Ohio

State

Add Comparison

2024 Population

11.8M

US Senator

Bernie Moreno

Republican Party

US Senator

Jon Husted

Republican Party

2024 Median Age

39.7

0.253% 1-year increase

2024 Poverty Rate

13.3%

0.373% 1-year increase

2024 Median Household Income

$71,389

2.45% 1-year growth

2024 Median Property Value

$214,800

7.83% 1-year growth

2023 Employed Population

5.45M

0.155% 1-year growth

About

8.02% of the households in Ohio reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

97.5% of the residents in Ohio are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Ohio are Ohio State University-Main Campus (16,837 degrees awarded in 2023), University of Cincinnati-Main Campus (12,800 degrees), and Ohio University-Main Campus (8,937 degrees).

In 2024, the median property value in Ohio was $214,800, and the homeownership rate was 67.2%.

Most people in Ohio drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 23.4 minutes. The average car ownership in Ohio was 2 cars per household.

Ohio borders Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia.

Photo by Erik Drost

United States

Population & Diversity

Ohio is home to a population of 11.8M people, from which 97.5% are citizens. As of 2024, 5% of Ohio residents were born outside of the country (591k people).

In 2024, there were 6.3 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (8.96M people) in Ohio than any other race or ethnicity. There were 1.42M Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 405k Two Races Excluding Other, & Three or More Races (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary language in households in Ohio are Spanish (294,716 households), Yiddish, Pennsylvania Dutch or Other West Germanic Languages (62,928 households), and Arabic (48,086 households).

Population & Diversity

Population by Location

Sex *(USED)

RACE/ETHNICITY

The 3 PUMAS with the highest resident population

In 2023 there were 11,780,046 residents in Ohio.

The Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMA) with the highest resident population were Ashtabula & Geauga Counties PUMA, OH (192,671 people), Summit County (Central)--Akron City PUMA, OH (190,856 people), and Mahoning County (Northeast)--Youngstown City, Boardman & Austintown PUMA, OH (186,852 people).

The following map shows all of the states in Ohio colored by the resident population.

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

5,970,978

Women

50.7%

5,809,068

Men

49.3%

The resident population of United States in 2023 was 11,780,046 inhabitants, with 49.3% men, and 50.7% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in Ohio.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

97.5%

2024 Citizenship

97.6%

2023 Citizenship

As of 2024, 97.5% of Ohio residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.2%. In 2023, the percentage of US citizens in Ohio was 97.6%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Ohio compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Ohio

White (Non-Hispanic)
8.96M ± 4.65k
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
1.42M ± 5.87k
Two Races Excluding Other, & Three or More Races (Non-Hispanic)
405k ± 6.16k

4.76%

Hispanic Population

563k people

4.76% of the people in Ohio are hispanic (563k people).

The following chart shows the 8 races represented in Ohio as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

India
66,106 ± 6,295 people
Mexico
45,962 ± 5,253 people
China
32,703 ± 4,434 people

In 2023, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Ohio was India, the natal country of 66,106 Ohio residents, followed by Mexico with 45,962 and China with 32,703.

Foreign-Born Population

2024 Foreign-Born Population

591k people

4.85%

2023 Foreign-Born Population

571k people

As of 2024, 5% of Ohio residents (591k people) were born outside of the United States, which is approximately the same as the national average of 14%. In 2023, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Ohio was 4.85%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Ohio compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
294,716 households (2.65%)
Yiddish, Pennsylvania Dutch or Other West Germanic Languages
62,928 households (0.565%)
Arabic
48,086 households (0.432%)

8.02% of the households in Ohio reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 22.3%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2024, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Ohio was Spanish. 2.65% of the households in Ohio reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
201,881 ± 3,132
Gulf War (2001-)
128,984 ± 2,919
Gulf War (1990s)
89,842 ± 2,666

Ohio has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.57 times greater than any other conflict.

The chart shows the distribution of veterans by conflict in Ohio.

