Pennsylvania

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Population

12.8M

0.0119% growth

Median Age

40.8


Median Household Income

$60,905

2.89% growth

Poverty Rate

13.1%


Number of Employees

5.98M

1.63% growth

Median Property Value

$186,000

2.65% growth

About

Economy

Health

Diversity

Education

Housing & Living

About

In 2018, Pennsylvania had a population of 12.8M people with a median age of 40.8 and a median household income of $60,905. Between 2017 and 2018 the population of Pennsylvania grew from 12.8M to 12.8M, a 0.0119% increase and its median household income grew from $59,195 to $60,905, a 2.89% increase.

The population of Pennsylvania is 75.9% White Alone, 10.6% Black or African American Alone, and 7.61% Hispanic or Latino. 11.9% of the people in Pennsylvania speak a non-English language, and 96.7% are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Pennsylvania are Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus (13,640 degrees awarded in 2017), University of Pittsburgh-Pittsburgh Campus (9,963 degrees), and Temple University (9,383 degrees).

The median property value in Pennsylvania is $186,000, and the homeownership rate is 68.6%. Most people in Pennsylvania commute by Drove Alone, and the average commute time is 25.8 minutes. The average car ownership in Pennsylvania is 2 cars per household.

Pennsylvania borders New York, Ohio, New Jersey, Maryland, West Virginia, and Delaware.

About the photo: Farm, hills and grasslands in rural Pennsylvania.

Photo by eflon

United States

Economy

The economy of Pennsylvania employs 5.98M people. The largest industries in Pennsylvania are Elementary & secondary schools (345,145 people), General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (340,606 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (334,126 people), and the highest paying industries are Agricultural chemical manufacturing ($177,451), Pharmaceutical & medicine manufacturing ($124,927), and Computer & peripheral equipment manufacturing ($123,970).

Median household income in Pennsylvania is $60,905. Males in Pennsylvania have an average income that is 1.34 times higher than the average income of females, which is $52,119. The income inequality in Pennsylvania (measured using the Gini index) is 0.469, which is lower than than the national average.

Wages

Median Household Income

$60,905

2018 value

± $315

2.89%

1 Year Growth

± 0.884%

Households in Pennsylvania have a median annual income of $60,905, which is less than the median annual income of $61,937 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $59,195 in 2017, which represents a 2.89% annual growth.

Look at the chart to see how the median household income in Pennsylvania compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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Wage by Gender in Common Jobs

$69,779

Average Male Salary

± $1,106

$52,119

Average Female Salary

± $786

In 2018, full-time male employees in Pennsylvania made 1.34 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Pennsylvania by number of full-time employees.

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Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity

  1. Asian

    $67,044 ± $4,236

  2. White

    $54,569 ± $688

  3. Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander

    $45,677 ± $16,041

In 2018 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Pennsylvania workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.23 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Pennsylvania by number of full-time employees.

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Wage Distribution

0.469

2018 Wage GINI

0.472

2017 Wage GINI

In 2018, the income inequality in Pennsylvania was 0.469 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.472% decline from 2017 to 2018, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even.

The 2018 the GINI for Pennsylvania was lower than than the national average of 0.479. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Pennsylvania in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Pennsylvania across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

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Income by Location

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Highest Median Household Income (Total)

  1. Chester County, PA

  2. Montgomery County, PA

  3. Bucks County, PA

In 2018, the county with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Pennsylvania was Chester County, PA with a value of $99,119, followed by Montgomery County, PA and Bucks County, PA, with respective values of $90,122 and $88,569.

The following map shows all of the counties in Pennsylvania colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

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Poverty by Age and Gender

Females 25 - 34

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

13.1% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Pennsylvania (1.62M out of 12.4M people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 13.1%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 18 - 24 and then Males 18 - 24.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

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Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

  1. White

    1,036,506 ± 6,886

  2. Black

    368,064 ± 4,604

  3. Hispanic

    259,020 ± 3,653

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Pennsylvania is White, followed by Black and Hispanic.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

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Occupations

Employment by Occupations

5.98M

2018 Value

1.63%

1 Year growth

± 1.63%

From 2017 to 2018, employment in Pennsylvania grew at a rate of 1.63%, from 5.88M employees to 5.98M employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Pennsylvania, are Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (155,186 people), Registered nurses (147,583 people), and Elementary & middle school teachers (145,682 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Pennsylvania.

