Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

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2022 Population

141,029

1.09% 1-year growth

US Senator

Jon Ossoff

Democratic Party

US Senator

Raphael Warnock

Democratic Party

2022 Median Age

41.4

0.73% 1-year increase

2022 Poverty Rate

13.7%

5.41% 1-year decrease

2022 Median Household Income

$58,437

8.41% 1-year growth

2022 Median Property Value

$174,200

14.4% 1-year growth

2022 Employed Population

57,073

3.45% 1-year growth

About

In 2022, Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA had a population of 141k people with a median age of 41.4 and a median household income of $58,437. Between 2021 and 2022 the population of Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA grew from 139,513 to 141,029, a 1.09% increase and its median household income grew from $53,905 to $58,437, a 8.41% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA are White (Non-Hispanic) (78.8%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (8.33%), Two+ (Hispanic) (2.95%), Other (Hispanic) (2.66%), and White (Hispanic) (2.53%).

9.58% of the households in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

96.1% of the residents in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA are U.S. citizens.

In 2022, the median property value in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA was $174,200, and the homeownership rate was 74.6%.

Most people in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 26.3 minutes. The average car ownership in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA was 2 cars per household.

Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA borders Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (North & Northwest) PUMA, GA, Georgia Mountains Regional Commission--Hall County (West)--Flowery Branch City PUMA, GA, Georgia Mountains Regional Commission--Hall County (East)--Gainesville City PUMA, GA, Northeast Georgia Regional Commission (Northwest)--Barrow & Jackson Counties PUMA, GA, Northeast Georgia Regional Commission (East) PUMA, GA, Pickens (Southwest Corner) & Oconee (West, Central) Counties--Seneca & Clemson Cities PUMA, SC, and Abbeville & Anderson (South) Counties--Belton City PUMA, SC.

United States Georgia South Carolina

Population & Diversity

Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA is home to a population of 141k people, from which 96.1% are citizens. As of 2022, 5.75% of Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA residents were born outside of the country (8.11k people).

In 2022, there were 9.46 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (111k people) in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA than any other race or ethnicity. There were 11.7k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 4.16k Two+ (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA are Spanish (9,592 households), Vietnamese (531 households), and Thai, Lao, or Other Tai-Kadai Languages (432 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

72,254

Women

51.2%

68,934

Men

48.8%

The resident population of United States in 2022 was 141,188 inhabitants, with 48.8% men, and 51.2% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in the United States.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

96.1%

2022 Citizenship

96.7%

2021 Citizenship

As of 2022, 96.1% of Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.5%. In 2021, the percentage of US citizens in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA was 96.7%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA

White (Non-Hispanic)
111k ± 276
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
11.7k ± 529
Two+ (Hispanic)
4.16k ± 759

8.75%

Hispanic Population

12.3k people

8.75% of the people in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA are hispanic (12.3k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

Mexico
4,167 ± 1,561 people
Guatemala
625 ± 612 people
Philippines
380 ± 478 people

In 2022, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA was Mexico, the natal country of 4,167 Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA residents, followed by Guatemala with 625 and Philippines with 380.

Foreign-Born Population

5.75%

2022 Foreign-Born Population

8.11k people

5.29%

2021 Foreign-Born Population

7.38k people

As of 2022, 5.75% of Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA residents (8.11k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.6%. In 2021, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA was 5.29%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
9,592 households (7.19%)
Vietnamese
531 households (0.398%)
Thai, Lao, or Other Tai-Kadai Languages
432 households (0.324%)

9.58% of the households in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 21.7%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2022, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA was Spanish. 7.19% of the households in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
3,394 ± 391
Gulf War (2001-)
1,453 ± 355
Gulf War (1990s)
841 ± 193

Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 2.34 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA employs 57.1k people. The largest industries in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA are Elementary & secondary schools (4,524 people), Restaurants & Food Services (3,874 people), and Construction (3,491 people), and the highest paying industries are Air transportation ($141,163), Nondepository credit & related activities ($137,826), and Securities, commodities, funds, trusts & other financial investments ($125,274).

Males in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA have an average income that is 1.32 times higher than the average income of females, which is $44,919. The income inequality in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA (measured using the Gini index) is 0.42, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

24,805

Women

45.6%

29,608

Men

54.4%

The workforce of Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA in 2020 was 54,413 people, with 45.6% woman, and 54.4% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

57.1k

2022 Value

3.45%

1 Year growth

± 3.45%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA grew at a rate of 3.45%, from 55.2k employees to 57.1k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA, are Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (1,898 people), Miscellaneous production workers, including semiconductor processors (1,710 people), and Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand (1,477 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Georgia (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Industries

Employment by Industries

57.1k

2022 Value

3.45%

1 Year growth

± 3.45%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA grew at a rate of 3.45%, from 55.2k employees to 57.1k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA, are Elementary & secondary schools (4,524 people), Restaurants & Food Services (3,874 people), and Construction (3,491 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA, though some of these residents may live in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$41,379

Median earning men ± $1,745

$30,508

Median earning women ± $1,243

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2022 are Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($82,000), Wholesale Trade ($52,893), and Educational Services, & Health Care & Social Assistance ($48,140).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2022 are Transportation & Warehousing, & Utilities ($39,853), Public Administration ($38,750), and Educational Services, & Health Care & Social Assistance ($37,660).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Georgia.

Y-Axis

2.94%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 4.87M people employed in Georgia. This represents a 2.94% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

Right after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during April 2020, a general dip can be seen across industry sectors, resulting in an overall decline in employment by 11.9%.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Georgia.

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Georgia went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 49.5% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (49.2%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.24%).

Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock are the senators currently representing the state of Georgia. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Georgia is currently represented by 14 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA. Showing the available data for Georgia.

2020 Election Results

Joseph R Biden Jr. (49.5%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (49.2%)
Republican Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.24%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Georgia went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 49.5% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (49.2%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.24%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Georgia for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Senator Elections

US Senators from Georgia

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Georgia.

Jon Ossoff

Senator from Georgia

Assumed office on January 20, 2021
Inauguration delayed as incumbent senator David Perdue's term expired on January 3, 2021, two days prior to the 2020-21 United States Senate election in Georgia|runoff election.

Raphael Warnock

Senator from Georgia

Assumed office on January 20, 2021
Elected to the seat to succeed Kelly Loeffler, who had been appointed to the seat following the resignation of Johnny Isakson.

Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock are the senators currently representing Georgia.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Georgia over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representative Elections

US Representatives from Georgia

Georgia is currently represented by 14 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Georgia have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2022, universities in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA awarded 2,368 degrees. The student population of Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA in 2022 is skewed towards women, with 2,734 male students and 4,454 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA are White (1,834 and 78.2%), followed by Black or African American (235 and 10%), Hispanic or Latino (142 and 6.05%), and Two or More Races (49 and 2.09%).

The median tuition cost in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA for private four year colleges is $22,464.

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

University

Measure

In 2022 in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA, the percentage of applicants admitted was 65%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 26.9%. The number of students enrolled in 2022 was 7,188 (38% men and 62% women).

The line chart shows the evolution of the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

Enrollments by Gender and Races

Universities

In 2022 there were 7,188 students enrolled in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA, 38% men and 62% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 5,265 records, of which 62.4% were women and 37.6% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Most Common

General Business Administration & Management
83 degrees awarded
Registered Nursing
75 degrees awarded
Elementary Education & Teaching
47 degrees awarded

In 2022, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA was General Business Administration & Management with 83 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA according to their major.

Student Diversity

University

In 2022, 865 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA, which is 0.576 times less than the 1,503 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2022 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 1,834 degrees mean that there were 7.8 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 235 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Universities

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($22,464) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2022.

Public, 2-year ($672) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2022.

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($1,200) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2022, 1.66% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 1.39% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA in 2022 were High School or Equivalent (39k), Some college (24.2k), and Secondary Education (21.4k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA was $174,200 in 2022, which is 0.618 times smaller than the national average of $281,900. Between 2021 and 2022 the median property value increased from $152,300 to $174,200, a 14.4% increase. The homeownership rate in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA is 74.6%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 64.8%.

People in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA have an average commute time of 26.3 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Median household income in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA is $58,437. In 2022, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA was Atlanta Regional Commission--Fulton County (Northeast)--Johns Creek & Alpharetta PUMA, GA with a value of $147,564, followed by Atlanta Regional Commission (Northwest)--Cobb County (Northeast) PUMA, GA and Atlanta Regional Commision (Northeast)--Forsyth County (South)--Cumming City PUMA, GA, with respective values of $137,120 and $134,743.

Housing

Property

$174,200

Median Property Value 2022

±$5,950

$38,292

Median Property Taxes

±$1,409

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA the largest share of households pay taxes in the < $800 range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

74.6%

Homeownership

2022

69.4%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2022

In 2022, 74.6% of the housing units in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 74.6%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2022, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA was Atlanta Regional Commission--Fulton County (Northeast)--Johns Creek & Alpharetta PUMA, GA with a value of $147,564, followed by Atlanta Regional Commission (Northwest)--Cobb County (Northeast) PUMA, GA and Atlanta Regional Commision (Northeast)--Forsyth County (South)--Cumming City PUMA, GA, with respective values of $137,120 and $134,743.

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$58,437

Median Household Income

± $2,415

51.3k

Number of Households

± 1,735

In 2022, the median household income of the 51.3k households in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA grew to $58,437 from the previous year's value of $53,905.

The following chart displays the households in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Wage Distribution

0.42

2022 Wage GINI in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA

0.407

2021 Wage GINI in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA

In 2022, the income inequality in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA was 0.42 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 3.2% growth from 2021 to 2022, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2022

Drove Alone (79.4%)
Carpooled (10.9%)
Worked At Home (7.26%)

In 2022, 79.4% of workers in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (10.9%) and those who worked at home (7.26%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

26.3 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA have a shorter commute time (26.3 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.7 minutes). Additionally, 3.71% of the workforce in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA have 2 cars.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

13.7% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA (18.5k out of 136k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.5%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Males 55 - 64, followed by Females 25 - 34 and then Females 35 - 44.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA is White, followed by Black and Hispanic.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Health

85.3% of the population of Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA has health coverage, with 39.6% on employee plans, 16.2% on Medicaid, 14.7% on Medicare, 13.2% on non-group plans, and 1.56% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in Georgia see 1491 patients per year on average, which represents a 0.067% decrease from the previous year (1492 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1882 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 596 patients per year.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Georgia.

1,491 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Georgia

Primary care physicians in Georgia see an average of 1,491 patients per year. This represents a 0.067% decrease from the previous year (1,492 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Georgia in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Health Care Diversity

In 2022, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 23.5% under 18 years, 19.4% between 18 and 34 years, 37.4% between 35 and 64 years, and 19.6% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 48.5% were men and 51.5% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

14.7%

Uninsured

39.6%

Employer Coverage

16.2%

Medicaid

14.7%

Medicare

13.2%

Non-Group

1.56%

Military or VA

Between 2021 and 2022, the percent of uninsured citizens in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA declined by 1.32% from 14.9% to 14.7%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Georgia Mountains Regional Commission (Southeast) PUMA, GA changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.