Jefferson County, WI

County

Add Comparison

2019 Population

84,701

0.0579% 1-year growth

US Senator

Ron Johnson

Republican Party

US Senator

Tammy Baldwin

Democratic Party

2019 Median Age

41.1

0.983% 1-year increase

2019 Poverty Rate

8.34%

6.79% 1-year decrease

2019 Median Household Income

$66,291

4.11% 1-year growth

2019 Median Property Value

$190,400

3.31% 1-year growth

2019 Employed Population

46,211

0.82% 1-year growth

About

In 2019, Jefferson County, WI had a population of 84.7k people with a median age of 41.1 and a median household income of $66,291. Between 2018 and 2019 the population of Jefferson County, WI grew from 84,652 to 84,701, a 0.0579% increase and its median household income grew from $63,676 to $66,291, a 4.11% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Jefferson County, WI are White (Non-Hispanic) (89.6%), White (Hispanic) (4.5%), Other (Hispanic) (1.93%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (1.88%), and Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (0.733%). 0% of the households in Jefferson County, WI speak a non-English language at home as their primary language.

98% of the residents in Jefferson County, WI are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Jefferson County, WI are Maranatha Baptist University (212 degrees awarded in 2019).

In 2019, the median property value in Jefferson County, WI was $190,400, and the homeownership rate was 70.2%. Most people in Jefferson County, WI drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 23.5 minutes. The average car ownership in Jefferson County, WI was 2 cars per household.

Jefferson County, WI borders Dane County, WI, Dodge County, WI, Rock County, WI, Walworth County, WI, and Waukesha County, WI.

United States Wisconsin Watertown-Fort Atkinson, WI

Diversity

Jefferson County, WI is home to a population of 84.7k people, from which 98% are citizens. As of 2019, 10.1% of Jefferson County, WI residents were born outside of the country (8.52k people).

In 2019, there were 19.9 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (75.9k people) in Jefferson County, WI than any other race or ethnicity. There were 3.81k White (Hispanic) and 1.63k Other (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Jefferson County, WI

White (Non-Hispanic)
75.9k ± 55
White (Hispanic)
3.81k ± 367
Other (Hispanic)
1.63k ± 372

7.07%

Hispanic Population

5.99k people

7.07% of the people in Jefferson County, WI are hispanic (5.99k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Jefferson County, WI as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

10.1%

2019 Foreign-Born Population

8.52k people

3.75%

2018 Foreign-Born Population

3.18k people

As of 2019, 10.1% of Jefferson County, WI residents (8.52k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 34%. In 2018, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Jefferson County, WI was 3.75%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Jefferson County, WI compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.3

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 1.6

In 2019, the median age of all people in Jefferson County, WI was 41.1. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 41, were generally older than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 41. But people in Jefferson County, WI are getting getting older. In 2018, the average age of all Jefferson County, WI residents was 41.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Wisconsin.

Most Common Origin

Mexico
84,679 ± 7,092 people
India
25,530 ± 3,914 people
China
15,562 ± 3,059 people

In 2019, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Wisconsin was Mexico, the natal country of 84,679 Wisconsin residents, followed by India with 25,530 and China with 15,562.

Citizenship

98%

2019 Citizenship

97.8%

2018 Citizenship

As of 2019, 98% of Jefferson County, WI residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2018, the percentage of US citizens in Jefferson County, WI was 97.8%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Jefferson County, WI compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
1,882 ± 196
Gulf War (2001-)
823 ± 217
Gulf War (1990s)
579 ± 113

Jefferson County, WI has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 2.29 times greater than any other conflict.

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for Wisconsin. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in Wisconsin, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Wisconsin.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Wisconsin (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Wisconsin.

Y-Axis

8.45%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between May 2020 and May 2021

As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in Wisconsin. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Wisconsin.

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Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Wisconsin.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of Wisconsin across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Economy

Median household income in Jefferson County, WI is $66,291. In 2019, the tract with the highest median household income in Jefferson County, WI was Census Tract 1006.01 with a value of $104,318, followed by Census Tract 1017.02 and Census Tract 1006.02, with respective values of $91,360 and $84,669.

Males in Wisconsin have an average income that is 1.34 times higher than the average income of females, which is $49,130. The income inequality in Wisconsin (measured using the Gini index) is 0.447, which is lower than than the national average.

The economy of Jefferson County, WI employs 46.2k people. The largest industries in Jefferson County, WI are Manufacturing (9,396 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (7,347 people), and Retail Trade (4,910 people), and the highest paying industries are Utilities ($63,056), Public Administration ($59,007), and Transportation & Warehousing, & Utilities ($52,041).

Wages

Median Household Income

$66,291

2019 value

± $1,974

4.11%

1 Year Growth

± 4.37%

Households in Jefferson County, WI have a median annual income of $66,291, which is more than the median annual income of $65,712 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $63,676 in 2018, which represents a 4.11% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Jefferson County, WI compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Gender in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Wisconsin.