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Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Pennsylvania, by number of employees, are Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (155,186 people), Registered nurses (147,583 people), and Elementary & middle school teachers (145,682 people).

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Most Specialized

Compared to other states, Pennsylvania has an unusually high number of residents working as Forest & conservation workers (3.64 times higher than expected), Nurse anesthetists (2.71 times), and Sawing machine setters, operators, & tenders, wood (2.62 times).

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Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Pennsylvania, by average salary, are Surgeons ($362,232), Physicians ($219,820), and Chief executives & legislators ($190,066).

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Industries

Employment by Industries

5.98M

2018 Value

1.63%

1 Year growth

± 1.63%

From 2017 to 2018, employment in Pennsylvania grew at a rate of 1.63%, from 5.88M employees to 5.98M employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Pennsylvania, are Elementary & secondary schools (345,145 people), General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (340,606 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (334,126 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Pennsylvania, though some of these residents may live in Pennsylvania and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

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Most Common

The most common industries in Pennsylvania, by number of employees, are Elementary & secondary schools (345,145 people), General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (340,606 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (334,126 people).

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Most Specialized

Compared to other states, Pennsylvania has an unusually high number of Railroad rolling stock manufacturing (5.63 times higher than expected), Sugar & confectionery products (3.15 times), and Pharmaceutical & medicine manufacturing (2.72 times) industries.

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Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Pennsylvania, by average salary, are Agricultural chemical manufacturing ($177,451), Pharmaceutical & medicine manufacturing ($124,927), and Computer & peripheral equipment manufacturing ($123,970).

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Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Pennsylvania to other states, or from other states to Pennsylvania.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

  1. Mixed freight

    $88.5B

  2. Coal-n.e.c.

    $57.4B

  3. Pharmaceuticals

    $55.2B

In 2015, the top outbound Pennsylvania product (by dollars) was Mixed freight with $88.5B, followed by Coal-n.e.c. ($57.4B) and Pharmaceuticals ($55.2B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Pennsylvania products.

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Domestic Trade Growth

$671B

2020 Value

$954B

Projected 2045 Value

42.2% growth

In 2020, total outbound Pennsylvania trade was $671B. This is expected to increase 42.2% to $954B by 2045.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Pennsylvania trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

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Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Pennsylvania to other states, or from other states to Pennsylvania.

Most Common Trade Partners

  1. New York

    $65.4B

  2. New Jersey

    $62.6B

  3. Ohio

    $35.6B

In 2015, the top outbound Pennsylvania domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was New York with $65.4B, followed by New Jersey with $62.6B and Ohio and $35.6B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Pennsylvania shares with each state (excluding itself).

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Health

94.5% of the population of Pennsylvania has health coverage, with 51.2% on employee plans, 16% on Medicaid, 13.9% on Medicare, 12.5% on non-group plans, and 0.937% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in the state of Pennsylvania was $9,258 in 2014. This is a 4.29% increase from the previous year ($8,877).

Primary care physicians in Pennsylvania see 1232 patients per year on average, which represents a 0.326% increase from the previous year (1228 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1481 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 559 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Fayette County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (16%). Additionally, Clearfield County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (39.3%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

1,232 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio

Primary care physicians in Pennsylvania see an average of 1,232 patients per year. This represents a 0.326% increase from the previous year (1,228 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Pennsylvania in comparison to neighboring states.

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Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

  1. West Virginia

    8.26% of the population affected

  2. Arkansas

    8.13% of the population affected

  3. New Hampshire

    7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

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Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

  1. Mississippi

    19.2% of adults

  2. Texas

    17.9% of adults

  3. Louisiana

    17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

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Health Care Spending

$9,258

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care 

$4,634

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$9,407

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$11,243

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Pennsylvania (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 4.29%, from $8,877 to $9,258.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

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Health Care Coverage

5.49%

Uninsured

51.2%

Employer Coverage

16%

Medicaid

13.9%

Medicare

12.5%

Non-Group

0.937%

Military or VA

Between 2016 and 2017, the percent of uninsured citizens in Pennsylvania declined by 2.48% from 5.63% to 5.49%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Pennsylvania changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.

