Newark, NJ

Census Place

Add Comparison

2019 Population

281,999

0.0365% 1-year decline

US Senator

Bob Menendez

Democratic Party

US Senator

Cory Booker

Democratic Party

2019 Median Age

34.6

2.67% 1-year increase

2019 Poverty Rate

27.4%

1.92% 1-year decrease

2019 Median Household Income

$40,235

6.89% 1-year growth

2019 Median Property Value

$270,600

7.47% 1-year growth

2019 Employed Population

123,988

3.59% 1-year decline

About

In 2019, Newark, NJ had a population of 282k people with a median age of 34.6 and a median household income of $40,235. Between 2018 and 2019 the population of Newark, NJ declined from 282,102 to 281,999, a −0.0365% decrease and its median household income grew from $37,642 to $40,235, a 6.89% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Newark, NJ are Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (47.4%), White (Hispanic) (21.3%), White (Non-Hispanic) (12.1%), Other (Hispanic) (11%), and Black or African American (Hispanic) (2.43%). 0% of the households in Newark, NJ speak a non-English language at home as their primary language.

78.5% of the residents in Newark, NJ are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Newark, NJ are Rutgers University-Newark (3,779 degrees awarded in 2020), New Jersey Institute of Technology (2,868 degrees), and Essex County College (898 degrees).

In 2019, the median property value in Newark, NJ was $270,600, and the homeownership rate was 24.1%. Most people in Newark, NJ drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 34.2 minutes. The average car ownership in Newark, NJ was 1 car per household.

About the photo: Sunrise in New York viewed from Newark

Photo by Lars Plougmann

United States New Jersey Essex County, NJ New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA

Diversity

Newark, NJ is home to a population of 282k people, from which 78.5% are citizens. As of 2019, 31.7% of Newark, NJ residents were born outside of the country (89.5k people).

In 2019, there were 2.23 times more Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) residents (134k people) in Newark, NJ than any other race or ethnicity. There were 59.9k White (Hispanic) and 34.1k White (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Newark, NJ

Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
134k ± 5.57k
White (Hispanic)
59.9k ± 7.06k
White (Non-Hispanic)
34.1k ± 4.19k

36.9%

Hispanic Population

104k people

36.9% of the people in Newark, NJ are hispanic (104k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Newark, NJ as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

31.7%

2019 Foreign-Born Population

89.5k people

30.4%

2018 Foreign-Born Population

85.8k people

As of 2019, 31.7% of Newark, NJ residents (89.5k people) were born outside of the United States, which is higher than the national average of 13.7%. In 2018, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Newark, NJ was 30.4%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Newark, NJ compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 1.5

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 1.7

In 2019, the median age of all people in Newark, NJ was 34.6. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 27, were generally younger than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 43. But people in Newark, NJ are getting getting older. In 2018, the average age of all Newark, NJ residents was 34.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for New Jersey.

Most Common Origin

India
267,137 ± 12,497 people
Dominican Republic
196,191 ± 10,754 people
Mexico
108,194 ± 8,026 people

In 2019, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of New Jersey was India, the natal country of 267,137 New Jersey residents, followed by Dominican Republic with 196,191 and Mexico with 108,194.

Citizenship

78.5%

2019 Citizenship

82.1%

2018 Citizenship

As of 2019, 78.5% of Newark, NJ residents were US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93.4%. In 2018, the percentage of US citizens in Newark, NJ was 82.1%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Newark, NJ compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for New Jersey. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in New Jersey, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

View Full Dashboard

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in New Jersey (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

View Full Dashboard

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

Y-Axis

8.45%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between May 2020 and May 2021

As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in New Jersey. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in New Jersey.

View Full Dashboard

Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of New Jersey across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

View Full Dashboard

Economy

Median household income in Newark, NJ is $40,235. In 2019, the place with the highest median household income in Newark, NJ was Census Tract 64 with a value of $68,158, followed by Census Tract 23 and Census Tract 68, with respective values of $56,563 and $55,246.

Males in New Jersey have an average income that is 1.38 times higher than the average income of females, which is $67,114. The income inequality in New Jersey (measured using the Gini index) is 0.493, which is higher than than the national average.

The economy of Newark, NJ employs 124k people. The largest industries in Newark, NJ are Transportation & Warehousing (17,093 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (15,796 people), and Construction (14,022 people), and the highest paying industries are Public Administration ($63,448), Finance & Insurance ($57,870), and Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($55,358).

Wages

Median Household Income

$40,235

2019 value

± $4,272

6.89%

1 Year Growth

± 13.1%

Households in Newark, NJ have a median annual income of $40,235, which is less than the median annual income of $65,712 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $37,642 in 2018, which represents a 6.89% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Newark, NJ compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Sex in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for New Jersey.

$92,951

Average Male Salary in New Jersey

± $1,794

$67,114

Average Female Salary in New Jersey

± $1,255

In 2019, full-time male employees in New Jersey made 1.38 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the sex-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in New Jersey by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for New Jersey.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in New Jersey

Asian
$92,859 ± $3,652
White
$74,222 ± $1,284
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
$70,602 ± $36,181

In 2019 the highest paid race/ethnicity of New Jersey workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.25 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in New Jersey.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in New Jersey by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Newark, NJ is from New Jersey.

