Marion County, FL

County

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2019 Population

365,579

1.56% 1-year growth

US Senator

Marco Rubio

Republican Party

US Senator

Rick Scott

Republican Party

2019 Median Age

48.9

0.407% 1-year decrease

2019 Poverty Rate

16.1%

3.35% 1-year decrease

2019 Median Household Income

$49,576

11.2% 1-year growth

2019 Median Property Value

$161,100

6.97% 1-year growth

2019 Employed Population

136,306

7.66% 1-year growth

About

In 2019, Marion County, FL had a population of 366k people with a median age of 48.9 and a median household income of $49,576. Between 2018 and 2019 the population of Marion County, FL grew from 359,977 to 365,579, a 1.56% increase and its median household income grew from $44,576 to $49,576, a 11.2% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Marion County, FL are White (Non-Hispanic) (69.4%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (13%), White (Hispanic) (12.6%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (1.74%), and Asian (Non-Hispanic) (1.12%). 0% of the households in Marion County, FL speak a non-English language at home as their primary language.

97.8% of the residents in Marion County, FL are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Marion County, FL are Rasmussen College-Florida (4,148 degrees awarded in 2019), College of Central Florida (2,539 degrees), and Marion Technical College (419226) (440 degrees).

In 2019, the median property value in Marion County, FL was $161,100, and the homeownership rate was 71.5%. Most people in Marion County, FL drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 26 minutes. The average car ownership in Marion County, FL was 2 cars per household.

Marion County, FL borders Alachua County, FL, Citrus County, FL, Lake County, FL, Levy County, FL, Putnam County, FL, Sumter County, FL, and Volusia County, FL.

About the photo: Spanish moss in Silver Springs, FL

Photo by Phillip Hendon

United States Florida Ocala, FL

Diversity

Marion County, FL is home to a population of 366k people, from which 97.8% are citizens. As of 2019, 20.7% of Marion County, FL residents were born outside of the country (75.7k people).

In 2019, there were 5.32 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (254k people) in Marion County, FL than any other race or ethnicity. There were 47.7k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 46k White (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Marion County, FL

White (Non-Hispanic)
254k ± 651
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
47.7k ± 1.09k
White (Hispanic)
46k ± 2.54k

14.1%

Hispanic Population

51.6k people

14.1% of the people in Marion County, FL are hispanic (51.6k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Marion County, FL as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

20.7%

2019 Foreign-Born Population

75.7k people

7.18%

2018 Foreign-Born Population

25.9k people

As of 2019, 20.7% of Marion County, FL residents (75.7k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 34%. In 2018, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Marion County, FL was 7.18%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Marion County, FL compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.8

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 2.5

In 2019, the median age of all people in Marion County, FL was 48.9. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 48, were generally younger than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 55. But people in Marion County, FL are getting getting younger. In 2018, the average age of all Marion County, FL residents was 49.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Florida.

Most Common Origin

Cuba
1,040,032 ± 24,424 people
Haiti
356,045 ± 14,528 people
Colombia
294,743 ± 13,237 people

In 2019, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Florida was Cuba, the natal country of 1,040,032 Florida residents, followed by Haiti with 356,045 and Colombia with 294,743.

Citizenship

97.8%

2019 Citizenship

97.8%

2018 Citizenship

As of 2019, 97.8% of Marion County, FL residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2018, the percentage of US citizens in Marion County, FL was 97.8%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Marion County, FL compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
14,133 ± 2,187
Gulf War (2001-)
3,929 ± 1,165
Gulf War (1990s)
3,281 ± 1,380

Marion County, FL has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 3.6 times greater than any other conflict.

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for Florida. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in Florida, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Florida.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Florida (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Florida.

Y-Axis

8.45%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between May 2020 and May 2021

As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in Florida. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Florida.

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Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Florida.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of Florida across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Economy

Median household income in Marion County, FL is $49,576. In 2019, the tract with the highest median household income in Marion County, FL was Census Tract 22.02 with a value of $77,113, followed by Census Tract 23.02 and Census Tract 21, with respective values of $64,451 and $63,504.

Males in Florida have an average income that is 1.34 times higher than the average income of females, which is $46,953. The income inequality in Florida (measured using the Gini index) is 0.473, which is lower than than the national average.

The economy of Marion County, FL employs 136k people. The largest industries in Marion County, FL are Health Care & Social Assistance (20,446 people), Retail Trade (19,759 people), and Accommodation & Food Services (12,343 people), and the highest paying industries are Utilities ($100,481), Finance & Insurance ($58,382), and Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($48,407).

Wages

Median Household Income

$49,576

2019 value

± $3,427

11.2%

1 Year Growth

± 8.14%

Households in Marion County, FL have a median annual income of $49,576, which is less than the median annual income of $65,712 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $44,576 in 2018, which represents a 11.2% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Marion County, FL compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Gender in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Florida.