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Health Risks

Data available at the county level.

Most at risk counties

  1. Fayette County

    16% prevalence

  2. Mifflin County

    13.4% prevalence

  3. Venango County

    13.2% prevalence

Fayette County has the highest prevalence of diabetes in Pennsylvania, at 16%.

The following map shows the prevalence of diabetes in Pennsylvania by county over multiple years.

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Diversity

Pennsylvania is home to a population of 12.8M people, from which 96.7% are citizens. As of 2017, 6.57% of Pennsylvania residents were born outside of the country (842k people).

The ethnic composition of the population of Pennsylvania is composed of 9.72M White Alone residents (75.9%), 1.35M Black or African American Alone residents (10.6%), 975k Hispanic or Latino residents (7.61%), 450k Asian Alone residents (3.51%), 267k Two or More Races residents (2.08%), 21.4k Some Other Race Alone residents (0.167%), 14.4k American Indian & Alaska Native Alone residents (0.112%), and 3.56k Native Hawaiian & Other Pacific Islander Alone residents (0.0278%).

The most common foreign languages spoken in Pennsylvania are Spanish (633,342 speakers), Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) (95,753 speakers), and Yiddish, Pennsylvania Dutch or Other West Germanic Languages (81,834 speakers).

Age

Age by Nativity

41

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.2

43

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 0.5

In 2018, the median age of all people in Pennsylvania was 40.8. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 41, were generally younger than than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 43. But people in Pennsylvania are getting staying the same age. In 2017, the average age of all Pennsylvania residents was 41.

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Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

6.57%

2017 Foreign-Born Population

842k people

6.4%

2016 Foreign-Born Population

818k people

As of 2017, 6.57% of Pennsylvania residents (842k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.7%. In 2016, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Pennsylvania was 6.4%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Pennsylvania compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

  1. India

    94,480 ± 7,519 people

  2. Dominican Republic

    85,267 ± 7,145 people

  3. China

    68,580 ± 6,412 people

In 2018, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Pennsylvania was India, the natal country of 94,480 Pennsylvania residents, followed by Dominican Republic with 85,267 and China with 68,580.

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Citizenship

96.7%

2018 Citizenship

96.7%

2017 Citizenship

As of 2018, 96.7% of Pennsylvania residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.2%. In 2017, the percentage of US citizens in Pennsylvania was 96.7%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Pennsylvania compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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Race and Ethnicity

Most Common

  1. White Alone

    9.72M ± 3.36k

  2. Black or African American Alone

    1.35M ± 9.32k

  3. Hispanic or Latino

    975k ± 25.3k

In 2018, there were 7.19 times more White Alone residents (9.72M people) in Pennsylvania than any other race or ethnicity. There were 1.35M Black or African American Alone and 975k Hispanic or Latino residents, the second and third most common racial or ethnic groups.

The following bar chart shows the 8 races and ethnicities represented in Pennsylvania as a share of the total population.

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Non-English Speakers

Most Common Languages

  1. Spanish

    633,342 speakers (5.23%)

  2. Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)

    95,753 speakers (0.791%)

  3. Yiddish, Pennsylvania Dutch or Other West Germanic Languages

    81,834 speakers (0.676%)

11.9% of Pennsylvania citizens are speakers of a non-English language, which is lower than the national average of 21.9%. In 2018, the most common non-English language spoken in Pennsylvania was Spanish. 5.23% of the overall population of Pennsylvania are native Spanish speakers. 0.791% speak Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) and 0.676% speak Spanish, the next two most common languages.

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Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

  1. Vietnam

    268,735 ± 5,919

  2. Gulf War (2001-)

    112,778 ± 5,788

  3. Gulf War (1990s)

    86,229 ± 4,413

Pennsylvania has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 2.38 times greater than any other conflict.

