Minnesota

State

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2024 Population
5.74M
US Senator
Amy Klobuchar
Democratic(DFL) Party
US Senator
Tina Smith
Democratic(DFL) Party
2024 Median Age
38.8
0.518% 1-year increase
2024 Poverty Rate
9.3%
1.12% 1-year increase
2024 Median Household Income
$89,062
1.72% 1-year growth
2024 Median Property Value
$329,300
7.79% 1-year growth
2023 Employed Population
2.85M
1% 1-year growth

About

12.4% of the households in Minnesota reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

96.4% of the residents in Minnesota are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Minnesota are Capella University (16,231 degrees awarded in 2023), University of Minnesota-Twin Cities (13,831 degrees), and Walden University (12,291 degrees).

In 2024, the median property value in Minnesota was $329,300, and the homeownership rate was 72.2%.

Most people in Minnesota drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 22.7 minutes. The average car ownership in Minnesota was 2 cars per household.

Minnesota borders Iowa, Michigan, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.

Photo by imagenusphoto
United States

Population & Diversity

Minnesota is home to a population of 5.74M people, from which 96.4% are citizens. As of 2024, 8.57% of Minnesota residents were born outside of the country (492k people).

In 2024, there were 10.9 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (4.36M people) in Minnesota than any other race or ethnicity. There were 399k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 292k Asian (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary language in households in Minnesota are Spanish (227,636 households), Amharic, Somali, or Other Afro-Asiatic Languages (97,586 households), and Hmong (71,858 households).

Population & Diversity

Population by Location

Sex *(USED)
RACE/ETHNICITY
The 3 PUMAS with the highest resident population
  1. Olmsted County--Rochester City PUMA, MN
    163,518
  2. Scott County PUMA, MN
    152,772
  3. Le Sueur, Rice, Steele & Waseca Counties PUMA, MN
    151,966

In 2023 there were 5,713,716 residents in Minnesota.

The Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMA) with the highest resident population were Olmsted County--Rochester City PUMA, MN (163,518 people), Scott County PUMA, MN (152,772 people), and Le Sueur, Rice, Steele & Waseca Counties PUMA, MN (151,966 people).

The following map shows all of the states in Minnesota colored by the resident population.

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Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY
2,850,630
Women
49.9%
2,863,086
Men
50.1%

The resident population of United States in 2023 was 5,713,716 inhabitants, with 50.1% men, and 49.9% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in Minnesota.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

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Citizenship

96.4%
2024 Citizenship
96.4%
2023 Citizenship

As of 2024, 96.4% of Minnesota residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.2%. In 2023, the percentage of US citizens in Minnesota was 96.4%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Minnesota compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Minnesota
  1. White (Non-Hispanic)
    4.36M ± 2.84k
  2. Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
    399k ± 4.41k
  3. Asian (Non-Hispanic)
    292k ± 2.21k
6.37%
Hispanic Population
366k people

In 2024, there were 10.9 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (4.36M people) in Minnesota than any other race or ethnicity. There were 399k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 292k Asian (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

6.37% of the people in Minnesota are hispanic (366k people).

The following chart shows the 8 races represented in Minnesota as a share of the total population.

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Global Diversity

Most Common Origin
  1. Mexico
    58,764 ± 5,921 people
  2. Somalia
    36,253 ± 4,660 people
  3. India
    31,836 ± 4,368 people

In 2023, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Minnesota was Mexico, the natal country of 58,764 Minnesota residents, followed by Somalia with 36,253 and India with 31,836.

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Foreign-Born Population

8.57%
2024 Foreign-Born Population
492k people
8.45%
2023 Foreign-Born Population
483k people

As of 2024, 8.57% of Minnesota residents (492k people) were born outside of the United States, which is approximately the same as the national average of 14%. In 2023, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Minnesota was 8.45%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Minnesota compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages
  1. Spanish
    227,636 households (4.21%)
  2. Amharic, Somali, or Other Afro-Asiatic Languages
    97,586 households (1.81%)
  3. Hmong
    71,858 households (1.33%)

12.4% of the households in Minnesota reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 22.3%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2024, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Minnesota was Spanish. 4.21% of the households in Minnesota reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

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Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period
  1. Vietnam
    95,019 ± 1,614
  2. Gulf War (2001-)
    53,119 ± 1,690
  3. Gulf War (1990s)
    30,313 ± 1,238

Minnesota has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.79 times greater than any other conflict.

