Rochester, NY

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)

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Population

1.07M

0.637% 1-year decline

US Senator

Chuck Schumer

Democratic Party

US Senator

Kirsten Gillibrand

Democratic Party

Median Age

40.5

Poverty Rate

13.8%

Median Household Income

$60,190

5.65% 1-year growth

Median Property Value

$148,000

2.42% 1-year growth

Number of Employees

518,484

2.27% 1-year decline

About

In 2018, Rochester, NY had a population of 1.07M people with a median age of 40.5 and a median household income of $60,190. Between 2017 and 2018 the population of Rochester, NY declined from 1.08M to 1.07M, a -0.637% decrease and its median household income grew from $56,969 to $60,190, a 5.65% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Rochester, NY are White (Non-Hispanic) (76.3%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (10.7%), White (Hispanic) (4.5%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (2.88%), and Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (2.1%). 11.9% of the people in Rochester, NY speak a non-English language, and 96.9% are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Rochester, NY are Rochester Institute of Technology (3,956 degrees awarded in 2017), University of Rochester (3,796 degrees), and SUNY College at Brockport (2,461 degrees).

The median property value in Rochester, NY is $148,000, and the homeownership rate is 68.2%. Most people in Rochester, NY commute by Drove Alone, and the average commute time is 20.6 minutes. The average car ownership in Rochester, NY is 2 cars per household.

Rochester, NY borders Auburn, NY, Batavia, NY, Corning, NY, Seneca Falls, NY, and Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY.

About the photo: Downtown Rochester from the Broad Street Bridge, looking north.

Photo by Rich Engelbrecht

United States New York

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for New York. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in New York, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Impact on Employment

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New York.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in New York (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New York.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of New York across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Civics

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in New York went to Hillary Rodham Clinton with 58.4% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (36.1%), followed by Gary Johnson (2.26%). The most partisan county was Bronx County, NY with 88.5% of the vote going to Hillary Rodham Clinton running for the Democratic Party.

Chuck Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand are the senators currently representing the state of New York. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

New York is currently represented by 27 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Rochester, NY. Showing the available data for New York.

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

2016 Election Results

Hillary Rodham Clinton (58.4%)
Democratic, Women's Equality, and Working Families Party
Donald J. Trump (36.1%)
Conservative and Republican Party
Gary Johnson (2.26%)
Independence and Libertarian Party

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in New York went to Hillary Rodham Clinton with 58.4% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (36.1%), followed by Gary Johnson (2.26%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in New York for each registered party from 1976 to 2016.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of New York.

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

Hillary Rodham Clinton

Popular Vote for New York

58.4% for the Democratic, Women's Equality, and Working Families Party

Most Partisan Counties in New York

Bronx County, NY
88.5% for Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democratic Party)
New York County, NY
86.6% for Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democratic Party)
Kings County, NY
79.5% for Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democratic Party)

In the 2016 presidential election, the most partisan county in New York was Bronx County, NY with 88.5% of the vote going to Hillary Rodham Clinton running for the Democratic Party.

The following map shows the counties in New York colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from New York

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for New York.

Chuck Schumer

Senator from New York

Assumed office on January 3, 1999

Kirsten Gillibrand

Senator from New York

Assumed office on January 26, 2009
Appointed to the seat following the resignation of Hillary Clinton, who had become Secretary of State.

Chuck Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand are the senators currently representing New York.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in New York over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from New York

New York is currently represented by 27 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for New York have changed over time starting in 2008.

Diversity

Rochester, NY is home to a population of 1.07M people, from which 96.9% are citizens. As of 2018, 7% of Rochester, NY residents were born outside of the country (75k people).

In 2018, there were 7.13 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (817k people) in Rochester, NY than any other race or ethnicity. There were 115k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 48.2k White (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common foreign languages spoken in Rochester, NY are Spanish (54,169 speakers), Italian (6,529 speakers), and Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) (5,884 speakers).

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Rochester, NY

White (Non-Hispanic)
817k ± 597
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
115k ± 3.1k
White (Hispanic)
48.2k ± 3.69k

7.57%

Hispanic Population

81.1k people

7.57% of the people in Rochester, NY are hispanic (81.1k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Rochester, NY as a share of the total population.

Non-English Speakers

Most Common Languages

Spanish
54,169 speakers (5.34%)
Italian
6,529 speakers (0.644%)
Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)
5,884 speakers (0.58%)

11.9% of Rochester, NY citizens are speakers of a non-English language, which is lower than the national average of 21.9%. In 2018, the most common non-English language spoken in Rochester, NY was Spanish. 5.34% of the overall population of Rochester, NY are native Spanish speakers. 0.644% speak Italian and 0.58% speak Spanish, the next two most common languages.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

2018 Foreign-Born Population

75k people

6.97%

2017 Foreign-Born Population

75.1k people

As of 2018, 7% of Rochester, NY residents (75k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.7%. In 2017, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Rochester, NY was 6.97%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Rochester, NY compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.4

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 2

In 2018, the median age of all people in Rochester, NY was 40.5. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 40, were generally younger than than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 46. But people in Rochester, NY are getting getting older. In 2017, the average age of all Rochester, NY residents was 40.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the MSA level, so we are showing data for New York.

