Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

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2023 Population

133,277

0.0766% 1-year growth

US Senator

Bernie Moreno

Republican Party

US Senator

Jon Husted

Republican Party

2023 Median Age

40.4

1% 1-year increase

2023 Poverty Rate

21.5%

4.11% 1-year decrease

2023 Median Household Income

$50,514

3.02% 1-year growth

2023 Median Property Value

$138,000

7.56% 1-year growth

2022 Employed Population

57,446

0.65% 1-year growth

About

In 2023, Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH had a population of 133k people with a median age of 40.4 and a median household income of $50,514. Between 2022 and 2023 the population of Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH grew from 133,175 to 133,277, a 0.0766% increase and its median household income grew from $49,033 to $50,514, a 3.02% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH are White (Non-Hispanic) (61.1%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (13.3%), Two+ (Hispanic) (8.68%), White (Hispanic) (5.85%), and Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (5.77%).

11.1% of the households in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

98.8% of the residents in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH are Lorain County Community College (2,407 degrees awarded in 2022), Ross Medical Education Center-Elyria (40 degrees), and Northern Institute of Cosmetology (26 degrees).

In 2023, the median property value in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH was $138,000, and the homeownership rate was 60.4%.

Most people in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 23.6 minutes. The average car ownership in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH was 2 cars per household.

Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH borders Erie & Huron Counties PUMA, OH, Lorain County (South)--North Ridgeville, Avon Lake & Avon Cities PUMA, OH, and Cleveland City (Central) PUMA, OH.

United States Ohio

Population & Diversity

Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH is home to a population of 133k people, from which 98.8% are citizens. As of 2023, 2.77% of Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH residents were born outside of the country (3.69k people).

In 2023, there were 4.6 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (81.4k people) in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH than any other race or ethnicity. There were 17.7k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 11.6k Two+ (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH are Spanish (11,671 households), Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) (495 households), and German (226 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

68,305

Women

51.4%

64,607

Men

48.6%

The resident population of United States in 2022 was 132,912 inhabitants, with 48.6% men, and 51.4% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in the United States.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

98.8%

2023 Citizenship

99.1%

2022 Citizenship

As of 2023, 98.8% of Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2022, the percentage of US citizens in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH was 99.1%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH

White (Non-Hispanic)
81.4k ± 1.42k
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
17.7k ± 1.08k
Two+ (Hispanic)
11.6k ± 1.29k

18.4%

Hispanic Population

24.5k people

18.4% of the people in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH are hispanic (24.5k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

Mexico
388 ± 483 people
Canada
250 ± 388 people
Venezuela
174 ± 324 people

In 2022, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH was Mexico, the natal country of 388 Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH residents, followed by Canada with 250 and Venezuela with 174.

Foreign-Born Population

2.77%

2023 Foreign-Born Population

3.69k people

2.37%

2022 Foreign-Born Population

3.15k people

As of 2023, 2.77% of Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH residents (3.69k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.8%. In 2022, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH was 2.37%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
11,671 households (9.35%)
Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)
495 households (0.396%)
German
226 households (0.181%)

11.1% of the households in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 22%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2023, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH was Spanish. 9.35% of the households in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
2,753 ± 402
Gulf War (2001-)
1,149 ± 289
Gulf War (1990s)
982 ± 243

Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 2.4 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH employs 57.4k people. The largest industries in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH are Restaurants & Food Services (5,360 people), General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (3,083 people), and Construction (2,377 people), and the highest paying industries are Health & personal care, except drug, stores ($126,689), Aircraft & parts manufacturing ($110,816), and Machinery, equipment, & supplies merchant wholesalers ($96,049).

Males in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH have an average income that is 1.32 times higher than the average income of females, which is $43,373. The income inequality in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH (measured using the Gini index) is 0.398, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

28,349

Women

50.4%

27,852

Men

49.6%

The workforce of Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH in 2020 was 56,201 people, with 50.4% woman, and 49.6% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

57.4k

2022 Value

0.65%

1 Year growth

± 0.65%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH grew at a rate of 0.65%, from 57.1k employees to 57.4k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH, are Customer service representatives (2,126 people), Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand (1,676 people), and Cooks (1,592 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Ohio (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Industries

Employment by Industries

57.4k

2022 Value

0.65%

1 Year growth

± 0.65%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH grew at a rate of 0.65%, from 57.1k employees to 57.4k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH, are Restaurants & Food Services (5,360 people), General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (3,083 people), and Construction (2,377 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH, though some of these residents may live in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$43,822

Median earning men ± $1,887

$34,032

Median earning women ± $1,453

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2023 are Public Administration ($73,071), Wholesale Trade ($56,250), and Construction ($51,083).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2023 are Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining ($121,013), Wholesale Trade ($53,603), and Public Administration ($51,536).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Ohio.

Y-Axis

1.48%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 5.51M people employed in Ohio. This represents a 1.48% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

Right after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during April 2020, a general dip can be seen across industry sectors, resulting in an overall decline in employment by 15.4%.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Ohio.

Civics

In the 2024 presidential election, the popular vote in Ohio went to Donald J. Trump with 55.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Kamala Harris (43.9%), followed by Chase Oliver (0.489%).

Bernie Moreno and Jon Husted are the senators currently representing the state of Ohio. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Ohio is currently represented by 15 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH. Showing the available data for Ohio.

2024 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (55.1%)
Republican Party
Kamala Harris (43.9%)
Democratic Party
Chase Oliver (0.489%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2024 presidential election, the popular vote in Ohio went to Donald J. Trump with 55.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Kamala Harris (43.9%), followed by Chase Oliver (0.489%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Ohio for each registered party from 1976 to 2024.