The chart shows the distribution of veterans by conflict in Minnesota.

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Economy

The economy of Minnesota employs 2.85M people. In 2023, the largest industries in Minnesota were Elementary & secondary schools (176,639 people), Construction (170,960 people), and General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (136,218 people), and the highest paying industries were Securities, commodities, funds, trusts & other financial investments ($140,211), Nondepository credit & related activities ($134,471), and Paint, coating, & adhesive manufacturing ($133,981).

Males in Minnesota have an average income that is 1.26 times higher than the average income of females, which is $71,457. The income inequality in Minnesota (measured using the Gini index) is 0.454, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure
RACE/ETHNICITY
1,373,179
Women
48.1%
1,481,263
Men
51.9%

The workforce of Minnesota in 2023 was 2,854,442 people, with 48.1% woman, and 51.9% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Minnesota.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

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Workforce and Wage by Location

Measure
RACE/ETHNICITY

In 2023 there were 2,854,442 people working in Minnesota. The Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMA) that concentrated the largest workforce were Olmsted County--Rochester City PUMA, MN (84,919 people), Scott County PUMA, MN (80,516 people), and Le Sueur, Rice, Steele & Waseca Counties PUMA, MN (73,130 people).

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Minnesota colored by workforce or average wage.

With the upper buttons you can see the yearly change and add a filter by race.

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Occupations

2.85M
2023 Value
1%
1 Year growth
± 1%

From 2022 to 2023, employment in Minnesota grew at a rate of 1%, from 2.83M employees to 2.85M employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Minnesota, are Other managers (78,921 people), Registered nurses (74,428 people), and Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (58,438 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Minnesota.

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Unemployment Insurance Claims

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Minnesota (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Industries

Employment by Industries

2.85M
2023 Value
1%
1 Year growth
± 1%

From 2022 to 2023, employment in Minnesota grew at a rate of 1%, from 2.83M employees to 2.85M employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Minnesota, are Elementary & secondary schools (176,639 people), Construction (170,960 people), and General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (136,218 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Minnesota, though some of these residents may live in Minnesota and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

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Median Earnings by Industry

$61,827
Median earning men ± $239
$47,344
Median earning women ± $262

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2024 are Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($97,429), Public Administration ($81,423), and Professional, Scientific, & Management, & Administrative & Waste Management Services ($80,368).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2024 are Public Administration ($67,148), Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($67,096), and Professional, Scientific, & Management, & Administrative & Waste Management Services ($60,874).

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Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Minnesota.
Y-Axis
2.26%
Year-over-year growth
Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 2.93M people employed in Minnesota. This represents a 2.26% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

Right after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during April 2020, a general dip can be seen across industry sectors, resulting in an overall decline in employment by 13.4%.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Minnesota.

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Establishments by Size

The industries with the most establishments
  1. 12,666
    Construction
  2. 11,574
    Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
  3. 9,563
    Other Services (except Public Administration)

The visualization shows the distribution of establishments by industry and by size according to the number of employees.

Depending on the option selected, the visualization shows the number of employees or number of establishments and its share across establishment sizes.

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Payroll by Industry Sector

The industries with the highest total annual payroll
  1. $25.3M
    Health Care and Social Assistance
  2. $22.8M
    Manufacturing
  3. $19M
    Finance and Insurance

The chart shows the total annual payroll and the average annual payroll by industry.

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Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Minnesota to other states, or from other states to Minnesota.
Top Domestic Production in Dollars
  1. Electronics
    $28.6B
  2. Mixed freight
    $27.9B
  3. Precision instruments
    $23.6B

In 2024, the top outbound Minnesota product (by dollars) was Electronics with $28.6B, followed by Mixed freight ($27.9B) and Precision instruments ($23.6B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Minnesota products.

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Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Minnesota.
$347B
2024 Value in Minnesota
$636B
Projected 2050 Value in Minnesota
83.4% growth

In 2024, total outbound Minnesota trade was $347B. This is expected to increase 83.4% to $636B by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Minnesota trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

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Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Minnesota to other states, or from other states to Minnesota.
Most Common Trade Partners
  1. Wisconsin
    $26.7B
  2. Iowa
    $15.8B
  3. Illinois
    $14.2B

In 2024, the top outbound Minnesota domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Wisconsin with $26.7B, followed by Iowa with $15.8B and Illinois and $14.2B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Minnesota shares with each state (excluding itself).

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Civics

In the 2024 presidential election, the popular vote in Minnesota went to Kamala Harris with 50.9% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (46.7%), followed by Robert Kennedy (0.738%).

