Sauk County, WI

County

Add Comparison

2020 Population

64,152

0.36% 1-year growth

US Senator

Ron Johnson

Republican Party

US Senator

Tammy Baldwin

Democratic Party

2020 Median Age

0.243% 1-year decrease

2020 Poverty Rate

8.94%

9.66% 1-year decrease

2020 Median Household Income

$62,808

4.78% 1-year growth

2020 Median Property Value

$185,000

1.54% 1-year growth

2020 Employed Population

34,197

0.196% 1-year growth

About

In 2020, Sauk County, WI had a population of 64.2k people with a median age of 41 and a median household income of $62,808. Between 2019 and 2020 the population of Sauk County, WI grew from 63,922 to 64,152, a 0.36% increase and its median household income grew from $59,943 to $62,808, a 4.78% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Sauk County, WI are White (Non-Hispanic) (90.6%), White (Hispanic) (2.59%), Other (Hispanic) (1.85%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (1.71%), and American Indian & Alaska Native (Non-Hispanic) (1.16%).

None of the households in Sauk County, WI reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

97.9% of the residents in Sauk County, WI are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Sauk County, WI are Panache Academy of Beauty (42 degrees awarded in 2020).

In 2020, the median property value in Sauk County, WI was $185,000, and the homeownership rate was 70%. Most people in Sauk County, WI drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 22.2 minutes. The average car ownership in Sauk County, WI was 2 cars per household.

Sauk County, WI borders Columbia County, WI, Dane County, WI, Iowa County, WI, Juneau County, WI, Richland County, WI, and Vernon County, WI.

About the photo: Barns at Taliesin, Spring Green, WI

Photo by Keith Ewing

United States Wisconsin Baraboo, WI

Diversity

Sauk County, WI is home to a population of 64.2k people, from which 97.9% are citizens. As of 2020, 3.22% of Sauk County, WI residents were born outside of the country (2.07k people).

In 2020, there were 34.9 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (58.1k people) in Sauk County, WI than any other race or ethnicity. There were 1.66k White (Hispanic) and 1.19k Other (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Sauk County, WI

White (Non-Hispanic)
58.1k ± 82
White (Hispanic)
1.66k ± 294
Other (Hispanic)
1.19k ± 274

5.34%

Hispanic Population

3.43k people

5.34% of the people in Sauk County, WI are hispanic (3.43k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Sauk County, WI as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

3.22%

2020 Foreign-Born Population

2.07k people

3.05%

2019 Foreign-Born Population

1.95k people

As of 2020, 3.22% of Sauk County, WI residents (2.07k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.5%. In 2019, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Sauk County, WI was 3.05%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Sauk County, WI compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.4

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 4.2

In 2020, the median age of all people in Sauk County, WI was 41. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 41, were generally older than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 40. But people in Sauk County, WI are getting getting younger. In 2019, the average age of all Sauk County, WI residents was 41.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Wisconsin.

Most Common Origin

Mexico
83,497 ± 7,043 people
India
23,435 ± 3,751 people
China
16,997 ± 3,196 people

In 2020, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Wisconsin was Mexico, the natal country of 83,497 Wisconsin residents, followed by India with 23,435 and China with 16,997.

Citizenship

97.9%

2020 Citizenship

98.1%

2019 Citizenship

As of 2020, 97.9% of Sauk County, WI residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2019, the percentage of US citizens in Sauk County, WI was 98.1%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Sauk County, WI compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
1,350 ± 166
Gulf War (2001-)
569 ± 185
Korea
346 ± 89

Sauk County, WI has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 2.37 times greater than any other conflict.

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for Wisconsin. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in Wisconsin, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

View Full Dashboard

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Wisconsin.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Wisconsin (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

View Full Dashboard

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Wisconsin.

Y-Axis

8.45%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between May 2020 and May 2021

As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in Wisconsin. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Wisconsin.

View Full Dashboard

Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Wisconsin.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of Wisconsin across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

View Full Dashboard

Economy

Median household income in Sauk County, WI is $62,808. In 2020, the tract with the highest Median Household Income in Sauk County, WI was Census Tract 2 with a value of $72,587, followed by Census Tract 7 and Census Tract 5, with respective values of $71,949 and $69,265.

Males in Wisconsin have an average income that is 1.33 times higher than the average income of females, which is $50,335. The income inequality in Wisconsin (measured using the Gini index) is 0.445, which is lower than than the national average.

The economy of Sauk County, WI employs 34.2k people. The largest industries in Sauk County, WI are Manufacturing (5,410 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (4,750 people), and Retail Trade (4,156 people), and the highest paying industries are Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction ($83,401), Utilities ($66,964), and Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($56,375).

Wages

Median Household Income

$62,808

2020 value

± $1,745

4.78%

1 Year Growth

± 3.81%

Households in Sauk County, WI have a median annual income of $62,808, which is less than the median annual income of $64,994 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $59,943 in 2019, which represents a 4.78% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Sauk County, WI compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Sex in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Wisconsin.

