Alabama

State

Add Comparison

Population

4.89M

0.269% 1-year growth

US Senator

Richard Shelby

Republican Party

US Senator

Tommy Tuberville

Republican Party

Median Age

39.3

Poverty Rate

17.5%

Median Household Income

$49,861

3.61% 1-year growth

Median Property Value

$147,900

4.67% 1-year growth

Number of Employees

1.59% 1-year growth

About

In 2018, Alabama had a population of 4.89M people with a median age of 39.3 and a median household income of $49,861. Between 2017 and 2018 the population of Alabama grew from 4.87M to 4.89M, a 0.269% increase and its median household income grew from $48,123 to $49,861, a 3.61% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Alabama are White (Non-Hispanic) (65.3%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (26.6%), White (Hispanic) (2.35%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (1.87%), and Other (Hispanic) (1.58%). 5.3% of the people in Alabama speak a non-English language, and 98% are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Alabama are The University of Alabama (9,122 degrees awarded in 2017), Columbia Southern University (7,611 degrees), and Auburn University (6,484 degrees).

The median property value in Alabama is $147,900, and the homeownership rate is 68%. Most people in Alabama commute by Drove Alone, and the average commute time is 24.3 minutes. The average car ownership in Alabama is 2 cars per household.

Alabama borders Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee.

About the photo: Birmingham, AL

Photo by Trish Hartmann

United States

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in Alabama, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Impact on Employment

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Alabama.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Alabama (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Alabama.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of Alabama across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Civics

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Alabama went to Donald J. Trump with 62.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Hillary Rodham Clinton (34.4%), followed by Gary Johnson (2.09%). The most partisan county was Winston County, AL with 89.5% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

Richard Shelby and Tommy Tuberville are the senators currently representing the state of Alabama. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Alabama is currently represented by 7 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

2016 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (62.1%)
Republican Party
Hillary Rodham Clinton (34.4%)
Democratic Party
Gary Johnson (2.09%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Alabama went to Donald J. Trump with 62.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Hillary Rodham Clinton (34.4%), followed by Gary Johnson (2.09%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Alabama for each registered party from 1976 to 2016.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

Donald J. Trump

Popular Vote for Alabama

62.1% for the Republican Party

Most Partisan Counties in Alabama

Winston County, AL
89.5% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Blount County, AL
89.3% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Cleburne County, AL
87.4% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)

In the 2016 presidential election, the most partisan county in Alabama was Winston County, AL with 89.5% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

The following map shows the counties in Alabama colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from Alabama

Richard Shelby

Senator from Alabama

Assumed office on January 3, 1987

Tommy Tuberville

Senator from Alabama

Assumed office on January 3, 2021

Richard Shelby and Tommy Tuberville are the senators currently representing Alabama.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Alabama over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from Alabama

Alabama is currently represented by 7 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Alabama have changed over time starting in 2008.

Diversity

Alabama is home to a population of 4.89M people, from which 98% are citizens. As of 2018, 3.44% of Alabama residents were born outside of the country (168k people).

In 2018, there were 2.46 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (3.19M people) in Alabama than any other race or ethnicity. There were 1.3M Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 115k White (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common foreign languages spoken in Alabama are Spanish (150,932 speakers), Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) (8,745 speakers), and Korean (8,672 speakers).

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Alabama

White (Non-Hispanic)
3.19M ± 2.08k
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
1.3M ± 6.79k
White (Hispanic)
115k ± 6.49k

4.33%

Hispanic Population

211k people

4.33% of the people in Alabama are hispanic (211k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Alabama as a share of the total population.

Non-English Speakers

Most Common Languages

Spanish
150,932 speakers (3.28%)
Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)
8,745 speakers (0.19%)
Korean
8,672 speakers (0.189%)

5.3% of Alabama citizens are speakers of a non-English language, which is lower than the national average of 21.9%. In 2018, the most common non-English language spoken in Alabama was Spanish. 3.28% of the overall population of Alabama are native Spanish speakers. 0.19% speak Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) and 0.189% speak Spanish, the next two most common languages.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

3.44%

2018 Foreign-Born Population

168k people

3.44%

2017 Foreign-Born Population

168k people

As of 2018, 3.44% of Alabama residents (168k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.7%. In 2017, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Alabama was 3.44%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Alabama compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.2

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 0.9

In 2018, the median age of all people in Alabama was 39.3. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 39, were generally younger than than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 40. But people in Alabama are getting getting older. In 2017, the average age of all Alabama residents was 39.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

Mexico
44,820 ± 5,174 people
China
9,130 ± 2,344 people
India
9,004 ± 2,328 people

In 2018, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Alabama was Mexico, the natal country of 44,820 Alabama residents, followed by China with 9,130 and India with 9,004.

