North Dakota

State

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2024 Population
784,841
US Senator
John Hoeven
Republican Party
US Senator
Kevin Cramer
Republican Party
2024 Median Age
35.9
0.56% 1-year increase
2024 Poverty Rate
10.8%
2.22% 1-year increase
2024 Median Household Income
$76,657
0.932% 1-year growth
2024 Median Property Value
$249,900
3.65% 1-year growth
2023 Employed Population
386,794
0.0228% 1-year growth

About

6.72% of the households in North Dakota reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

97.2% of the residents in North Dakota are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in North Dakota are University of North Dakota (3,596 degrees awarded in 2023), North Dakota State University-Main Campus (2,984 degrees), and Bismarck State College (1,033 degrees).

In 2024, the median property value in North Dakota was $249,900, and the homeownership rate was 62.9%.

Most people in North Dakota drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 17.9 minutes. The average car ownership in North Dakota was 2 cars per household.

North Dakota borders Minnesota, Montana, and South Dakota.

Photo by Jasperdo
United States

Population & Diversity

North Dakota is home to a population of 785k people, from which 97.2% are citizens. As of 2024, 4.51% of North Dakota residents were born outside of the country (35.4k people).

In 2024, there were 19.3 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (642k people) in North Dakota than any other race or ethnicity. There were 33.2k American Indian & Alaska Native (Non-Hispanic) and 25.9k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary language in households in North Dakota are Spanish (16,618 households), German (4,445 households), and Tagalog (Incl. Filipino) (2,632 households).

Population & Diversity

Population by Location

Sex *(USED)
RACE/ETHNICITY
The 3 PUMAS with the highest resident population
  1. Cass County--Fargo City PUMA, ND
    189,050
  2. Bismarck & Mandan Cities PUMA, ND
    132,224
  3. Northeast North Dakota--Grand Forks City PUMA, ND
    117,971

In 2023 there were 779,361 residents in North Dakota.

The Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMA) with the highest resident population were Cass County--Fargo City PUMA, ND (189,050 people), Bismarck & Mandan Cities PUMA, ND (132,224 people), and Northeast North Dakota--Grand Forks City PUMA, ND (117,971 people).

The following map shows all of the states in North Dakota colored by the resident population.

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Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY
380,008
Women
48.8%
399,353
Men
51.2%

The resident population of United States in 2023 was 779,361 inhabitants, with 51.2% men, and 48.8% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in North Dakota.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

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Citizenship

97.2%
2024 Citizenship
97.4%
2023 Citizenship

As of 2024, 97.2% of North Dakota residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.2%. In 2023, the percentage of US citizens in North Dakota was 97.4%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in North Dakota compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in North Dakota
  1. White (Non-Hispanic)
    642k ± 1.08k
  2. American Indian & Alaska Native (Non-Hispanic)
    33.2k ± 845
  3. Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
    25.9k ± 808
4.66%
Hispanic Population
36.6k people

In 2024, there were 19.3 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (642k people) in North Dakota than any other race or ethnicity. There were 33.2k American Indian & Alaska Native (Non-Hispanic) and 25.9k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

4.66% of the people in North Dakota are hispanic (36.6k people).

The following chart shows the 8 races represented in North Dakota as a share of the total population.

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Global Diversity

Most Common Origin
  1. Mexico
    3,032 ± 1,349 people
  2. Canada
    2,767 ± 1,289 people
  3. Philippines
    2,721 ± 1,278 people

In 2023, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of North Dakota was Mexico, the natal country of 3,032 North Dakota residents, followed by Canada with 2,767 and Philippines with 2,721.

