Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

Add Comparison

2021 Population

167,526

1.18% 1-year growth

US Senator

Mark Warner

Democratic Party

US Senator

Tim Kaine

Democratic Party

2021 Median Age

43.3

0.915% 1-year decrease

2021 Poverty Rate

11.6%

0.739% 1-year decrease

2021 Median Household Income

$59,634

5.93% 1-year growth

2021 Median Property Value

$209,500

5.17% 1-year growth

2021 Employed Population

73,638

1.5% 1-year growth

About

In 2021, Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA had a population of 168k people with a median age of 43.3 and a median household income of $59,634. Between 2020 and 2021 the population of Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA grew from 165,574 to 167,526, a 1.18% increase and its median household income grew from $56,297 to $59,634, a 5.93% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA are White (Non-Hispanic) (86%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (6.13%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (2.44%), White (Hispanic) (2.08%), and Asian (Non-Hispanic) (1.06%).

4.59% of the households in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

98.3% of the residents in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA are Blue Ridge Community College (231536) (1,146 degrees awarded in 2021), Washington and Lee University (703 degrees), and Mary Baldwin University (421 degrees).

In 2021, the median property value in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA was $209,500, and the homeownership rate was 70.7%.

Most people in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 23.8 minutes. The average car ownership in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA was 2 cars per household.

Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA borders Roanoke Valley-Alleghany Regional Commission (Outside Roanoke & Salem Cities) PUMA, VA, Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission (South & East) PUMA, VA, Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission (North) PUMA, VA, Bedford, Amherst, Appomattox Counties & Bedford City PUMA, VA, Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Northeast) PUMA, VA, Randolph, Upshur, Barbour, Lewis, Hardy, Grant, Pendleton & Tucker Counties PUMA, WV, and Greenbrier, Nicholas, Summers, Monroe & Pocahontas Counties PUMA, WV.

United States Virginia West Virginia

Population & Diversity

Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA is home to a population of 168k people, from which 98.3% are citizens. As of 2021, 3.18% of Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA residents were born outside of the country (5.32k people).

In 2021, there were 14 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (144k people) in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA than any other race or ethnicity. There were 10.3k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 4.09k Two+ (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA are Spanish (4,437 households), French (Incl. Cajun) (314 households), and Vietnamese (262 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

83,811

Women

50.1%

83,499

Men

49.9%

The resident population of United States in 2021 was 167,310 inhabitants, with 49.9% men, and 50.1% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in the United States.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

98.3%

2021 Citizenship

98.3%

2020 Citizenship

As of 2021, 98.3% of Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2020, the percentage of US citizens in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA was 98.3%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA

White (Non-Hispanic)
144k ± 419
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
10.3k ± 630
Two+ (Non-Hispanic)
4.09k ± 701

3.82%

Hispanic Population

6.41k people

3.82% of the people in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA are hispanic (6.41k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

Mexico
1,143 ± 827 people
Korea
383 ± 480 people
England
261 ± 396 people

In 2021, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA was Mexico, the natal country of 1,143 Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA residents, followed by Korea with 383 and England with 261.

Foreign-Born Population

3.18%

2021 Foreign-Born Population

5.32k people

3.12%

2020 Foreign-Born Population

5.17k people

As of 2021, 3.18% of Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA residents (5.32k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.6%. In 2020, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA was 3.12%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
4,437 households (2.78%)
French (Incl. Cajun)
314 households (0.197%)
Vietnamese
262 households (0.164%)

4.59% of the households in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 21.7%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2021, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA was Spanish. 2.78% of the households in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
4,063 ± 458
Gulf War (2001-)
1,945 ± 339
Gulf War (1990s)
1,658 ± 345

Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 2.09 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA employs 73.6k people. The largest industries in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA are Elementary & secondary schools (4,832 people), Construction (4,713 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (4,228 people), and the highest paying industries are Scientific research & development services ($106,968), Legal services ($101,392), and Air transportation ($100,075).

Males in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA have an average income that is 1.29 times higher than the average income of females, which is $47,070. The income inequality in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA (measured using the Gini index) is 0.421, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

35,167

Women

48.5%

37,385

Men

51.5%

The workforce of Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA in 2020 was 72,552 people, with 48.5% woman, and 51.5% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

73.6k

2021 Value

1.5%

1 Year growth

± 1.5%

From 2020 to 2021, employment in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA grew at a rate of 1.5%, from 72.6k employees to 73.6k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA, are Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (2,259 people), Firstline supervisors of retail sales workers (2,256 people), and Registered nurses (1,987 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Virginia (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

View Full Dashboard

Industries

Employment by Industries

73.6k

2021 Value

1.5%

1 Year growth

± 1.5%

From 2020 to 2021, employment in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA grew at a rate of 1.5%, from 72.6k employees to 73.6k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA, are Elementary & secondary schools (4,832 people), Construction (4,713 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (4,228 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA, though some of these residents may live in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$42,908

Median earning men ± $1,379

$32,412

Median earning women ± $1,347

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2021 are Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($71,172), Public Administration ($52,212), and Educational Services, & Health Care & Social Assistance ($51,910).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2021 are Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($43,452), Construction ($40,412), and Manufacturing ($40,032).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

Y-Axis

2.75%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 155M people employed in Virginia. This represents a 2.75% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Virginia.

View Full Dashboard

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Virginia went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 54.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (44%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.45%).

Mark Warner and Tim Kaine are the senators currently representing the state of Virginia. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Virginia is currently represented by 11 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA. Showing the available data for Virginia.