0.493

2019 Wage GINI in New Jersey

0.493

2018 Wage GINI in New Jersey

In 2019, the income inequality in New Jersey was 0.493 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.0449% growth from 2018 to 2019, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for New Jersey was higher than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed less evenly in New Jersey in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in New Jersey across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 64
Census Tract 23
Census Tract 68

In 2019, the place with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Newark, NJ was Census Tract 64 with a value of $68,158, followed by Census Tract 23 and Census Tract 68, with respective values of $56,563 and $55,246.

The following map shows all of the places in Newark, NJ colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Sex

Females 25 - 34

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

27.4% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Newark, NJ (73.8k out of 269k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.3%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 35 - 44 and then Females 55 - 64.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

Black
39,694 ± 1,495
Hispanic
27,659 ± 1,321
White
17,250 ± 1,034

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Newark, NJ is Black, followed by Hispanic and White.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

124k

2019 Value

± 7,020

−3.59%

1 Year decline

± 8.18%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Newark, NJ declined at a rate of −3.59%, from 129k employees to 124k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Newark, NJ, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (15,451 people), Construction & Extraction Occupations (13,008 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (10,503 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Newark, NJ.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Newark, NJ, by number of employees, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (15,451 people), Construction & Extraction Occupations (13,008 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (10,503 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Newark, NJ has an unusually high number of residents working as Fire Fighting & Prevention, & Other Protective Service Workers Including Supervisors (3.64 times higher than expected), Construction & Extraction Occupations (2.07 times), and Material Moving Occupations (1.89 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Newark, NJ, by median earnings, are Law Enforcement Workers Including Supervisors ($111,381), Architecture & Engineering Occupations ($75,413), and Computer, Engineering, & Science Occupations ($66,209).

Industries

Employment by Industries

124k

2019 Value

± 7,020

−3.59%

1 Year decline

± 8.18%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Newark, NJ declined at a rate of −3.59%, from 129k employees to 124k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Newark, NJ, are Transportation & Warehousing (17,093 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (15,796 people), and Construction (14,022 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Newark, NJ, though some of these residents may live in Newark, NJ and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Newark, NJ, by number of employees, are Transportation & Warehousing (17,093 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (15,796 people), and Construction (14,022 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Newark, NJ has an unusually high number of Transportation & Warehousing (2.84 times higher than expected), Administrative & Support & Waste Management Services (2.03 times), and Construction (1.64 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Newark, NJ, by median earnings, are Public Administration ($63,448), Finance & Insurance ($57,870), and Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($55,358).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from New Jersey to other states, or from other states to New Jersey.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2020, the top outbound New Jersey product (by dollars) was Electronics with $70.5B, followed by Pharmaceuticals ($58.9B) and Motorized vehicles ($50.4B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound New Jersey products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for New Jersey.

$649B

2020 Value in New Jersey

$1.35T

Projected 2050 Value in New Jersey

108% growth

In 2020, total outbound New Jersey trade was $649B. This is expected to increase 108% to $1.35T by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound New Jersey trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from New Jersey to other states, or from other states to New Jersey.

Most Common Trade Partners

New York
$116B
Pennsylvania
$61.4B
California
$24.4B

In 2020, the top outbound New Jersey domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was New York with $116B, followed by Pennsylvania with $61.4B and California and $24.4B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that New Jersey shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in New Jersey went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 57.3% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (41.4%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (0.696%). The most partisan county was Essex County, NJ with 77.3% of the vote going to Joseph R Biden Jr. running for the Democratic Party.

Bob Menendez and Cory Booker are the senators currently representing the state of New Jersey. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

New Jersey is currently represented by 12 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Newark, NJ. Showing the available data for New Jersey.

2020 Election Results

Joseph R Biden Jr. (57.3%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (41.4%)
Republican Party
Jo Jorgensen (0.696%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in New Jersey went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 57.3% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (41.4%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (0.696%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in New Jersey for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of New Jersey.

Joseph R Biden Jr.

Popular Vote for New Jersey

57.3% for the Democratic Party

Most Partisan Counties in New Jersey

Essex County, NJ
77.3% for Joseph R Biden Jr. (Democratic Party)
Hudson County, NJ
72.6% for Joseph R Biden Jr. (Democratic Party)
Mercer County, NJ
69.4% for Joseph R Biden Jr. (Democratic Party)

In the 2020 presidential election, the most partisan county in New Jersey was Essex County, NJ with 77.3% of the vote going to Joseph R Biden Jr. running for the Democratic Party.

The following map shows the counties in New Jersey colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from New Jersey

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

Bob Menendez

Senator from New Jersey

Assumed office on January 17, 2006
Appointed to the seat following the resignation of Jon Corzine, who was elected Governor of New Jersey.

Cory Booker

Senator from New Jersey

Assumed office on October 31, 2013
Elected to the seat to succeed Jeffrey Chiesa, who had been appointed to the seat following the death of Frank Lautenberg.