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Foreign-Born Population

4.51%
2024 Foreign-Born Population
35.4k people
4.27%
2023 Foreign-Born Population
33.3k people

As of 2024, 4.51% of North Dakota residents (35.4k people) were born outside of the United States, which is approximately the same as the national average of 14%. In 2023, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in North Dakota was 4.27%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in North Dakota compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages
  1. Spanish
    16,618 households (2.26%)
  2. German
    4,445 households (0.605%)
  3. Tagalog (Incl. Filipino)
    2,632 households (0.358%)

6.72% of the households in North Dakota reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 22.3%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2024, the most common non-English language spoken in households in North Dakota was Spanish. 2.26% of the households in North Dakota reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

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Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period
  1. Gulf War (2001-)
    13,055 ± 897
  2. Vietnam
    12,387 ± 685
  3. Gulf War (1990s)
    6,165 ± 604

North Dakota has a large population of military personnel who served in Gulf War (2001-), 1.05 times greater than any other conflict.

The chart shows the distribution of veterans by conflict in North Dakota.

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Economy

The economy of North Dakota employs 387k people. In 2023, the largest industries in North Dakota were Construction (28,354 people), Elementary & secondary schools (25,643 people), and General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (21,144 people), and the highest paying industries were Oil & gas extraction ($139,149), Professional & commercial equipment & supplies merchant wholesalers ($134,206), and Petroleum refining ($134,153).

Males in North Dakota have an average income that is 1.37 times higher than the average income of females, which is $56,672. The income inequality in North Dakota (measured using the Gini index) is 0.432, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure
RACE/ETHNICITY
180,186
Women
46.6%
206,608
Men
53.4%

The workforce of North Dakota in 2023 was 386,794 people, with 46.6% woman, and 53.4% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in North Dakota.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

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Workforce and Wage by Location

Measure
RACE/ETHNICITY

In 2023 there were 386,794 people working in North Dakota. The Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMA) that concentrated the largest workforce were Cass County--Fargo City PUMA, ND (105,946 people), Bismarck & Mandan Cities PUMA, ND (64,950 people), and Northeast North Dakota--Grand Forks City PUMA, ND (59,814 people).

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in North Dakota colored by workforce or average wage.

With the upper buttons you can see the yearly change and add a filter by race.

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Occupations

387k
2023 Value
0.0228%
1 Year growth
± 0.0228%

From 2022 to 2023, employment in North Dakota grew at a rate of 0.0228%, from 387k employees to 387k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in North Dakota, are Registered nurses (12,436 people), Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (10,814 people), and Other managers (9,230 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of North Dakota.

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Unemployment Insurance Claims

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in North Dakota (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Industries

Employment by Industries

387k
2023 Value
0.0228%
1 Year growth
± 0.0228%

From 2022 to 2023, employment in North Dakota grew at a rate of 0.0228%, from 387k employees to 387k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in North Dakota, are Construction (28,354 people), Elementary & secondary schools (25,643 people), and General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (21,144 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of North Dakota, though some of these residents may live in North Dakota and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

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Median Earnings by Industry

$57,465
Median earning men ± $908
$41,179
Median earning women ± $635

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2024 are Public Administration ($78,230), Transportation & Warehousing, & Utilities ($71,579), and Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining ($70,853).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2024 are Public Administration ($56,963), Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($55,953), and Wholesale Trade ($51,200).

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Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for North Dakota.
Y-Axis
2.83%
Year-over-year growth
Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 428k people employed in North Dakota. This represents a 2.83% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

Right after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during April 2020, a general dip can be seen across industry sectors, resulting in an overall decline in employment by 12.3%.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in North Dakota.

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Establishments by Size

The industries with the most establishments
  1. 1,923
    Construction
  2. 1,732
    Other Services (except Public Administration)
  3. 1,239
    Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

The visualization shows the distribution of establishments by industry and by size according to the number of employees.

Depending on the option selected, the visualization shows the number of employees or number of establishments and its share across establishment sizes.

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Payroll by Industry Sector

The industries with the highest total annual payroll
  1. $3.83M
    Health Care and Social Assistance
  2. $2M
    Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction
  3. $1.83M
    Construction

The chart shows the total annual payroll and the average annual payroll by industry.

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Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from North Dakota to other states, or from other states to North Dakota.
Top Domestic Production in Dollars
  1. Crude petroleum
    $80.4B
  2. Coal-n.e.c.
    $10.9B
  3. Cereal grains
    $10.7B

In 2024, the top outbound North Dakota product (by dollars) was Crude petroleum with $80.4B, followed by Coal-n.e.c. ($10.9B) and Cereal grains ($10.7B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound North Dakota products.