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Education

In 2017, universities in Pennsylvania awarded 201,004 degrees. The student population of Pennsylvania is skewed towards women, with 326,955 male students and 414,782 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Pennsylvania are White (133,671 and 71.5%), followed by Black or African American (17,855 and 9.55%), Hispanic or Latino (10,736 and 5.74%), and Asian (10,169 and 5.44%).

The largest universities in Pennsylvania by number of degrees awarded are Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus (13,640 and 6.79%), University of Pittsburgh-Pittsburgh Campus (9,963 and 4.96%), and Temple University (9,383 and 4.67%).

The most popular majors in Pennsylvania are General Business Administration & Management (10,109 and 5.03%), Registered Nursing (9,016 and 4.49%), and General Psychology (5,856 and 2.91%).

The median tuition costs in Pennsylvania are $33,990 for private four year colleges, and $12,718 and $20,352 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Concentrations

Most Common

  1. Registered Nursing

    5,227 degrees awarded

  2. General Psychology

    5,108 degrees awarded

  3. General Business Administration & Management

    4,723 degrees awarded

In 2015, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Pennsylvania was Registered Nursing with 5,227 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Pennsylvania according to their major.

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Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

  1. Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus

    13,640 degrees awarded

  2. University of Pittsburgh-Pittsburgh Campus

    9,963 degrees awarded

  3. Temple University

    9,383 degrees awarded

$12,718

Median In-State Public

$33,990

Median Private

In 2017, the Pennsylvania institution with the largest number of graduating students was Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus with 13,640 degrees awarded.

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Student Gender for Common Institutions

87,205

Degrees Awarded to Men

113,799

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2017, 87,205 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Pennsylvania, which is 0.766 times less than the 113,799 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the gender disparity between the top 5 institutions in Pennsylvania by degrees awarded.

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Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

  1. White

    133,671 degrees awarded

  2. Black or African American

    17,855 degrees awarded

  3. Hispanic or Latino

    10,736 degrees awarded

In 2017 the majority of degrees awarded at institutions in Pennsylvania were to White students. These 133,671 degrees mean that there were 7.49 times more White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 17,855 degrees awarded.

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Housing & Living

The median property value in Pennsylvania was $186,000 in 2018, which is 0.81 times smaller than the national average of $229,700. Between 2017 and 2018 the median property value increased from $181,200 to $186,000, a 2.65% increase. The homeownership rate in Pennsylvania is 68.6%, which is higher than the national average of 63.9%. People in Pennsylvania have an average commute time of 25.8 minutes, and they commute by Drove Alone. Car ownership in Pennsylvania is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$186,000

2018 Median

± $1,108

$181,200

2017 Median

± $1,167

In 2018, the median property value in Pennsylvania grew to to $186,000 from the previous year's value of $181,200.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Pennsylvania compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Pennsylvania the largest share of households have a property value in the $200k - $250k range.

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Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$60,905

Median Household Income

± $315

5.07M

Number of Households

± 31,659

In 2018, the median household income of the 5.07M households in Pennsylvania grew to $60,905 from the previous year's value of $59,195.

The following chart displays the households in Pennsylvania distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

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Property Taxes

$3k+

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Pennsylvania distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Pennsylvania the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

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Rent vs Own

68.6%

2018 Homeownership

68.3%

2017 Homeownership

In 2018, 68.6% of the housing units in Pennsylvania were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 68.3%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is higher than the national average of 63.9%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Pennsylvania compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

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Commute Time

25.8 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Pennsylvania have a longer commute time (25.8 minutes) than the normal US worker (25.7 minutes). Additionally, 3% of the workforce in Pennsylvania have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Pennsylvania compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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Commuter Transportation

Most Common Method of Travel

  1. Drove Alone

    75.6%

  2. Carpooled

    8.46%

  3. Public Transit

    5.76%

In 2018, the most common method of travel for workers in Pennsylvania was Drove Alone (75.6%), followed by those who Carpooled (8.46%) and those who Public Transit (5.76%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

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Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Pennsylvania distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Pennsylvania have 2 cars, followed by 1 car.

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