Economy

The economy of Ohio employs 5.45M people. In 2023, the largest industries in Ohio were Restaurants & Food Services (343,855 people), General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (335,014 people), and Elementary & secondary schools (310,110 people), and the highest paying industries were Securities, commodities, funds, trusts & other financial investments ($135,917), Soap, cleaning compound, & cosmetics manufacturing ($121,015), and Petroleum refining ($119,926).

Males in Ohio have an average income that is 1.31 times higher than the average income of females, which is $60,905. The income inequality in Ohio (measured using the Gini index) is 0.453, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

2,629,439

Women

48.2%

2,820,774

Men

51.8%

The workforce of Ohio in 2023 was 5,450,213 people, with 48.2% woman, and 51.8% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Ohio.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Workforce and Wage by Location

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

In 2023 there were 5,450,213 people working in Ohio. The Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMA) that concentrated the largest workforce were Medina County PUMA, OH (91,058 people), Summit County (Central)--Akron City PUMA, OH (87,311 people), and Lorain County (South)--North Ridgeville, Avon Lake & Avon Cities PUMA, OH (85,058 people).

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Ohio colored by workforce or average wage.

With the upper buttons you can see the yearly change and add a filter by race.

Occupations

5.45M

2023 Value

0.155%

1 Year growth

± 0.155%

From 2022 to 2023, employment in Ohio grew at a rate of 0.155%, from 5.44M employees to 5.45M employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Ohio, are Registered nurses (145,916 people), Other managers (138,107 people), and Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (137,175 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Ohio.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Ohio (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

Industries

Employment by Industries

5.45M

2023 Value

0.155%

1 Year growth

± 0.155%

From 2022 to 2023, employment in Ohio grew at a rate of 0.155%, from 5.44M employees to 5.45M employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Ohio, are Restaurants & Food Services (343,855 people), General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (335,014 people), and Elementary & secondary schools (310,110 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Ohio, though some of these residents may live in Ohio and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$55,214

Median earning men ± $319

$40,527

Median earning women ± $166

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2024 are Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($82,468), Public Administration ($78,038), and Professional, Scientific, & Management, & Administrative & Waste Management Services ($66,724).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2024 are Public Administration ($58,786), Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($56,859), and Wholesale Trade ($48,955).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Ohio.

Y-Axis

1.48%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 5.51M people employed in Ohio. This represents a 1.48% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

Right after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during April 2020, a general dip can be seen across industry sectors, resulting in an overall decline in employment by 15.4%.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Ohio.

Establishments by Size

The industries with the most establishments

16,109
Other Services (except Public Administration)
15,328
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
13,172
Retail Trade

The visualization shows the distribution of establishments by industry and by size according to the number of employees.

Depending on the option selected, the visualization shows the number of employees or number of establishments and its share across establishment sizes.

Payroll by Industry Sector

The industries with the highest total annual payroll

$49.6M
Health Care and Social Assistance
$44.9M
Manufacturing
$24.7M
Finance and Insurance

The chart shows the total annual payroll and the average annual payroll by industry.

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Ohio to other states, or from other states to Ohio.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2024, the top outbound Ohio product (by dollars) was Machinery with $57B, followed by Motorized vehicles ($56.2B) and Mixed freight ($52.7B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Ohio products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Ohio.

$666B

2024 Value in Ohio

$1.24T

Projected 2050 Value in Ohio

86.8% growth

In 2024, total outbound Ohio trade was $666B. This is expected to increase 86.8% to $1.24T by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Ohio trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Ohio to other states, or from other states to Ohio.

Most Common Trade Partners

Michigan
$43.9B
Indiana
$39.6B
Pennsylvania
$30.9B

In 2024, the top outbound Ohio domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Michigan with $43.9B, followed by Indiana with $39.6B and Pennsylvania and $30.9B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Ohio shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2024 presidential election, the popular vote in Ohio went to Donald J. Trump with 55.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Kamala Harris (43.9%), followed by Chase Oliver (0.489%).