Bob Menendez and Cory Booker are the senators currently representing New Jersey.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in New Jersey over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from New Jersey

New Jersey is currently represented by 12 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for New Jersey have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2020, universities in Newark, NJ awarded 7,750 degrees. The student population of Newark, NJ is skewed towards men, with 17,136 male students and 14,722 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Newark, NJ are White (1,885 and 30.4%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (1,477 and 23.8%), Black or African American (1,210 and 19.5%), and Asian (1,192 and 19.2%).

The largest universities in Newark, NJ by number of degrees awarded are Rutgers University-Newark (3,779 and 48.8%), New Jersey Institute of Technology (2,868 and 37%), and Essex County College (898 and 11.6%).

The most popular majors in Newark, NJ are General Business Administration & Management (717 and 9.25%), General Computer & Information Sciences (449 and 5.79%), and Information Technology (427 and 5.51%).

The median tuition costs in Newark, NJ are $22,056 for private four year colleges, and $13,339 and $29,586 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Concentrations

Most Common

General Psychology
264 degree-majorss awarded
General Biological Sciences
261 degree-majorss awarded
General Finance
294 degree-majorss awarded

In 2020, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Newark, NJ was General Psychology with 264 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Newark, NJ according to their major.

Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Rutgers University-Newark
3,779 degrees awarded
New Jersey Institute of Technology
2,868 degrees awarded
Essex County College
898 degrees awarded

$13,339

Median In-State Public

$22,056

Median Private

In 2020, the Newark, NJ institution with the largest number of graduating students was Rutgers University-Newark with 3,779 degrees awarded.

Student Sex for Common Institutions

4,197

Degrees Awarded to Men

3,553

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2020, 4,197 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Newark, NJ, which is 1.18 times more than the 3,553 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the sex disparity between the institutions in Newark, NJ by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
1,885 degrees awarded
Hispanic or Latino
1,477 degrees awarded
Black or African American
1,210 degrees awarded

In 2020 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions in Newark, NJ was White students. These 1,885 degrees mean that there were 1.28 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Hispanic or Latino, with 1,477 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Newark, NJ was $270,600 in 2019, which is 1.13 times larger than the national average of $240,500. Between 2018 and 2019 the median property value increased from $251,800 to $270,600, a 7.47% increase. The homeownership rate in Newark, NJ is 24.1%, which is lower than the national average of 64.1%. People in Newark, NJ have an average commute time of 34.2 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Newark, NJ is lower than the national average, with an average of 1 car per household.

Housing

Property Value

$270,600

2019 Median

± $21,602

$251,800

2018 Median

± $21,707

In 2019, the median property value in Newark, NJ grew to to $270,600 from the previous year's value of $251,800.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Newark, NJ compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Newark, NJ the largest share of households have a property value in the $300k - $400k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$40,235

Median Household Income

± $4,272

102k

Number of Households

± 6,003

In 2019, the median household income of the 102k households in Newark, NJ grew to $40,235 from the previous year's value of $37,642.

The following chart displays the households in Newark, NJ distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the < $10k range.

Property Taxes

$3k+

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Newark, NJ distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Newark, NJ the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

Rent vs Own

24.1%

2019 Homeownership

21.9%

2018 Homeownership

In 2019, 24.1% of the housing units in Newark, NJ were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 21.9%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is lower than the national average of 64.1%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Newark, NJ compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

34.2 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Newark, NJ have a longer commute time (34.2 minutes) than the normal US worker (26 minutes). Additionally, 5.57% of the workforce in Newark, NJ have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Newark, NJ compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2019

Drove Alone (52.7%)
Public Transit (21.5%)
Other (10.3%)

In 2019, 52.7% of workers in Newark, NJ drove alone to work, followed by those who used public transit to get to work (21.5%) and those who used some unspecified means to get work (10.3%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

1 car

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Newark, NJ distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Newark, NJ have 1 car, followed by false.

Health

80.8% of the population of Newark, NJ has health coverage, with 33.7% on employee plans, 33.3% on Medicaid, 7.91% on Medicare, 5.69% on non-group plans, and 0.165% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in New Jersey was $8,859 in 2014. This is a 4.91% increase from the previous year ($8,444).

Primary care physicians in Essex County, NJ see 1181 patients per year on average, which represents a 1.34% decrease from the previous year (1197 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1051 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 447 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Salem County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (15.6%). Additionally, Salem County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (39%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the country level. Showing data for Essex County, NJ.

1,181 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Essex County, NJ

Primary care physicians in Essex County, NJ see an average of 1,181 patients per year. This represents a 1.34% decrease from the previous year (1,197 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Essex County, NJ in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

$8,859

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in New Jersey

$5,081

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$8,049

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$12,614

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in New Jersey (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 4.91%, from $8,444 to $8,859.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

19.2%

Uninsured

33.7%

Employer Coverage

33.3%

Medicaid

7.91%

Medicare

5.69%

Non-Group

0.165%

Military or VA

Between 2018 and 2019, the percent of uninsured citizens in Newark, NJ grew by 20% from 16% to 19.2%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Newark, NJ changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.