Most Common Origin

Dominican Republic
505,970 ± 17,236 people
China
407,280 ± 15,504 people
Mexico
222,031 ± 11,503 people

In 2018, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of New York was Dominican Republic, the natal country of 505,970 New York residents, followed by China with 407,280 and Mexico with 222,031.

Citizenship

96.9%

2018 Citizenship

96.8%

2017 Citizenship

As of 2018, 96.9% of Rochester, NY residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.2%. In 2017, the percentage of US citizens in Rochester, NY was 96.8%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Rochester, NY compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
19,959 ± 1,701
Gulf War (2001-)
8,006 ± 1,444
Gulf War (1990s)
6,609 ± 1,087

Rochester, NY has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 2.49 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

Median household income in Rochester, NY is $60,190. In 2018, the county with the highest Median Household Income in Rochester, NY was Nassau County, NY with a value of $116,304, followed by Putnam County, NY and Suffolk County, NY, with respective values of $102,525 and $100,468.

Males in New York have an average income that is 1.28 times higher than the average income of females, which is $63,914. The income inequality in New York (measured using the Gini index) is 0.493, which is higher than than the national average.

The economy of Rochester, NY employs 518k people. The largest industries in Rochester, NY are Health Care & Social Assistance (87,520 people), Educational Services (72,754 people), and Manufacturing (61,502 people), and the highest paying industries are Utilities ($67,074), Public Administration ($60,474), and Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($60,273).

Wages

Median Household Income

$60,190

2018 value

± $1,196

5.65%

1 Year Growth

± 2.86%

Households in Rochester, NY have a median annual income of $60,190, which is less than the median annual income of $61,937 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $56,969 in 2017, which represents a 5.65% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Rochester, NY compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Gender in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the MSA level, so we are showing data for New York.

$81,735

Average Male Salary in New York

± $1,216

$63,914

Average Female Salary in New York

± $886

In 2018, full-time male employees in New York made 1.28 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in New York by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the MSA level, so we are showing data for New York.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in New York

White
$69,391 ± $897
Asian
$66,385 ± $2,329
Two or More Races
$56,062 ± $4,048

In 2018 the highest paid race/ethnicity of New York workers was White. These workers were paid 1.05 times more than Asian workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in New York.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in New York by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Rochester, NY is from New York.

0.493

2018 Wage GINI in New York

0.497

2017 Wage GINI in New York

In 2018, the income inequality in New York was 0.493 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.874% decline from 2017 to 2018, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for New York was higher than than the national average of 0.479. In other words, wages are distributed less evenly in New York in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in New York across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2018, the county with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Rochester, NY was Nassau County, NY with a value of $116,304, followed by Putnam County, NY and Suffolk County, NY, with respective values of $102,525 and $100,468.

The following map shows all of the counties in Rochester, NY colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Gender

Females 25 - 34

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

13.8% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Rochester, NY (143k out of 1.04M people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 13.1%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 18 - 24 and then Males 18 - 24.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

White
84,019 ± 1,999
Black
40,634 ± 1,334
Hispanic
23,717 ± 935

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Rochester, NY is White, followed by Black and Hispanic.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

518k

2018 Value

± 10,577

-2.27%

1 Year decline

± 2.99%

From 2017 to 2018, employment in Rochester, NY declined at a rate of -2.27%, from 531k employees to 518k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Rochester, NY, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (59,158 people), Management Occupations (53,391 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (49,745 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Rochester, NY.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Rochester, NY, by number of employees, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (59,158 people), Management Occupations (53,391 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (49,745 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other MSAs, Rochester, NY has an unusually high number of residents working as Education Instruction, & Library Occupations (1.36 times higher than expected), Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners & Other Technical Occupations (1.3 times), and Health Technologists & Technicians (1.29 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Rochester, NY, by median earnings, are Law Enforcement Workers Including Supervisors ($75,072), Computer & Mathematical Occupations ($70,994), and Architecture & Engineering Occupations ($68,043).

Industries

Employment by Industries

518k

2018 Value

± 10,577

-2.27%

1 Year decline

± 2.99%

From 2017 to 2018, employment in Rochester, NY declined at a rate of -2.27%, from 531k employees to 518k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Rochester, NY, are Health Care & Social Assistance (87,520 people), Educational Services (72,754 people), and Manufacturing (61,502 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Rochester, NY, though some of these residents may live in Rochester, NY and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Rochester, NY, by number of employees, are Health Care & Social Assistance (87,520 people), Educational Services (72,754 people), and Manufacturing (61,502 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other MSAs, Rochester, NY has an unusually high number of Educational Services (1.53 times higher than expected), Manufacturing (1.22 times), and Health Care & Social Assistance (1.22 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Rochester, NY, by median earnings, are Utilities ($67,074), Public Administration ($60,474), and Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($60,273).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from New York to other states, or from other states to New York.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2015, the top outbound New York product (by dollars) was Mixed freight with $67.6B, followed by Electronics ($47.2B) and Misc. mfg. prods. ($45.3B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound New York products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for New York.