Citizenship

98%

2018 Citizenship

97.9%

2017 Citizenship

As of 2018, 98% of Alabama residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.2%. In 2017, the percentage of US citizens in Alabama was 97.9%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Alabama compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
105,590 ± 3,805
Gulf War (2001-)
76,638 ± 5,530
Gulf War (1990s)
51,322 ± 4,130

Alabama has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.38 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

Median household income in Alabama is $49,861. In 2018, the county with the highest Median Household Income in Alabama was Shelby County, AL with a value of $71,230, followed by Limestone County, AL and Madison County, AL, with respective values of $67,000 and $63,111.

Males in Alabama have an average income that is 1.42 times higher than the average income of females, which is $43,050. The income inequality in Alabama (measured using the Gini index) is 0.461, which is lower than than the national average.

The economy of Alabama employs 2M people. The largest industries in Alabama are Restaurants & Food Services (129,852 people), Construction (123,632 people), and Elementary & secondary schools (116,160 people), and the highest paying industries are Securities, commodities, funds, trusts & other financial investments ($127,135), Electronic & precision equipment repair and maintenance ($113,529), and Not specified wholesale trade ($110,837).

Wages

Median Household Income

$49,861

2018 value

± $783

3.61%

1 Year Growth

± 2.16%

Households in Alabama have a median annual income of $49,861, which is less than the median annual income of $61,937 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $48,123 in 2017, which represents a 3.61% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Alabama compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Gender in Common Jobs

$61,079

Average Male Salary in Alabama

± $1,549

$43,050

Average Female Salary in Alabama

± $1,220

In 2018, full-time male employees in Alabama made 1.42 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Alabama by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in Alabama

Asian
$63,430 ± $11,914
White
$50,777 ± $1,176
American Indian
$43,719 ± $8,830

In 2018 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Alabama workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.25 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in Alabama.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Alabama by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

0.461

2018 Wage GINI in Alabama

0.459

2017 Wage GINI in Alabama

In 2018, the income inequality in Alabama was 0.461 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.461% growth from 2017 to 2018, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for Alabama was lower than than the national average of 0.479. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Alabama in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Alabama across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2018, the county with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Alabama was Shelby County, AL with a value of $71,230, followed by Limestone County, AL and Madison County, AL, with respective values of $67,000 and $63,111.

The following map shows all of the counties in Alabama colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Gender

Females 25 - 34

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

17.5% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Alabama (829k out of 4.74M people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 13.1%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 18 - 24 and then Females 35 - 44.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

White
416,962 ± 4,755
Black
354,009 ± 4,457
Hispanic
63,883 ± 1,978

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Alabama is White, followed by Black and Hispanic.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

2018 Value

1.59%

1 Year growth

± 1.59%

From 2017 to 2018, employment in Alabama grew at a rate of 1.59%, from 1.97M employees to 2M employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Alabama, are Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (58,028 people), Registered nurses (53,802 people), and Elementary & middle school teachers (53,724 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Alabama.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Alabama, by number of employees, are Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (58,028 people), Registered nurses (53,802 people), and Elementary & middle school teachers (53,724 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other states, Alabama has an unusually high number of residents working as Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, & kettle operators & tenders (6.33 times higher than expected), Miscellaneous textile, apparel, & furnishings workers except upholsterers (6.01 times), and Tire builders (5.02 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Alabama, by average salary, are Surgeons ($263,197), Physicians ($227,752), and Personal financial advisors ($177,689).

Industries

Employment by Industries

2018 Value

1.59%

1 Year growth

± 1.59%

From 2017 to 2018, employment in Alabama grew at a rate of 1.59%, from 1.97M employees to 2M employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Alabama, are Restaurants & Food Services (129,852 people), Construction (123,632 people), and Elementary & secondary schools (116,160 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Alabama, though some of these residents may live in Alabama and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Alabama, by number of employees, are Restaurants & Food Services (129,852 people), Construction (123,632 people), and Elementary & secondary schools (116,160 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other states, Alabama has an unusually high number of Carpet & rug mills (6.5 times higher than expected), Prefabricated wood buildings & mobile homes (5.93 times), and Tire manufacturing (4.97 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Alabama, by average salary, are Securities, commodities, funds, trusts & other financial investments ($127,135), Electronic & precision equipment repair and maintenance ($113,529), and Not specified wholesale trade ($110,837).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Alabama to other states, or from other states to Alabama.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2015, the top outbound Alabama product (by dollars) was Motorized vehicles with $40.7B, followed by Mixed freight ($28B) and Coal-n.e.c. ($21.5B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Alabama products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Alabama.

$243B

2015 Value in Alabama

$367B

Projected 2045 Value in Alabama

50.7% growth

In 2015, total outbound Alabama trade was $243B. This is expected to increase 50.7% to $367B by 2045.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Alabama trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Alabama to other states, or from other states to Alabama.