$67,178

Average Male Salary in Wisconsin

± $1,422

$50,335

Average Female Salary in Wisconsin

± $1,056

In 2020, full-time male employees in Wisconsin made 1.33 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the sex-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Wisconsin by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Wisconsin.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in Wisconsin

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
$55,291 ± $41,825
Asian
$55,086 ± $5,855
White
$51,777 ± $864

In 2020 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Wisconsin workers was Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. These workers were paid 1 times more than Asian workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in Wisconsin.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Wisconsin by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Sauk County, WI is from Wisconsin.

0.445

2020 Wage GINI in Wisconsin

0.447

2019 Wage GINI in Wisconsin

In 2020, the income inequality in Wisconsin was 0.445 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.51% decline from 2019 to 2020, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Wisconsin was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Wisconsin in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Wisconsin across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 2
Census Tract 7
Census Tract 5

In 2020, the tract with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Sauk County, WI was Census Tract 2 with a value of $72,587, followed by Census Tract 7 and Census Tract 5, with respective values of $71,949 and $69,265.

The following map shows all of the tracts in Sauk County, WI colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Sex

Females 35 - 44

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

8.94% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Sauk County, WI (5.65k out of 63.1k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.8%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 35 - 44, followed by Females 6 - 11 and then Females 18 - 24.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

White
5,051 ± 452
Hispanic
355 ± 118
Two Or More
322 ± 140

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Sauk County, WI is White, followed by Hispanic and Two Or More.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

34.2k

2020 Value

± 1,078

0.196%

1 Year growth

± 4.26%

From 2019 to 2020, employment in Sauk County, WI grew at a rate of 0.196%, from 34.1k employees to 34.2k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Sauk County, WI, are Management Occupations (3,614 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (3,493 people), and Production Occupations (3,232 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Sauk County, WI.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Sauk County, WI, by number of employees, are Management Occupations (3,614 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (3,493 people), and Production Occupations (3,232 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, Sauk County, WI has an unusually high number of residents working as Farming, Fishing, & Forestry Occupations (2.32 times higher than expected), Production Occupations (1.69 times), and Material Moving Occupations (1.3 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Sauk County, WI, by median earnings, are Architecture & Engineering Occupations ($69,848), Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners & Other Technical Occupations ($68,384), and Computer, Engineering, & Science Occupations ($67,726).

Industries

Employment by Industries

34.2k

2020 Value

± 1,078

0.196%

1 Year growth

± 4.26%

From 2019 to 2020, employment in Sauk County, WI grew at a rate of 0.196%, from 34.1k employees to 34.2k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Sauk County, WI, are Manufacturing (5,410 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (4,750 people), and Retail Trade (4,156 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Sauk County, WI, though some of these residents may live in Sauk County, WI and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Sauk County, WI, by number of employees, are Manufacturing (5,410 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (4,750 people), and Retail Trade (4,156 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, Sauk County, WI has an unusually high number of Management of Companies & Enterprises (3.18 times higher than expected), Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting (2.72 times), and Arts, Entertainment, & Recreation (1.62 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Sauk County, WI, by median earnings, are Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction ($83,401), Utilities ($66,964), and Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($56,375).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Wisconsin to other states, or from other states to Wisconsin.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2020, the top outbound Wisconsin product (by dollars) was Other foodstuffs with $42.6B, followed by Mixed freight ($37.6B) and Machinery ($37.1B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Wisconsin products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Wisconsin.

$365B

2020 Value in Wisconsin

$615B

Projected 2050 Value in Wisconsin

68.3% growth

In 2020, total outbound Wisconsin trade was $365B. This is expected to increase 68.3% to $615B by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Wisconsin trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Wisconsin to other states, or from other states to Wisconsin.

Most Common Trade Partners

Illinois
$36.6B
Minnesota
$18.2B
Michigan
$17.7B

In 2020, the top outbound Wisconsin domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Illinois with $36.6B, followed by Minnesota with $18.2B and Michigan and $17.7B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Wisconsin shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Sauk County, WI went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 50% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (48.3%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.22%). The most partisan county was Menominee County, WI with 81.9% of the vote going to Joseph R Biden Jr. running for the Democratic Party.

Ron Johnson and Tammy Baldwin are the senators currently representing the state of Wisconsin. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Wisconsin is currently represented by 8 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

2020 Election Results

Joseph R Biden Jr. (50%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (48.3%)
Republican Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.22%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Sauk County, WI went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 50% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (48.3%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.22%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Sauk County, WI for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of Wisconsin.

Joseph R Biden Jr.

Popular Vote for Sauk County, WI

50% for the Democratic Party

Most Partisan Counties in Wisconsin

Menominee County, WI
81.9% for Joseph R Biden Jr. (Democratic Party)
Dane County, WI
75.5% for Joseph R Biden Jr. (Democratic Party)
Florence County, WI
72.6% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)

In the 2020 presidential election, the most partisan county in Wisconsin was Menominee County, WI with 81.9% of the vote going to Joseph R Biden Jr. running for the Democratic Party.