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Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for North Dakota.
$167B
2024 Value in North Dakota
$278B
Projected 2050 Value in North Dakota
66.4% growth

In 2024, total outbound North Dakota trade was $167B. This is expected to increase 66.4% to $278B by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound North Dakota trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

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Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from North Dakota to other states, or from other states to North Dakota.
Most Common Trade Partners
  1. Illinois
    $32.8B
  2. Texas
    $18.5B
  3. Minnesota
    $18B

In 2024, the top outbound North Dakota domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Illinois with $32.8B, followed by Texas with $18.5B and Minnesota and $18B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that North Dakota shares with each state (excluding itself).

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Education

In 2023, universities in North Dakota awarded 13,131 degrees. The student population of North Dakota in 2023 is skewed towards women, with 23,964 male students and 27,906 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in North Dakota are White (10,124 and 80.8%), Hispanic or Latino (565 and 4.51%), American Indian or Alaska Native (564 and 4.5%), and Two or More Races (512 and 4.08%).

The largest universities in North Dakota by number of degrees awarded are University of North Dakota (3,596 and 27.4%), North Dakota State University-Main Campus (2,984 and 22.7%), and Bismarck State College (1,033 and 7.87%).

The most popular majors in North Dakota are Registered Nursing (1,023 and 7.79%), Liberal Arts & Sciences (785 and 5.98%), and General Business Administration & Management (711 and 5.41%).

The median tuition costs in North Dakota are $16,066 for private four year colleges, and $6,619 and $8,208 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

University
Measure

In 2023 in North Dakota, the percentage of applicants admitted was 83.6%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 34.2%. The number of students enrolled in 2023 was 51,870 (46.2% men and 53.8% women).

The map shows the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

The line chart below shows the annual evolution of the indicator by gender.

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Enrollments by Gender and Races

Universities

In 2023 there were 51,870 students enrolled in North Dakota, 46.2% men and 53.8% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 37,683 records, of which 54.4% were women and 45.6% men.

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Completions

Concentrations

Most Common
  1. General Psychology
    280 degrees awarded
  2. Registered Nursing
    584 degrees awarded
  3. General Business Administration & Management
    399 degrees awarded

In 2023, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in North Dakota was General Psychology with 280 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in North Dakota according to their major.

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Universities

Gender
Race
Largest Universities by degrees awarded
  1. University of North Dakota
    3,596 degrees awarded
  2. North Dakota State University-Main Campus
    2,984 degrees awarded
  3. Bismarck State College
    1,033 degrees awarded

In 2023, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was University of North Dakota with 3,596 degrees awarded.

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Student Diversity

University

In 2023, 5,592 men were awarded degrees from institutions in North Dakota, which is 0.742 times less than the 7,539 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2023, the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 10,124 degrees mean that there were 17.9 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Hispanic or Latino, with 565 degrees awarded.

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Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

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Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Universities

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($16,066) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2023.

Private for-profit, 4-year or above ($1,775) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2023.

Public, 4-year or above ($1,100) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

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Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2023, 0.408% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.55% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

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Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of North Dakota in 2023 were High School or Equivalent (154k), Some college (149k), and Bachelors Degree (125k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

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Housing & Living

The median property value in North Dakota was $249,900 in 2024, which is 0.751 times smaller than the national average of $332,700. Between 2023 and 2024 the median property value increased from $241,100 to $249,900, a 3.65% increase. The homeownership rate in North Dakota is 62.9%, which is lower than the national average of 65.2%.

People in North Dakota have an average commute time of 17.9 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in North Dakota is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

In 2025, 12% of the population was living with severe housing problems in North Dakota. From 2014 to 2025, the indicator grew 0.875%.