Most Common Trade Partners

Georgia
$25.3B
Florida
$16.7B
Tennessee
$14.5B

In 2015, the top outbound Alabama domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Georgia with $25.3B, followed by Florida with $16.7B and Tennessee and $14.5B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Alabama shares with each state (excluding itself).

Education

In 2017, universities in Alabama awarded 72,991 degrees. The student population of Alabama is skewed towards women, with 131,791 male students and 176,816 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Alabama are White (45,609 and 64.4%), followed by Black or African American (17,189 and 24.3%), Unknown (2,427 and 3.43%), and Hispanic or Latino (2,327 and 3.29%).

The largest universities in Alabama by number of degrees awarded are The University of Alabama (9,122 and 12.5%), Columbia Southern University (7,611 and 10.4%), and Auburn University (6,484 and 8.88%).

The most popular majors in Alabama are General Business Administration & Management (6,226 and 8.53%), Registered Nursing (5,805 and 7.95%), and General Studies (4,340 and 5.95%).

The median tuition costs in Alabama are $14,827 for private four year colleges, and $8,328 and $16,707 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Concentrations

Most Common

General Business Administration & Management
3,200 degree-majorss awarded
Registered Nursing
2,222 degree-majorss awarded
General Psychology
1,342 degree-majorss awarded

In 2015, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Alabama was General Business Administration & Management with 3,200 degree-majorss awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Alabama according to their major.

Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

The University of Alabama
9,122 degrees awarded
Columbia Southern University
7,611 degrees awarded
Auburn University
6,484 degrees awarded

$8,328

Median In-State Public

$14,827

Median Private

In 2017, the Alabama institution with the largest number of graduating students was The University of Alabama with 9,122 degrees awarded.

Student Gender for Common Institutions

31,690

Degrees Awarded to Men

41,301

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2017, 31,690 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Alabama, which is 0.767 times less than the 41,301 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the gender disparity between the top 5 institutions in Alabama by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
45,609 degrees awarded
Black or African American
17,189 degrees awarded
Unknown
2,427 degrees awarded

In 2017 the majority of degrees awarded at institutions in Alabama were to White students. These 45,609 degrees mean that there were 2.65 times more White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 17,189 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Alabama was $147,900 in 2018, which is 0.644 times smaller than the national average of $229,700. Between 2017 and 2018 the median property value increased from $141,300 to $147,900, a 4.67% increase. The homeownership rate in Alabama is 68%, which is higher than the national average of 63.9%. People in Alabama have an average commute time of 24.3 minutes, and they commute by Drove Alone. Car ownership in Alabama is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$147,900

2018 Median

± $2,304

$141,300

2017 Median

± $1,758

In 2018, the median property value in Alabama grew to to $147,900 from the previous year's value of $141,300.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Alabama compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Alabama the largest share of households have a property value in the $200k - $250k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$49,861

Median Household Income

± $783

1.86M

Number of Households

± 21,443

In 2018, the median household income of the 1.86M households in Alabama grew to $49,861 from the previous year's value of $48,123.

The following chart displays the households in Alabama distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Property Taxes

< $800

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Alabama distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Alabama the largest share of households pay taxes in the < $800 range.

Rent vs Own

68%

2018 Homeownership

68%

2017 Homeownership

In 2018, 68% of the housing units in Alabama were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 68%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is higher than the national average of 63.9%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Alabama compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

24.3 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Alabama have a shorter commute time (24.3 minutes) than the normal US worker (25.7 minutes). Additionally, 2.03% of the workforce in Alabama have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Alabama compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Method of Travel

Drove Alone
86.3%
Carpooled
7.87%
Worked At Home
3.45%

In 2018, the most common method of travel for workers in Alabama was Drove Alone (86.3%), followed by those who Carpooled (7.87%) and those who Worked At Home (3.45%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Alabama distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Alabama have 2 cars, followed by 3 cars.

Health

90.6% of the population of Alabama has health coverage, with 44.7% on employee plans, 17.1% on Medicaid, 12.6% on Medicare, 13.8% on non-group plans, and 2.4% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in Alabama was $7,281 in 2014. This is a 4.07% increase from the previous year ($6,996).

Primary care physicians in Alabama see 1535 patients per year on average, which represents a 1.1% decrease from the previous year (1552 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 2139 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 1185 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Greene County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (21.1%). Additionally, Macon County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (47.8%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

1,535 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Alabama

Primary care physicians in Alabama see an average of 1,535 patients per year. This represents a 1.1% decrease from the previous year (1,552 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Alabama in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Alabama.

$7,281

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in Alabama

$3,641

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$5,042

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$10,267

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Alabama (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 4.07%, from $6,996 to $7,281.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

9.37%

Uninsured

44.7%

Employer Coverage

17.1%

Medicaid

12.6%

Medicare

13.8%

Non-Group

2.4%

Military or VA

Between 2016 and 2017, the percent of uninsured citizens in Alabama grew by 2.97% from 9.1% to 9.37%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Alabama changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.