The following map shows the counties in Wisconsin colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from Wisconsin

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Wisconsin.

Ron Johnson

Senator from Wisconsin

Assumed office on January 3, 2011

Tammy Baldwin

Senator from Wisconsin

Assumed office on January 3, 2013

Ron Johnson and Tammy Baldwin are the senators currently representing Wisconsin.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Wisconsin over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from Wisconsin

Wisconsin is currently represented by 8 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Wisconsin have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2020, universities in Sauk County, WI awarded 42 degrees. The student population of Sauk County, WI is skewed towards women, with 0 male students and 31 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Sauk County, WI are White (37 and 88.1%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (3 and 7.14%), Black or African American (1 and 2.38%), and American Indian or Alaska Native (1 and 2.38%).

The largest universities in Sauk County, WI by number of degrees awarded are Panache Academy of Beauty (42 and 100%).

The most popular majors in Sauk County, WI are Aesthetician & Skin Care Specialist (16 and 38.1%), General Cosmetology (12 and 28.6%), and Nail Specialist & Manicurist (8 and 19%).

Concentrations

Most Common

General Cosmetology
12 degree-majorss awarded
Barbering
3 degree-majorss awarded
N/A
N/A degree-majorss awarded

In 2020, the most common concentation for 1 to 2 Year Postsecondary Certificate recipients in Sauk County, WI was General Cosmetology with 12 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a 1 to 2 Year Postsecondary Certificate from schools in Sauk County, WI according to their major.

Universities

Panache Academy of Beauty

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

42 degrees awarded

In 2020, the Sauk County, WI institution with the largest number of graduating students was Panache Academy of Beauty with 42 degrees awarded.

Student Sex for Common Institutions

Degrees Awarded to Men

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2020, 2 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Sauk County, WI, which is 0.05 times less than the 40 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the sex disparity between the institutions in Sauk County, WI by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
37 degrees awarded
Hispanic or Latino
3 degrees awarded
Black or African American
1 degrees awarded

In 2020 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions in Sauk County, WI was White students. These 37 degrees mean that there were 12.3 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Hispanic or Latino, with 3 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Sauk County, WI was $185,000 in 2020, which is 0.805 times smaller than the national average of $229,800. Between 2019 and 2020 the median property value increased from $182,200 to $185,000, a 1.54% increase. The homeownership rate in Sauk County, WI is 70%, which is higher than the national average of 64.4%. People in Sauk County, WI have an average commute time of 22.2 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Sauk County, WI is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$185,000

2020 Median

± $4,757

$182,200

2019 Median

± $3,993

In 2020, the median property value in Sauk County, WI grew to to $185,000 from the previous year's value of $182,200.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Sauk County, WI compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Sauk County, WI the largest share of households have a property value in the $200k - $250k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$62,808

Median Household Income

± $1,745

26.8k

Number of Households

± 949

In 2020, the median household income of the 26.8k households in Sauk County, WI grew to $62,808 from the previous year's value of $59,943.

The following chart displays the households in Sauk County, WI distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Property Taxes

$3k+

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Sauk County, WI distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Sauk County, WI the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

Rent vs Own

70%

2020 Homeownership

68.9%

2019 Homeownership

In 2020, 70% of the housing units in Sauk County, WI were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 68.9%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is higher than the national average of 64.4%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Sauk County, WI compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

22.2 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Sauk County, WI have a shorter commute time (22.2 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.9 minutes). Additionally, 1.94% of the workforce in Sauk County, WI have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Sauk County, WI compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2020

Drove Alone (81.9%)
Carpooled (8.27%)
Worked At Home (4.92%)

In 2020, 81.9% of workers in Sauk County, WI drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (8.27%) and those who worked at home (4.92%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Sauk County, WI distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Sauk County, WI have 2 cars, followed by false.

Health

93.6% of the population of Sauk County, WI has health coverage, with 53.3% on employee plans, 11.9% on Medicaid, 13.1% on Medicare, 13.9% on non-group plans, and 1.39% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in Wisconsin was $8,702 in 2014. This is a 6.26% increase from the previous year ($8,189).

Primary care physicians in Sauk County, WI see 1004 patients per year on average, which represents a 5.13% increase from the previous year (955 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1499 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 586 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Adams County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (18.2%). Additionally, Columbia County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (45.7%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

1,004 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Sauk County, WI

Primary care physicians in Sauk County, WI see an average of 1,004 patients per year. This represents a 5.13% increase from the previous year (955 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Sauk County, WI in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Wisconsin.

$8,702

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in Wisconsin

$5,159

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$7,057

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$9,608

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Wisconsin (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 6.26%, from $8,189 to $8,702.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

6.43%

Uninsured

53.3%

Employer Coverage

11.9%

Medicaid

13.1%

Medicare

13.9%

Non-Group

1.39%

Military or VA

Between 2019 and 2020, the percent of uninsured citizens in Sauk County, WI grew by 5.98% from 6.06% to 6.43%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Sauk County, WI changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.