The most partisan county was Holmes County, OH with 83.4% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

Bernie Moreno and Jon Husted are the senators currently representing the state of Ohio. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Ohio is currently represented by 15 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

2024 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (55.1%)
Republican Party
Kamala Harris (43.9%)
Democratic Party
Chase Oliver (0.489%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2024 presidential election, the popular vote in Ohio went to Donald J. Trump with 55.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Kamala Harris (43.9%), followed by Chase Oliver (0.489%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Ohio for each registered party from 1976 to 2024.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Donald J. Trump

Popular Vote for Ohio

55.1% for the Republican Party

Most Partisan Counties in Ohio

Holmes County, OH
83.4% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Putnam County, OH
82.4% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Mercer County, OH
81.9% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)

In the 2024 presidential election, the most partisan county in Ohio was Holmes County, OH with 83.4% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

The following map shows the counties in Ohio colored by their party leaning.

Senator Elections

US Senators from Ohio

Bernie Moreno

Senator from Ohio

Assumed office on January 3, 2025

Jon Husted

Senator from Ohio

Assumed office on January 21, 2025
While elections for full class 3 terms will take place in 2028, Ohio will hold a special election in 2026 to elect a senator to complete the remainder of JD Vance's term.

Bernie Moreno and Jon Husted are the senators currently representing Ohio.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Ohio over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

Education

In 2023, universities in Ohio awarded 181,391 degrees. The student population of Ohio in 2023 is skewed towards women, with 263,155 male students and 356,776 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Ohio are White (121,500 and 70.7%), Black or African American (20,813 and 12.1%), Hispanic or Latino (9,462 and 5.51%), and Unknown (7,141 and 4.16%).

The largest universities in Ohio by number of degrees awarded are Ohio State University-Main Campus (16,837 and 9.28%), University of Cincinnati-Main Campus (12,800 and 7.06%), and Ohio University-Main Campus (8,937 and 4.93%).

The most popular majors in Ohio are Registered Nursing (11,148 and 6.15%), General Business Administration & Management (10,028 and 5.53%), and Liberal Arts & Sciences (7,063 and 3.89%).

The median tuition costs in Ohio are $31,973 for private four year colleges, and $7,325 and $16,438 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

University

Measure

In 2023 in Ohio, the percentage of applicants admitted was 66.4%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 18.9%. The number of students enrolled in 2023 was 619,931 (42.4% men and 57.6% women).

The map shows the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

The line chart below shows the annual evolution of the indicator by gender.

Enrollments by Gender and Races

Universities

In 2023 there were 619,931 students enrolled in Ohio, 42.4% men and 57.6% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 401,525 records, of which 57.5% were women and 42.5% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Most Common

Registered Nursing
6,051 degrees awarded
General Psychology
3,004 degrees awarded
General Marketing & Marketing Management
2,921 degrees awarded

In 2023, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Ohio was Registered Nursing with 6,051 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Ohio according to their major.

Universities

Gender

Race

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Ohio State University-Main Campus
16,837 degrees awarded
University of Cincinnati-Main Campus
12,800 degrees awarded
Ohio University-Main Campus
8,937 degrees awarded

In 2023, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was Ohio State University-Main Campus with 16,837 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

University

In 2023, 76,656 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Ohio, which is 0.732 times less than the 104,735 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2023, the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 121,500 degrees mean that there were 5.84 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 20,813 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Universities

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($31,973) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2023.

Public, less-than 2-year ($1,720) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2023.

Public, less-than 2-year ($1,750) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2023, 0.785% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.712% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Ohio in 2023 were High School or Equivalent (3.04M), Some college (1.94M), and Bachelors Degree (1.66M).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Ohio was $214,800 in 2024, which is 0.646 times smaller than the national average of $332,700. Between 2023 and 2024 the median property value increased from $199,200 to $214,800, a 7.83% increase. The homeownership rate in Ohio is 67.2%, which is higher than the national average of 65.2%.

People in Ohio have an average commute time of 23.4 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Ohio is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

In 2025, 12.7% of the population was living with severe housing problems in Ohio. From 2014 to 2025, the indicator declined 2.21%.