Senator Elections

US Senators from Ohio

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Ohio.

Bernie Moreno

Senator from Ohio

Assumed office on January 3, 2025

Jon Husted

Senator from Ohio

Assumed office on January 21, 2025
While elections for full class 3 terms will take place in 2028, Ohio will hold a special election in 2026 to elect a senator to complete the remainder of JD Vance's term.

Bernie Moreno and Jon Husted are the senators currently representing Ohio.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Ohio over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representative Elections

US Representatives from Ohio

Ohio is currently represented by 15 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Ohio have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2022, universities in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH awarded 2,473 degrees. The student population of Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH in 2022 is skewed towards women, with 3,453 male students and 5,813 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH are White (1,729 and 70.6%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (286 and 11.7%), Black or African American (263 and 10.7%), and Two or More Races (97 and 3.96%).

The largest universities in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH by number of degrees awarded are Lorain County Community College (2,407 and 97.3%), Ross Medical Education Center-Elyria (40 and 1.62%), and Northern Institute of Cosmetology (26 and 1.05%).

The most popular majors in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH are Liberal Arts & Sciences (797 and 32.2%), Real Estate (225 and 9.1%), and General Business Administration & Management (191 and 7.72%).

The median tuition cost in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH for a public four year colleges is $4,187 for in-state students and $8,128 for out-of-state students.

Admissions & Enrollments

Enrollments by Gender and Races

In 2022 there were 9,266 students enrolled in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH, 37.3% men and 62.7% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 6,636 records, of which 61.1% were women and 38.9% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Most Common

Registered Nursing
127 degrees awarded
General Business Administration & Management
87 degrees awarded
Liberal Arts & Sciences
797 degrees awarded

In 2022, the most common concentation for Associates Degree recipients in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH was Registered Nursing with 127 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Associates Degree from schools in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH according to their major.

Universities

Gender

Race

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Lorain County Community College
2,407 degrees awarded
Ross Medical Education Center-Elyria
40 degrees awarded
Northern Institute of Cosmetology
26 degrees awarded

In 2022, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was Lorain County Community College with 2,407 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

In 2022, 845 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH, which is 0.519 times less than the 1,628 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2022 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 1,729 degrees mean that there were 6.05 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Hispanic or Latino, with 286 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Public, 4-year or above ($4,187) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2022.

Public, 4-year or above ($473) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2022.

Public, 4-year or above ($852) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2022, 1.04% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.856% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH in 2022 were High School or Equivalent (36.9k), Some college (26.3k), and Secondary Education (18.4k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH was $138,000 in 2023, which is 0.455 times smaller than the national average of $303,400. Between 2022 and 2023 the median property value increased from $128,300 to $138,000, a 7.56% increase. The homeownership rate in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH is 60.4%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 65%.

People in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH have an average commute time of 23.6 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Median household income in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH is $50,514. In 2023, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH was Delaware County (South) PUMA, OH with a value of $152,746, followed by Hamilton County (East)--Loveland, Montgomery Cities & Forestville PUMA, OH and Butler County (Southeast)--Monroe City & Beckett Ridge PUMA, OH, with respective values of $127,376 and $120,065.

Housing

Property

$138,000

Median Property Value 2023

±$3,661

$34,344

Median Property Taxes

±$1,391

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH the largest share of households pay taxes in the $800 - $1,499 range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

60.4%

Homeownership

2023

59.3%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2023

In 2023, 60.4% of the housing units in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 59.3%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2023, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH was Delaware County (South) PUMA, OH with a value of $152,746, followed by Hamilton County (East)--Loveland, Montgomery Cities & Forestville PUMA, OH and Butler County (Southeast)--Monroe City & Beckett Ridge PUMA, OH, with respective values of $127,376 and $120,065.

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$50,514

Median Household Income

± $1,994

56.9k

Number of Households

± 1,956

In 2023, the median household income of the 56.9k households in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH grew to $50,514 from the previous year's value of $49,033.

The following chart displays the households in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Wage Distribution

0.398

2022 Wage GINI in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH

0.408

2021 Wage GINI in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH

In 2022, the income inequality in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH was 0.398 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 2.27% decline from 2021 to 2022, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2023

Drove Alone (79.6%)
Carpooled (11.9%)
Worked At Home (5.56%)

In 2023, 79.6% of workers in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (11.9%) and those who worked at home (5.56%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

23.6 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH have a shorter commute time (23.6 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.6 minutes). Additionally, 1.25% of the workforce in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH have 2 cars.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

21.5% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH (28.4k out of 132k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.4%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 55 - 64 and then Females < 5.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH is White, followed by Hispanic and Black.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Health

92.2% of the population of Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH has health coverage, with 38.1% on employee plans, 28.7% on Medicaid, 13.9% on Medicare, 10.2% on non-group plans, and 1.27% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in Ohio see 1292 patients per year on average, which represents a 0.0775% increase from the previous year (1291 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1554 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 329 patients per year.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Ohio.

1,292 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Ohio

Primary care physicians in Ohio see an average of 1,292 patients per year. This represents a 0.0775% increase from the previous year (1,291 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Ohio in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Health Care Diversity

In 2023, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 23.9% under 18 years, 19.9% between 18 and 34 years, 38.4% between 35 and 64 years, and 17.8% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 47.3% were men and 52.7% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

7.78%

Uninsured

38.1%

Employer Coverage

28.7%

Medicaid

13.9%

Medicare

10.2%

Non-Group

1.27%

Military or VA

Between 2022 and 2023, the percent of uninsured citizens in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH declined by 6.4% from 8.32% to 7.78%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Lorain County (North)--Lorain & Elyria Cities PUMA, OH changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.