Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

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2023 Population

107,013

2.2% 1-year decline

US Senator

Marsha Blackburn

Republican Party

US Senator

Bill Hagerty

Republican Party

2023 Median Age

36.7

1.38% 1-year increase

2023 Poverty Rate

8.54%

11.6% 1-year decrease

2023 Median Household Income

$82,791

9.24% 1-year growth

2023 Median Property Value

$264,700

13.1% 1-year growth

2022 Employed Population

52,822

3.6% 1-year decline

About

In 2023, Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN had a population of 107k people with a median age of 36.7 and a median household income of $82,791. Between 2022 and 2023 the population of Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN declined from 109,422 to 107,013, a −2.2% decrease and its median household income grew from $75,791 to $82,791, a 9.24% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN are Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (46.4%), White (Non-Hispanic) (37.2%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (4.26%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (3.32%), and Two+ (Hispanic) (3.07%).

12.6% of the households in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

94.7% of the residents in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in N/A are L'Ecole Culinaire-Memphis (190 degrees awarded in 2018).

In 2023, the median property value in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN was $264,700, and the homeownership rate was 61.2%.

Most people in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 25 minutes. The average car ownership in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN was 2 cars per household.

Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN borders Memphis City (Southeast) PUMA, TN, Shelby County (North)--Bartlett (North & East), Millington & Lakeland cities PUMA, TN, Shelby County (Southeast)--Collierville town & Germantown city PUMA, TN, and Tipton & Fayette Counties PUMA, TN.

United States Tennessee

Population & Diversity

Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN is home to a population of 107k people, from which 94.7% are citizens. As of 2023, 9% of Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN residents were born outside of the country (9.63k people).

In 2023, there were 1.25 times more Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) residents (49.7k people) in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN than any other race or ethnicity. There were 39.8k White (Non-Hispanic) and 4.55k Asian (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN are Spanish (6,339 households), Arabic (1,275 households), and Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) (1,022 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

54,805

Women

50.5%

53,659

Men

49.5%

The resident population of United States in 2022 was 108,464 inhabitants, with 49.5% men, and 50.5% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in the United States.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

94.7%

2023 Citizenship

94.4%

2022 Citizenship

As of 2023, 94.7% of Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2022, the percentage of US citizens in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN was 94.4%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN

Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
49.7k ± 4.03k
White (Non-Hispanic)
39.8k ± 2.39k
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
4.55k ± 1.03k

8.34%

Hispanic Population

8.93k people

8.34% of the people in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN are hispanic (8.93k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

Venezuela
1,434 ± 924 people
Mexico
982 ± 766 people
China
958 ± 757 people

In 2022, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN was Venezuela, the natal country of 1,434 Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN residents, followed by Mexico with 982 and China with 958.

Foreign-Born Population

2023 Foreign-Born Population

9.63k people

9.38%

2022 Foreign-Born Population

10.3k people

As of 2023, 9% of Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN residents (9.63k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.8%. In 2022, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN was 9.38%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
6,339 households (6.31%)
Arabic
1,275 households (1.27%)
Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)
1,022 households (1.02%)

12.6% of the households in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 22%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2023, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN was Spanish. 6.31% of the households in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Gulf War (2001-)
1,902 ± 516
Vietnam
1,205 ± 278
Gulf War (1990s)
1,046 ± 342

Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN has a large population of military personnel who served in Gulf War (2001-), 1.58 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN employs 52.8k people. The largest industries in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN are Restaurants & Food Services (3,699 people), Elementary & secondary schools (3,046 people), and General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (3,022 people), and the highest paying industries are Air transportation ($268,456), Investigation & security services ($167,292), and Pulp, paper, & paperboard mills ($144,365).

Males in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN have an average income that is 1.22 times higher than the average income of females, which is $60,353. The income inequality in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN (measured using the Gini index) is 0.437, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

27,285

Women

50.5%

26,732

Men

49.5%

The workforce of Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN in 2020 was 54,017 people, with 50.5% woman, and 49.5% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

52.8k

2022 Value

−3.6%

1 Year decline

± −3.6%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN declined at a rate of −3.6%, from 54.8k employees to 52.8k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN, are Registered nurses (1,421 people), Firstline supervisors of retail sales workers (1,387 people), and Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (1,387 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Tennessee (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Industries

Employment by Industries

52.8k

2022 Value

−3.6%

1 Year decline

± −3.6%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN declined at a rate of −3.6%, from 54.8k employees to 52.8k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN, are Restaurants & Food Services (3,699 people), Elementary & secondary schools (3,046 people), and General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (3,022 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN, though some of these residents may live in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$53,148

Median earning men ± $3,254

$45,554

Median earning women ± $2,525

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2023 are Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining ($202,986), Information ($90,104), and Public Administration ($77,745).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2023 are Wholesale Trade ($56,047), Public Administration ($55,876), and Educational Services, & Health Care & Social Assistance ($54,820).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Tennessee.

Y-Axis

3.15%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 3.29M people employed in Tennessee. This represents a 3.15% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

Right after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during April 2020, a general dip can be seen across industry sectors, resulting in an overall decline in employment by 10.8%.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Tennessee.

Civics

In the 2024 presidential election, the popular vote in Tennessee went to Donald J. Trump with 64.2% of the vote. The runner-up was Kamala Harris (34.5%), followed by Robert Kennedy (0.703%).