Housing

Property

$214,800

Median Property Value 2024

±$742

$3.27M

Median Property Taxes

±$13,713

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Ohio the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Ohio compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

67.2%

Homeownership

2024

62.2%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2024

In 2024, 67.2% of the housing units in Ohio were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 67%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Ohio compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$71,389

Median Household Income

± $321

4.86M

Number of Households

± 17,362

In 2024, the median household income of the 4.86M households in Ohio grew to $71,389 from the previous year's value of $69,680.

The following chart displays the households in Ohio distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Wage Distribution

0.453

2023 Wage GINI in Ohio

0.456

2022 Wage GINI in Ohio

In 2023, the income inequality in Ohio was 0.453 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.645% decline from 2022 to 2023, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Ohio was lower than than the national average of 0.476. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Ohio in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Ohio across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2024

Drove Alone (75.1%)
Worked At Home (13%)
Carpooled (7.54%)

In 2024, 75.1% of workers in Ohio drove alone to work, followed by those who worked at home (13%) and those who carpooled to work (7.54%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

23.4 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Ohio have a shorter commute time (23.4 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.4 minutes). Additionally, 1.82% of the workforce in Ohio have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Ohio compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Ohio distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Ohio have 2 cars.

Poverty

Severe Housing Problems

In 2025, 12.7% of the population was living with severe housing problems in Ohio. From 2014 to 2025, the indicator declined 2.21%.

The map show the severe housing problems rate in the counties of California. The graph underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the percentage of the population living with severe housing problems.

Poverty & Diversity

13.3% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Ohio (1.53M out of 11.5M people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.5%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 18 - 24 and then Females 35 - 44.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Ohio is White, followed by Black and Two Or More.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Children in Poverty

In 2025, 17.5% of the children was living in poverty in Ohio. From 2014 to 2025, the indicator declined 6.1%.

The map show the children in poverty rate in the counties of California. The graph underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the percentage of children in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Security

Crimes & Accidents

Indicator

In 2022, the number of reported violent crimes offenses per 100,000 population was 293 in Ohio. From 2014 to 2022, the indicator declined 25.4 per 100,000 population.

The following map shows the number of reported violent crimes offenses per 100,000 population.

The graph underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in Ohio.

Health

93.6% of the population of Ohio has health coverage, with 49.9% on employee plans, 17.9% on Medicaid, 14% on Medicare, 10.5% on non-group plans, and 1.29% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in Ohio see 1,328 patients per year on average, which represents a 0% change from the previous year (1,328 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1535 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 286 patients per year.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 49.1% were men and 50.9% were women.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

1,328 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Ohio

Primary care physicians in Ohio see an average of 1,328 patients per year. This represents a 0% change from the previous year (1,328 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Ohio in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Health Care Diversity

In 2024, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 23.6% under 18 years, 20.7% between 18 and 34 years, 37.7% between 35 and 64 years, and 17.9% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 49.1% were men and 50.9% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

6.41%

Uninsured

49.9%

Employer Coverage

17.9%

Medicaid

14%

Medicare

10.5%

Non-Group

1.29%

Military or VA

Between 2023 and 2024, the percent of uninsured citizens in Ohio grew by 0.723% from 6.36% to 6.41%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Ohio changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.

Health Indicators

Health Outcomes

Indicator

In 2025, the number of deaths among residents under age 18 per 100,000 population was 59.2 in Ohio.

The map shows the distribution of the indicator in the counties of Ohio and the graphic underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in Ohio.

Health Behaviors

Indicator

In 2025, the percentage of the adult population (age 18 and older) that reports a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 (age-adjusted) was 38.4% in Ohio.

The map shows the distribution of the indicator in the counties of Ohio and the graphic underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in Ohio.

Clinical Care

Indicator

In 2025, the percentage of population under age 65 without health insurance was 7.1% in Ohio.

The map shows the distribution of the indicator in the counties of Ohio and the graphic underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in Ohio.

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