2020 Election Results

Joseph R Biden Jr. (54.1%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (44%)
Republican Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.45%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Virginia went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 54.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (44%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.45%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Virginia for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Senator Elections

US Senators from Virginia

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Virginia.

Mark Warner

Senator from Virginia

Assumed office on January 3, 2009

Tim Kaine

Senator from Virginia

Assumed office on January 3, 2013

Mark Warner and Tim Kaine are the senators currently representing Virginia.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Virginia over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representative Elections

US Representatives from Virginia

Virginia is currently represented by 11 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Virginia have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2021, universities in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA awarded 2,908 degrees. The student population of Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA in 2021 is skewed towards women, with 4,855 male students and 5,777 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA are White (2,149 and 75.1%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (257 and 8.99%), Unknown (146 and 5.1%), and Black or African American (130 and 4.55%).

The largest universities in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA by number of degrees awarded are Blue Ridge Community College (231536) (1,146 and 39.4%), Washington and Lee University (703 and 24.2%), and Mary Baldwin University (421 and 14.5%).

The most popular majors in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA are Liberal Arts & Sciences (318 and 10.9%), Other Liberal Arts & Sciences, General Studies, & Humanities (266 and 9.15%), and General Business Administration & Management (154 and 5.3%).

The median tuition costs in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA are $30,690 for private four year colleges, and $9,782 and $38,436 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

University

Measure

In 2021 in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA, the percentage of applicants admitted was 36.8%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 37.2%. The number of students enrolled in 2021 was 10,632 (45.7% men and 54.3% women).

The line chart shows the evolution of the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

Enrollments by Gender and Races

Universities

In 2021 there were 10,632 students enrolled in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA, 45.7% men and 54.3% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 7,304 records, of which 53.4% were women and 46.6% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Most Common

General Psychology
78 degree-majors awarded
General Business Administration & Management
133 degree-majors awarded
General Economics
112 degree-majors awarded

In 2021, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA was General Psychology with 78 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA according to their major.

Universities

Gender

Race

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Blue Ridge Community College (231536)
1,146 degrees awarded
Washington and Lee University
703 degrees awarded
Mary Baldwin University
421 degrees awarded

In 2021, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was Blue Ridge Community College (231536) with 1,146 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

University

In 2021, 1,292 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA, which is 0.8 times less than the 1,616 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2021 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 2,149 degrees mean that there were 8.36 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Hispanic or Latino, with 257 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Universities

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($30,690) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2021.

Public, 4-year or above ($9,888) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2021.

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($1,500) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2021, 0.795% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.712% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA in 2021 were High School or Equivalent (51.7k), Some college (28.2k), and Bachelors Degree (20.2k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA was $209,500 in 2021, which is 0.855 times smaller than the national average of $244,900. Between 2020 and 2021 the median property value increased from $199,200 to $209,500, a 5.17% increase. The homeownership rate in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA is 70.7%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 64.6%.

People in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA have an average commute time of 23.8 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Median household income in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA is $59,634. In 2021, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA was Ashburn (Southwest/Belmont Ridge) & Dulles Airport PUMA, VA with a value of $177,476, followed by McLean & Idylwood PUMA, VA and Vienna Town, Oakton & Fair Oaks (East) PUMA, VA, with respective values of $171,856 and $158,176.

Housing

Property

$209,500

Median Property Value 2021

±$5,788

$47,265

Median Property Taxes

±$1,634

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA the largest share of households pay taxes in the $800 - $1,499 range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

70.7%

Homeownership

2021

69.4%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2021

In 2021, 70.7% of the housing units in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 71.4%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2021, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA was Ashburn (Southwest/Belmont Ridge) & Dulles Airport PUMA, VA with a value of $177,476, followed by McLean & Idylwood PUMA, VA and Vienna Town, Oakton & Fair Oaks (East) PUMA, VA, with respective values of $171,856 and $158,176.

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$59,634

Median Household Income

± $2,103

66.9k

Number of Households

± 2,066

In 2021, the median household income of the 66.9k households in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA grew to $59,634 from the previous year's value of $56,297.

The following chart displays the households in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Wage Distribution

0.421

2021 Wage GINI in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA

0.432

2020 Wage GINI in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA

In 2021, the income inequality in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA was 0.421 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 2.57% decline from 2020 to 2021, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2021

Drove Alone (81.9%)
Carpooled (8.05%)
Worked At Home (6.04%)

In 2021, 81.9% of workers in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (8.05%) and those who worked at home (6.04%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

23.8 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA have a shorter commute time (23.8 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.8 minutes). Additionally, 2.09% of the workforce in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA have 2 cars.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

11.6% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA (18.4k out of 158k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.6%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 18 - 24 and then Females 55 - 64.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA is White, followed by Black and Hispanic.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Health

92.1% of the population of Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA has health coverage, with 47.6% on employee plans, 13.1% on Medicaid, 17% on Medicare, 12.4% on non-group plans, and 2.04% on military or VA plans.

Coverage

Health Care Diversity

In 2021, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 20.9% under 18 years, 19.7% between 18 and 34 years, 38.1% between 35 and 64 years, and 21.3% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 48.3% were men and 51.7% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

7.89%

Uninsured

47.6%

Employer Coverage

13.1%

Medicaid

17%

Medicare

12.4%

Non-Group

2.04%

Military or VA

Between 2020 and 2021, the percent of uninsured citizens in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA declined by 1.81% from 8.04% to 7.89%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Central Shenandoah Planning District Commission (Southwest) PUMA, VA changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.