Housing

Property

$249,900
Median Property Value 2024
±$2,909
$208,084
Median Property Taxes
±$3,235

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In North Dakota the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in North Dakota compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

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Rent vs Own

62.9%
Homeownership
2024
68.3%
Homeowners with Mortgage
2024

In 2024, 62.9% of the housing units in North Dakota were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 63.4%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in North Dakota compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

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Equity

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.
$76,657
Median Household Income
± $1,163
331k
Number of Households
± 4,340

In 2024, the median household income of the 331k households in North Dakota grew to $76,657 from the previous year's value of $75,949.

The following chart displays the households in North Dakota distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

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Wage Distribution

0.432
2023 Wage GINI in North Dakota
0.436
2022 Wage GINI in North Dakota

In 2023, the income inequality in North Dakota was 0.432 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.922% decline from 2022 to 2023, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for North Dakota was lower than than the national average of 0.476. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in North Dakota in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in North Dakota across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

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Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2024
  1. Drove Alone (77.9%)
  2. Carpooled (8.83%)
  3. Worked At Home (8.13%)

In 2024, 77.9% of workers in North Dakota drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (8.83%) and those who worked at home (8.13%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

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Commute Time

17.9 minutes
Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in North Dakota have a shorter commute time (17.9 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.4 minutes). Additionally, 1.99% of the workforce in North Dakota have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in North Dakota compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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Car Ownership

2 cars
Average Number

The following chart displays the households in North Dakota distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in North Dakota have 2 cars.

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Poverty

Severe Housing Problems

In 2025, 12% of the population was living with severe housing problems in North Dakota. From 2014 to 2025, the indicator grew 0.875%.

The map show the severe housing problems rate in the counties of California. The graph underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the percentage of the population living with severe housing problems.

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Poverty & Diversity

10.8% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in North Dakota (81.9k out of 757k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.5%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 18 - 24, followed by Males 18 - 24 and then Females 25 - 34.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in North Dakota is White, followed by Native American and Two Or More.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

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Children in Poverty

In 2025, 10.1% of the children was living in poverty in North Dakota. From 2014 to 2025, the indicator declined 3.6%.

The map show the children in poverty rate in the counties of California. The graph underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the percentage of children in poverty.

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Security

Crimes & Accidents

Indicator

In 2022, the number of reported violent crimes offenses per 100,000 population was 258 in North Dakota. From 2014 to 2022, the indicator grew 31.8 per 100,000 population.

The following map shows the number of reported violent crimes offenses per 100,000 population.

The graph underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in North Dakota.

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Health

93.5% of the population of North Dakota has health coverage, with 54.6% on employee plans, 9.63% on Medicaid, 12% on Medicare, 14.9% on non-group plans, and 2.39% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in North Dakota see 1,294 patients per year on average, which represents a 0% change from the previous year (1,294 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1425 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 420 patients per year.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 50.9% were men and 49.1% were women.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

1,294 to 1
Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in North Dakota

Primary care physicians in North Dakota see an average of 1,294 patients per year. This represents a 0% change from the previous year (1,294 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in North Dakota in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

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Health Care Diversity

In 2024, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 25.5% under 18 years, 23.5% between 18 and 34 years, 34.9% between 35 and 64 years, and 16.1% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 50.9% were men and 49.1% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

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Uninsured People

6.47%
Uninsured
54.6%
Employer Coverage
9.63%
Medicaid
12%
Medicare
14.9%
Non-Group
2.39%
Military or VA

Between 2023 and 2024, the percent of uninsured citizens in North Dakota declined by 3.37% from 6.69% to 6.47%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in North Dakota changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.

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Health Indicators

Health Outcomes

Indicator

In 2025, the number of deaths among residents under age 18 per 100,000 population was 53.4 in North Dakota.

The  map shows the distribution of the indicator in the counties of North Dakota and the graphic underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in North Dakota.

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Health Behaviors

Indicator

In 2025, the percentage of the adult population (age 18 and older) that reports a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 (age-adjusted) was 36.2% in North Dakota.

The  map shows the distribution of the indicator in the counties of North Dakota and the graphic underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in North Dakota.

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Clinical Care

Indicator

In 2025, the percentage of population under age 65 without health insurance was 7.2% in North Dakota.

The  map shows the distribution of the indicator in the counties of North Dakota and the graphic underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in North Dakota.

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