The most partisan county was Morrison County, MN with 75.8% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

Amy Klobuchar and Tina Smith are the senators currently representing the state of Minnesota. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Minnesota is currently represented by 8 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

2024 Election Results
  1. Kamala Harris (50.9%)
    Democratic Party
  2. Donald J. Trump (46.7%)
    Republican Party
  3. Robert Kennedy (0.738%)
    Independent Party

In the 2024 presidential election, the popular vote in Minnesota went to Kamala Harris with 50.9% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (46.7%), followed by Robert Kennedy (0.738%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Minnesota for each registered party from 1976 to 2024.

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Presidential Popular Vote by County

Kamala Harris
Popular Vote for Minnesota
50.9% for the Democratic Party
Most Partisan Counties in Minnesota
  1. Morrison County, MN
    75.8% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
  2. Todd County, MN
    73.6% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
  3. Marshall County, MN
    72.8% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)

In the 2024 presidential election, the most partisan county in Minnesota was Morrison County, MN with 75.8% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

The following map shows the counties in Minnesota colored by their party leaning.

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Senator Elections

US Senators from Minnesota

Amy Klobuchar
Senator from Minnesota1
Assumed office on January 3, 2007
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of the U.S. Democratic Party and its members are counted as Democrats.
Tina Smith
Senator from Minnesota2
Assumed office on January 3, 2018
Appointed to the seat following the resignation of Al Franken.

Amy Klobuchar and Tina Smith are the senators currently representing Minnesota.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Minnesota over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

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Education

In 2023, universities in Minnesota awarded 105,176 degrees. The student population of Minnesota in 2023 is skewed towards women, with 138,841 male students and 250,708 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Minnesota are White (63,819 and 63.3%), Black or African American (14,773 and 14.7%), Hispanic or Latino (7,335 and 7.28%), and Asian (6,429 and 6.38%).

The largest universities in Minnesota by number of degrees awarded are Capella University (16,231 and 15.4%), University of Minnesota-Twin Cities (13,831 and 13.2%), and Walden University (12,291 and 11.7%).

The most popular majors in Minnesota are Registered Nursing (14,581 and 13.9%), Liberal Arts & Sciences (5,628 and 5.35%), and General Business Administration & Management (5,098 and 4.85%).

The median tuition costs in Minnesota are $36,332 for private four year colleges, and $8,840 and $11,478 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

University
Measure

In 2023 in Minnesota, the percentage of applicants admitted was 71.7%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 23.4%. The number of students enrolled in 2023 was 389,549 (35.6% men and 64.4% women).

The map shows the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

The line chart below shows the annual evolution of the indicator by gender.

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Enrollments by Gender and Races

Universities

In 2023 there were 389,549 students enrolled in Minnesota, 35.6% men and 64.4% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 221,299 records, of which 63.3% were women and 36.7% men.

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Completions

Concentrations

Most Common
  1. General Psychology
    2,573 degrees awarded
  2. General Business Administration & Management
    2,236 degrees awarded
  3. Registered Nursing
    8,194 degrees awarded

In 2023, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Minnesota was General Psychology with 2,573 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Minnesota according to their major.

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Universities

Gender
Race
Largest Universities by degrees awarded
  1. Capella University
    16,231 degrees awarded
  2. University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
    13,831 degrees awarded
  3. Walden University
    12,291 degrees awarded

In 2023, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was Capella University with 16,231 degrees awarded.

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Student Diversity

University

In 2023, 35,421 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Minnesota, which is 0.508 times less than the 69,755 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2023, the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 63,819 degrees mean that there were 4.32 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 14,773 degrees awarded.

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Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

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Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Universities

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($36,332) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2023.

Public, 4-year or above ($1,355) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2023.

Private not-for-profit, 2-year ($2,200) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

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Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2023, 0.932% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 1.08% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

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Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Minnesota in 2023 were High School or Equivalent (1.08M), Bachelors Degree (1.06M), and Some college (947k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

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Housing & Living

The median property value in Minnesota was $329,300 in 2024, which is 0.99 times smaller than the national average of $332,700. Between 2023 and 2024 the median property value increased from $305,500 to $329,300, a 7.79% increase. The homeownership rate in Minnesota is 72.2%, which is higher than the national average of 65.2%.

People in Minnesota have an average commute time of 22.7 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Minnesota is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

In 2025, 12.6% of the population was living with severe housing problems in Minnesota. From 2014 to 2025, the indicator declined 1.67%.