Marsha Blackburn and Bill Hagerty are the senators currently representing the state of Tennessee. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Tennessee is currently represented by 9 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN. Showing the available data for Tennessee.

2024 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (64.2%)
Republican Party
Kamala Harris (34.5%)
Democratic Party
Robert Kennedy (0.703%)
Independent Party

In the 2024 presidential election, the popular vote in Tennessee went to Donald J. Trump with 64.2% of the vote. The runner-up was Kamala Harris (34.5%), followed by Robert Kennedy (0.703%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Tennessee for each registered party from 1976 to 2024.

Senator Elections

US Senators from Tennessee

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Tennessee.

Marsha Blackburn

Senator from Tennessee

Assumed office on January 3, 2019

Bill Hagerty

Senator from Tennessee

Assumed office on January 3, 2021

Marsha Blackburn and Bill Hagerty are the senators currently representing Tennessee.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Tennessee over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representative Elections

US Representatives from Tennessee

Tennessee is currently represented by 9 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Tennessee have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2018, universities in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN awarded 190 degrees. The student population of Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN in 2017 is skewed towards women, with 109 male students and 163 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN are Black or African American (153 and 80.5%), followed by White (31 and 16.3%), Asian (3 and 1.58%), and Hispanic or Latino (1 and 0.526%).

The largest universities in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN by number of degrees awarded are L'Ecole Culinaire-Memphis (190 and 100%).

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

Measure

In 2015 in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN, the percentage of applicants admitted was 96.5%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 43.6%. The number of students enrolled in 2017 was 272 (40.1% men and 59.9% women).

The line chart shows the evolution of the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

Enrollments by Gender and Races

In 2017 there were 272 students enrolled in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN, 40.1% men and 59.9% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in Black or African American with 215 records, of which 61.4% were women and 38.6% men.

Completions

Universities

Gender

Race

L'Ecole Culinaire-Memphis

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

190 degrees awarded

In 2018, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was L'Ecole Culinaire-Memphis with 190 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

In 2018, 74 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN, which is 0.638 times less than the 116 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2018 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was Black or African American students. These 153 degrees mean that there were 4.94 times more degrees awarded to Black or African American students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, White, with 31 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2022, 0.814% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.721% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN in 2022 were High School or Equivalent (20.8k), Bachelors Degree (20.4k), and Some college (20.1k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN was $264,700 in 2023, which is 0.872 times smaller than the national average of $303,400. Between 2022 and 2023 the median property value increased from $234,000 to $264,700, a 13.1% increase. The homeownership rate in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN is 61.2%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 65%.

People in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN have an average commute time of 25 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Median household income in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN is $82,791. In 2023, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN was Williamson County--Brentwood & Franklin cities, Nolensville town (west) PUMA, TN with a value of $132,781, followed by Williamson County--Thompson Station town & Fairview city PUMA, TN and Shelby County (Southeast)--Collierville town & Germantown city PUMA, TN, with respective values of $127,965 and $120,758.

Housing

Property

$264,700

Median Property Value 2023

±$8,225

$24,937

Median Property Taxes

±$1,627

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

61.2%

Homeownership

2023

68.9%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2023

In 2023, 61.2% of the housing units in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 61.3%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2023, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN was Williamson County--Brentwood & Franklin cities, Nolensville town (west) PUMA, TN with a value of $132,781, followed by Williamson County--Thompson Station town & Fairview city PUMA, TN and Shelby County (Southeast)--Collierville town & Germantown city PUMA, TN, with respective values of $127,965 and $120,758.

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$82,791

Median Household Income

± $4,532

40.8k

Number of Households

± 2,220

In 2023, the median household income of the 40.8k households in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN grew to $82,791 from the previous year's value of $75,791.

The following chart displays the households in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Wage Distribution

0.437

2022 Wage GINI in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN

0.437

2021 Wage GINI in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN

In 2022, the income inequality in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN was 0.437 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.102% decline from 2021 to 2022, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2023

Drove Alone (79.8%)
Worked At Home (10%)
Carpooled (8.22%)

In 2023, 79.8% of workers in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN drove alone to work, followed by those who worked at home (10%) and those who carpooled to work (8.22%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

25 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN have a shorter commute time (25 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.6 minutes). Additionally, 0.812% of the workforce in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN have 2 cars.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

8.54% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN (8.8k out of 103k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.4%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Males 25 - 34 and then Males < 5.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN is Black, followed by White and Hispanic.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Health

91.2% of the population of Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN has health coverage, with 56% on employee plans, 9.51% on Medicaid, 9.75% on Medicare, 14.1% on non-group plans, and 1.78% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in Tennessee see 1403 patients per year on average, which represents a 0.143% increase from the previous year (1401 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1793 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 560 patients per year.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Tennessee.

1,403 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Tennessee

Primary care physicians in Tennessee see an average of 1,403 patients per year. This represents a 0.143% increase from the previous year (1,401 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Tennessee in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Health Care Diversity

In 2023, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 25.4% under 18 years, 22.7% between 18 and 34 years, 39% between 35 and 64 years, and 12.9% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 47.5% were men and 52.5% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

8.84%

Uninsured

56%

Employer Coverage

9.51%

Medicaid

9.75%

Medicare

14.1%

Non-Group

1.78%

Military or VA

Between 2022 and 2023, the percent of uninsured citizens in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN declined by 7.12% from 9.52% to 8.84%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Shelby County (East)--Memphis city (East) & Arlington town (South) PUMA, TN changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.