$63,131

Average Male Salary in Florida

± $864

$46,953

Average Female Salary in Florida

± $580

In 2019, full-time male employees in Florida made 1.34 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Florida by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Florida.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in Florida

American Indian and Alaska Native tribes specified; or American Indian or Alaska Native, not specified and no other races
$73,034 ± $38,489
Asian
$62,006 ± $3,904
White
$51,912 ± $575

In 2019 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Florida workers was American Indian and Alaska Native tribes specified; or American Indian or Alaska Native, not specified and no other races. These workers were paid 1.18 times more than Asian workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in Florida.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Florida by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Marion County, FL is from Florida.

0.473

2019 Wage GINI in Florida

0.474

2018 Wage GINI in Florida

In 2019, the income inequality in Florida was 0.473 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.332% decline from 2018 to 2019, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Florida was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Florida in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Florida across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 22.02
Census Tract 23.02
Census Tract 21

In 2019, the tract with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Marion County, FL was Census Tract 22.02 with a value of $77,113, followed by Census Tract 23.02 and Census Tract 21, with respective values of $64,451 and $63,504.

The following map shows all of the tracts in Marion County, FL colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Gender

Females 25 - 34

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

16.1% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Marion County, FL (55.2k out of 343k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.3%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 55 - 64 and then Males 6 - 11.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

White
38,020 ± 1,687
Black
14,046 ± 1,109
Hispanic
9,546 ± 903

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Marion County, FL is White, followed by Black and Hispanic.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

136k

2019 Value

± 8,479

7.66%

1 Year growth

± 8%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Marion County, FL grew at a rate of 7.66%, from 127k employees to 136k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Marion County, FL, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (17,418 people), Sales & Related Occupations (15,867 people), and Management Occupations (11,514 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Marion County, FL.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Marion County, FL, by number of employees, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (17,418 people), Sales & Related Occupations (15,867 people), and Management Occupations (11,514 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, Marion County, FL has an unusually high number of residents working as Fire Fighting & Prevention, & Other Protective Service Workers Including Supervisors (1.52 times higher than expected), Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners & Other Technical Occupations (1.43 times), and Food Preparation & Serving Related Occupations (1.26 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Marion County, FL, by median earnings, are Fire Fighting & Prevention, & Other Protective Service Workers Including Supervisors ($65,844), Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners & Other Technical Occupations ($63,241), and Legal Occupations ($60,122).

Industries

Employment by Industries

136k

2019 Value

± 8,479

7.66%

1 Year growth

± 8%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Marion County, FL grew at a rate of 7.66%, from 127k employees to 136k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Marion County, FL, are Health Care & Social Assistance (20,446 people), Retail Trade (19,759 people), and Accommodation & Food Services (12,343 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Marion County, FL, though some of these residents may live in Marion County, FL and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Marion County, FL, by number of employees, are Health Care & Social Assistance (20,446 people), Retail Trade (19,759 people), and Accommodation & Food Services (12,343 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, Marion County, FL has an unusually high number of Retail Trade (1.34 times higher than expected), Public Administration (1.29 times), and Other Services, Except Public Administration (1.28 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Marion County, FL, by median earnings, are Utilities ($100,481), Finance & Insurance ($58,382), and Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($48,407).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Florida to other states, or from other states to Florida.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

Mixed freight
$60.7B
Electronics
$55.2B
Gasoline
$51.1B

In 2018, the top outbound Florida product (by dollars) was Mixed freight with $60.7B, followed by Electronics ($55.2B) and Gasoline ($51.1B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Florida products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Florida.

$583B

2018 Value in Florida

$1.45T

Projected 2045 Value in Florida

149% growth

In 2018, total outbound Florida trade was $583B. This is expected to increase 149% to $1.45T by 2045.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Florida trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Florida to other states, or from other states to Florida.

Most Common Trade Partners

Georgia
$22.2B
Texas
$19.3B
California
$15B

In 2018, the top outbound Florida domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Georgia with $22.2B, followed by Texas with $19.3B and California and $15B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Florida shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Marion County, FL went to Donald J. Trump with 61.7% of the vote. The runner-up was Hillary Rodham Clinton (35.5%), followed by Other (2.76%). The most partisan county was Holmes County, FL with 87.9% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

Marco Rubio and Rick Scott are the senators currently representing the state of Florida. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Florida is currently represented by 27 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

2016 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (61.7%)
Republican Party
Hillary Rodham Clinton (35.5%)
Democratic Party
Other (2.76%)
Other Party

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Florida went to Donald J. Trump with 61.7% of the vote. The runner-up was Hillary Rodham Clinton (35.5%), followed by Other (2.76%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Florida for each registered party from 1976 to 2016.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of Florida.

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

Donald J. Trump

Popular Vote for Marion County, FL

61.7% for the Republican Party

Most Partisan Counties in Florida

Holmes County, FL
87.9% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Lafayette County, FL
82.8% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Baker County, FL
81.5% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)

In the 2016 presidential election, the most partisan county in Florida was Holmes County, FL with 87.9% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

The following map shows the counties in Florida colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from Florida

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Florida.

Marco Rubio

Senator from Florida

Assumed office on January 3, 2011

Rick Scott

Senator from Florida

Assumed office on January 8, 2019
Inauguration delayed in order to finish his term as Governor of Florida.