Housing

Property

$329,300
Median Property Value 2024
±$903
$1.67M
Median Property Taxes
±$8,128

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Minnesota the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Minnesota compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

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Rent vs Own

72.2%
Homeownership
2024
64.2%
Homeowners with Mortgage
2024

In 2024, 72.2% of the housing units in Minnesota were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 72.4%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Minnesota compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

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Equity

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.
$89,062
Median Household Income
± $409
2.31M
Number of Households
± 10,421

In 2024, the median household income of the 2.31M households in Minnesota grew to $89,062 from the previous year's value of $87,556.

The following chart displays the households in Minnesota distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $200k+ range.

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Wage Distribution

0.454
2023 Wage GINI in Minnesota
0.458
2022 Wage GINI in Minnesota

In 2023, the income inequality in Minnesota was 0.454 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.78% decline from 2022 to 2023, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Minnesota was lower than than the national average of 0.476. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Minnesota in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Minnesota across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

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Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2024
  1. Drove Alone (68.9%)
  2. Worked At Home (17.6%)
  3. Carpooled (7.54%)

In 2024, 68.9% of workers in Minnesota drove alone to work, followed by those who worked at home (17.6%) and those who carpooled to work (7.54%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

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Commute Time

22.7 minutes
Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Minnesota have a shorter commute time (22.7 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.4 minutes). Additionally, 1.72% of the workforce in Minnesota have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Minnesota compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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Car Ownership

2 cars
Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Minnesota distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Minnesota have 2 cars.

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Poverty

Severe Housing Problems

In 2025, 12.6% of the population was living with severe housing problems in Minnesota. From 2014 to 2025, the indicator declined 1.67%.

The map show the severe housing problems rate in the counties of California. The graph underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the percentage of the population living with severe housing problems.

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Poverty & Diversity

9.3% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Minnesota (523k out of 5.62M people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.5%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 18 - 24, followed by Females 25 - 34 and then Males 18 - 24.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Minnesota is White, followed by Black and Hispanic.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

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Children in Poverty

In 2025, 10.2% of the children was living in poverty in Minnesota. From 2014 to 2025, the indicator declined 4.4%.

The map show the children in poverty rate in the counties of California. The graph underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the percentage of children in poverty.

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Security

Crimes & Accidents

Indicator

In 2022, the number of reported violent crimes offenses per 100,000 population was 236 in Minnesota. From 2014 to 2022, the indicator grew 2.41 per 100,000 population.

The following map shows the number of reported violent crimes offenses per 100,000 population.

The graph underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in Minnesota.

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Health

95.3% of the population of Minnesota has health coverage, with 54.6% on employee plans, 14.9% on Medicaid, 13% on Medicare, 11.8% on non-group plans, and 1.08% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in Minnesota see 1,134 patients per year on average, which represents a 0% change from the previous year (1,134 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1287 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 278 patients per year.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 50% were men and 50% were women.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

1,134 to 1
Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Minnesota

Primary care physicians in Minnesota see an average of 1,134 patients per year. This represents a 0% change from the previous year (1,134 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Minnesota in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

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Health Care Diversity

In 2024, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 24.4% under 18 years, 20.5% between 18 and 34 years, 38.2% between 35 and 64 years, and 16.9% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 50% were men and 50% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

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Uninsured People

4.67%
Uninsured
54.6%
Employer Coverage
14.9%
Medicaid
13%
Medicare
11.8%
Non-Group
1.08%
Military or VA

Between 2023 and 2024, the percent of uninsured citizens in Minnesota grew by 1.41% from 4.6% to 4.67%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Minnesota changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.

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Health Indicators

Health Outcomes

Indicator

In 2025, the number of deaths among residents under age 18 per 100,000 population was 43.6 in Minnesota.

The  map shows the distribution of the indicator in the counties of Minnesota and the graphic underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in Minnesota.

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Health Behaviors

Indicator

In 2025, the percentage of the adult population (age 18 and older) that reports a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 (age-adjusted) was 33.6% in Minnesota.

The  map shows the distribution of the indicator in the counties of Minnesota and the graphic underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in Minnesota.

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Clinical Care

Indicator

In 2025, the percentage of population under age 65 without health insurance was 5.37% in Minnesota.

The  map shows the distribution of the indicator in the counties of Minnesota and the graphic underneath the paragraph shows the trend of the indicator in Minnesota.

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