$65,653

Average Male Salary in Wisconsin

± $1,399

$49,130

Average Female Salary in Wisconsin

± $1,030

In 2019, full-time male employees in Wisconsin made 1.34 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Wisconsin by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Wisconsin.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in Wisconsin

Asian
$52,790 ± $5,647
White
$50,361 ± $843
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
$50,064 ± $38,727

In 2019 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Wisconsin workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.05 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in Wisconsin.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Wisconsin by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Jefferson County, WI is from Wisconsin.

0.447

2019 Wage GINI in Wisconsin

0.45

2018 Wage GINI in Wisconsin

In 2019, the income inequality in Wisconsin was 0.447 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.637% decline from 2018 to 2019, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Wisconsin was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Wisconsin in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Wisconsin across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 1006.01
Census Tract 1017.02
Census Tract 1006.02

In 2019, the tract with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Jefferson County, WI was Census Tract 1006.01 with a value of $104,318, followed by Census Tract 1017.02 and Census Tract 1006.02, with respective values of $91,360 and $84,669.

The following map shows all of the tracts in Jefferson County, WI colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Gender

Females 25 - 34

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

8.34% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Jefferson County, WI (6.8k out of 81.5k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.3%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 35 - 44 and then Males 25 - 34.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

White
6,289 ± 523
Hispanic
1,129 ± 263
Two Or More
279 ± 143

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Jefferson County, WI is White, followed by Hispanic and Two Or More.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

46.2k

2019 Value

± 1,241

0.82%

1 Year growth

± 3.72%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Jefferson County, WI grew at a rate of 0.82%, from 45.8k employees to 46.2k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Jefferson County, WI, are Production Occupations (5,284 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (4,776 people), and Management Occupations (4,425 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Jefferson County, WI.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Jefferson County, WI, by number of employees, are Production Occupations (5,284 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (4,776 people), and Management Occupations (4,425 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, Jefferson County, WI has an unusually high number of residents working as Farming, Fishing, & Forestry Occupations (2.14 times higher than expected), Production Occupations (2.02 times), and Healthcare Support Occupations (1.39 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Jefferson County, WI, by median earnings, are Computer & Mathematical Occupations ($71,563), Architecture & Engineering Occupations ($68,869), and Computer, Engineering, & Science Occupations ($65,068).

Industries

Employment by Industries

46.2k

2019 Value

± 1,241

0.82%

1 Year growth

± 3.72%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Jefferson County, WI grew at a rate of 0.82%, from 45.8k employees to 46.2k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Jefferson County, WI, are Manufacturing (9,396 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (7,347 people), and Retail Trade (4,910 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Jefferson County, WI, though some of these residents may live in Jefferson County, WI and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Jefferson County, WI, by number of employees, are Manufacturing (9,396 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (7,347 people), and Retail Trade (4,910 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, Jefferson County, WI has an unusually high number of Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting (2.38 times higher than expected), Manufacturing (2.03 times), and Construction (1.15 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Jefferson County, WI, by median earnings, are Utilities ($63,056), Public Administration ($59,007), and Transportation & Warehousing, & Utilities ($52,041).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Wisconsin to other states, or from other states to Wisconsin.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2018, the top outbound Wisconsin product (by dollars) was Other foodstuffs with $39.4B, followed by Mixed freight ($31.4B) and Motorized vehicles ($28.5B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Wisconsin products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Wisconsin.

$354B

2018 Value in Wisconsin

$594B

Projected 2045 Value in Wisconsin

67.9% growth

In 2018, total outbound Wisconsin trade was $354B. This is expected to increase 67.9% to $594B by 2045.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Wisconsin trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Wisconsin to other states, or from other states to Wisconsin.

Most Common Trade Partners

Illinois
$32.5B
Minnesota
$29.5B
Michigan
$16.2B

In 2018, the top outbound Wisconsin domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Illinois with $32.5B, followed by Minnesota with $29.5B and Michigan and $16.2B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Wisconsin shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Jefferson County, WI went to Donald J. Trump with 54.3% of the vote. The runner-up was Hillary Rodham Clinton (38.4%), followed by Other (7.36%). The most partisan county was Menominee County, WI with 78.4% of the vote going to Hillary Rodham Clinton running for the Democratic Party.

Ron Johnson and Tammy Baldwin are the senators currently representing the state of Wisconsin. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Wisconsin is currently represented by 8 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

2016 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (54.3%)
Republican Party
Hillary Rodham Clinton (38.4%)
Democratic Party
Other (7.36%)
Other Party

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Wisconsin went to Donald J. Trump with 54.3% of the vote. The runner-up was Hillary Rodham Clinton (38.4%), followed by Other (7.36%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Wisconsin for each registered party from 1976 to 2016.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of Wisconsin.

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

Donald J. Trump

Popular Vote for Jefferson County, WI

54.3% for the Republican Party

Most Partisan Counties in Wisconsin

Menominee County, WI
78.4% for Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democratic Party)
Florence County, WI
71.4% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Dane County, WI
70.2% for Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democratic Party)

In the 2016 presidential election, the most partisan county in Wisconsin was Menominee County, WI with 78.4% of the vote going to Hillary Rodham Clinton running for the Democratic Party.