Marco Rubio and Rick Scott are the senators currently representing Florida.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Florida over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from Florida

Florida is currently represented by 27 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Florida have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2019, universities in Marion County, FL awarded 7,193 degrees. The student population of Marion County, FL is skewed towards women, with 4,003 male students and 12,018 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Marion County, FL are White (4,035 and 56.4%), followed by Black or African American (1,094 and 15.3%), Hispanic or Latino (982 and 13.7%), and Unknown (631 and 8.83%).

The largest universities in Marion County, FL by number of degrees awarded are Rasmussen College-Florida (4,148 and 57.7%), College of Central Florida (2,539 and 35.3%), and Marion Technical College (419226) (440 and 6.12%).

The most popular majors in Marion County, FL are Registered Nursing (1,387 and 19.3%), Liberal Arts & Sciences (921 and 12.8%), and General Business Administration & Management (554 and 7.7%).

The median tuition cost in Marion County, FL for a public four year colleges is $1,987 for in-state students and $7,947 for out-of-state students.

Concentrations

Most Common

Early Childhood Education & Teaching
196 degree-majorss awarded
Registered Nursing
950 degree-majorss awarded
Liberal Arts & Sciences
921 degree-majorss awarded

In 2019, the most common concentation for Associates Degree recipients in Marion County, FL was Early Childhood Education & Teaching with 196 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Associates Degree from schools in Marion County, FL according to their major.

Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Rasmussen College-Florida
4,148 degrees awarded
College of Central Florida
2,539 degrees awarded
Marion Technical College (419226)
440 degrees awarded

$1,987

Median In-State Public

In 2019, the Marion County, FL institution with the largest number of graduating students was Rasmussen College-Florida with 4,148 degrees awarded.

Student Gender for Common Institutions

1,798

Degrees Awarded to Men

5,395

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2019, 1,798 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Marion County, FL, which is 0.333 times less than the 5,395 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the gender disparity between the institutions in Marion County, FL by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
4,035 degrees awarded
Black or African American
1,094 degrees awarded
Hispanic or Latino
982 degrees awarded

In 2019 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions in Marion County, FL was White students. These 4,035 degrees mean that there were 3.69 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 1,094 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Marion County, FL was $161,100 in 2019, which is 0.67 times smaller than the national average of $240,500. Between 2018 and 2019 the median property value increased from $150,600 to $161,100, a 6.97% increase. The homeownership rate in Marion County, FL is 71.5%, which is higher than the national average of 64.1%. People in Marion County, FL have an average commute time of 26 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Marion County, FL is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$161,100

2019 Median

± $7,968

$150,600

2018 Median

± $6,133

In 2019, the median property value in Marion County, FL grew to to $161,100 from the previous year's value of $150,600.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Marion County, FL compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Marion County, FL the largest share of households have a property value in the $200k - $250k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$49,576

Median Household Income

± $3,427

146k

Number of Households

± 7,983

In 2019, the median household income of the 146k households in Marion County, FL grew to $49,576 from the previous year's value of $44,576.

The following chart displays the households in Marion County, FL distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Property Taxes

$800 - $1,499

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Marion County, FL distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Marion County, FL the largest share of households pay taxes in the $800 - $1,499 range.

Rent vs Own

71.5%

2019 Homeownership

75.6%

2018 Homeownership

In 2019, 71.5% of the housing units in Marion County, FL were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 75.6%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is higher than the national average of 64.1%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Marion County, FL compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

26 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Marion County, FL have a similar commute time (26 minutes) than the normal US worker (26 minutes). Additionally, 2.35% of the workforce in Marion County, FL have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Marion County, FL compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2016

Drove Alone (81.7%)
Carpooled (8.87%)
Worked At Home (6.73%)

In 2016, 81.7% of workers in Marion County, FL drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (8.87%) and those who worked at home (6.73%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Marion County, FL distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Marion County, FL have 2 cars, followed by false.

Health

87.5% of the population of Marion County, FL has health coverage, with 31.5% on employee plans, 15% on Medicaid, 22.5% on Medicare, 15.9% on non-group plans, and 2.55% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in Florida was $8,076 in 2014. This is a 5.05% increase from the previous year ($7,688).

Primary care physicians in Marion County, FL see 1714 patients per year on average, which represents a 1.32% decrease from the previous year (1737 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 2243 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 1007 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Glades County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (21%). Additionally, Gadsden County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (43.5%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

1,714 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Marion County, FL

Primary care physicians in Marion County, FL see an average of 1,714 patients per year. This represents a 1.32% decrease from the previous year (1,737 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Marion County, FL in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Florida.

$8,076

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in Florida

$4,606

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$5,175

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$12,229

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Florida (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 5.05%, from $7,688 to $8,076.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

12.5%

Uninsured

31.5%

Employer Coverage

15%

Medicaid

22.5%

Medicare

15.9%

Non-Group

2.55%

Military or VA

Between 2018 and 2019, the percent of uninsured citizens in Marion County, FL declined by 1.18% from 12.7% to 12.5%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Marion County, FL changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.