The following map shows the counties in Wisconsin colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from Wisconsin

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Wisconsin.

Ron Johnson

Senator from Wisconsin

Assumed office on January 3, 2011

Tammy Baldwin

Senator from Wisconsin

Assumed office on January 3, 2013

Ron Johnson and Tammy Baldwin are the senators currently representing Wisconsin.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Wisconsin over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from Wisconsin

Wisconsin is currently represented by 8 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Wisconsin have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2019, universities in Jefferson County, WI awarded 212 degrees. The student population of Jefferson County, WI is skewed towards women, with 462 male students and 523 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Jefferson County, WI are White (190 and 91.3%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (7 and 3.37%), Two or More Races (5 and 2.4%), and Asian (3 and 1.44%).

The largest universities in Jefferson County, WI by number of degrees awarded are Maranatha Baptist University (212 and 100%).

The most popular majors in Jefferson County, WI are General Education (31 and 14.6%), Biblical Studies (22 and 10.4%), and General Interdisciplinary Studies (19 and 8.96%).

The median tuition cost in Jefferson County, WI for private four year colleges is $15,480.

Concentrations

Most Common

Humanistic Studies
11 degree-majorss awarded
General Interdisciplinary Studies
19 degree-majorss awarded
General Business Administration & Management
17 degree-majorss awarded

In 2019, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Jefferson County, WI was Humanistic Studies with 11 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Jefferson County, WI according to their major.

Universities

Maranatha Baptist University

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

212 degrees awarded

$15,480

Median Private

In 2019, the Jefferson County, WI institution with the largest number of graduating students was Maranatha Baptist University with 212 degrees awarded.

Student Gender for Common Institutions

100

Degrees Awarded to Men

112

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2019, 100 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Jefferson County, WI, which is 0.893 times less than the 112 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the gender disparity between the institutions in Jefferson County, WI by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
190 degrees awarded
Hispanic or Latino
7 degrees awarded
Two or More Races
5 degrees awarded

In 2019 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions in Jefferson County, WI was White students. These 190 degrees mean that there were 27.1 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Hispanic or Latino, with 7 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Jefferson County, WI was $190,400 in 2019, which is 0.792 times smaller than the national average of $240,500. Between 2018 and 2019 the median property value increased from $184,300 to $190,400, a 3.31% increase. The homeownership rate in Jefferson County, WI is 70.2%, which is higher than the national average of 64.1%. People in Jefferson County, WI have an average commute time of 23.5 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Jefferson County, WI is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$190,400

2019 Median

± $3,438

$184,300

2018 Median

± $2,961

In 2019, the median property value in Jefferson County, WI grew to to $190,400 from the previous year's value of $184,300.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Jefferson County, WI compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Jefferson County, WI the largest share of households have a property value in the $200k - $250k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$66,291

Median Household Income

± $1,974

33k

Number of Households

± 981

In 2019, the median household income of the 33k households in Jefferson County, WI grew to $66,291 from the previous year's value of $63,676.

The following chart displays the households in Jefferson County, WI distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Property Taxes

$3k+

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Jefferson County, WI distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Jefferson County, WI the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

Rent vs Own

70.2%

2019 Homeownership

70.1%

2018 Homeownership

In 2019, 70.2% of the housing units in Jefferson County, WI were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 70.1%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is higher than the national average of 64.1%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Jefferson County, WI compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

23.5 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Jefferson County, WI have a shorter commute time (23.5 minutes) than the normal US worker (25.5 minutes). Additionally, 1.73% of the workforce in Jefferson County, WI have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Jefferson County, WI compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2019

Drove Alone (81.8%)
Carpooled (8.78%)
Worked At Home (4.4%)

In 2019, 81.8% of workers in Jefferson County, WI drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (8.78%) and those who worked at home (4.4%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Jefferson County, WI distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Jefferson County, WI have 2 cars, followed by false.

Health

95.3% of the population of Jefferson County, WI has health coverage, with 56.9% on employee plans, 11.6% on Medicaid, 12% on Medicare, 13.1% on non-group plans, and 1.63% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in Wisconsin was $8,702 in 2014. This is a 6.26% increase from the previous year ($8,189).

Primary care physicians in Jefferson County, WI see 2240 patients per year on average, which represents a 10.2% decrease from the previous year (2495 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1695 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 974 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Adams County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (18.2%). Additionally, Columbia County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (45.7%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

2,240 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Jefferson County, WI

Primary care physicians in Jefferson County, WI see an average of 2,240 patients per year. This represents a 10.2% decrease from the previous year (2,495 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Jefferson County, WI in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Wisconsin.

$8,702

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in Wisconsin

$5,159

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$7,057

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$9,608

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Wisconsin (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 6.26%, from $8,189 to $8,702.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

4.74%

Uninsured

56.9%

Employer Coverage

11.6%

Medicaid

12%

Medicare

13.1%

Non-Group

1.63%

Military or VA

Between 2018 and 2019, the percent of uninsured citizens in Jefferson County, WI declined by 5.69% from 5.03% to 4.74%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Jefferson County, WI changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.