$570B

2015 Value in New York

$854B

Projected 2045 Value in New York

49.9% growth

In 2015, total outbound New York trade was $570B. This is expected to increase 49.9% to $854B by 2045.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound New York trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from New York to other states, or from other states to New York.

Most Common Trade Partners

New Jersey
$34.6B
Pennsylvania
$29.6B
Connecticut
$18.8B

In 2015, the top outbound New York domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was New Jersey with $34.6B, followed by Pennsylvania with $29.6B and Connecticut and $18.8B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that New York shares with each state (excluding itself).

Education

In 2017, universities in Rochester, NY awarded 19,930 degrees. The student population of Rochester, NY is skewed towards women, with 36,023 male students and 40,020 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Rochester, NY are White (12,917 and 72.3%), followed by Black or African American (1,463 and 8.19%), Hispanic or Latino (1,047 and 5.86%), and Unknown (1,009 and 5.65%).

The largest universities in Rochester, NY by number of degrees awarded are Rochester Institute of Technology (3,956 and 19.8%), University of Rochester (3,796 and 19%), and SUNY College at Brockport (2,461 and 12.3%).

The most popular majors in Rochester, NY are General Business Administration & Management (1,336 and 6.7%), Registered Nursing (1,155 and 5.8%), and General Studies (737 and 3.7%).

The median tuition costs in Rochester, NY are $32,232 for private four year colleges, and $6,670 and $16,320 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Concentrations

Most Common

General Psychology
621 degree-majorss awarded
General Biological Sciences
498 degree-majorss awarded
Registered Nursing
914 degree-majorss awarded

In 2015, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Rochester, NY was General Psychology with 621 degree-majorss awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Rochester, NY according to their major.

Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Rochester Institute of Technology
3,956 degrees awarded
University of Rochester
3,796 degrees awarded
SUNY College at Brockport
2,461 degrees awarded

$6,670

Median In-State Public

$32,232

Median Private

In 2017, the Rochester, NY institution with the largest number of graduating students was Rochester Institute of Technology with 3,956 degrees awarded.

Student Gender for Common Institutions

8,764

Degrees Awarded to Men

11,166

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2017, 8,764 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Rochester, NY, which is 0.785 times less than the 11,166 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the gender disparity between the top 5 institutions in Rochester, NY by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
12,917 degrees awarded
Black or African American
1,463 degrees awarded
Hispanic or Latino
1,047 degrees awarded

In 2017 the majority of degrees awarded at institutions in Rochester, NY were to White students. These 12,917 degrees mean that there were 8.83 times more White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 1,463 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Rochester, NY was $148,000 in 2018, which is 0.644 times smaller than the national average of $229,700. Between 2017 and 2018 the median property value increased from $144,500 to $148,000, a 2.42% increase. The homeownership rate in Rochester, NY is 68.2%, which is higher than the national average of 63.9%. People in Rochester, NY have an average commute time of 20.6 minutes, and they commute by Drove Alone. Car ownership in Rochester, NY is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$148,000

2018 Median

± $1,990

$144,500

2017 Median

± $2,011

In 2018, the median property value in Rochester, NY grew to to $148,000 from the previous year's value of $144,500.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Rochester, NY compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Rochester, NY the largest share of households have a property value in the $125k - $150k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$60,190

Median Household Income

± $1,196

431k

Number of Households

± 9,486

In 2018, the median household income of the 431k households in Rochester, NY grew to $60,190 from the previous year's value of $56,969.

The following chart displays the households in Rochester, NY distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Property Taxes

$3k+

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Rochester, NY distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Rochester, NY the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

Rent vs Own

68.2%

2018 Homeownership

66.6%

2017 Homeownership

In 2018, 68.2% of the housing units in Rochester, NY were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 66.6%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is higher than the national average of 63.9%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Rochester, NY compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

20.6 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Rochester, NY have a shorter commute time (20.6 minutes) than the normal US worker (25.7 minutes). Additionally, 1.53% of the workforce in Rochester, NY have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Rochester, NY compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Method of Travel

Drove Alone
80.9%
Carpooled
7.92%
Worked At Home
4.76%

In 2018, the most common method of travel for workers in Rochester, NY was Drove Alone (80.9%), followed by those who Carpooled (7.92%) and those who Worked At Home (4.76%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Rochester, NY distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Rochester, NY have 2 cars, followed by 1 car.

Health

96.4% of the population of Rochester, NY has health coverage, with 49.7% on employee plans, 19.5% on Medicaid, 13% on Medicare, 13.4% on non-group plans, and 0.791% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in New York was $9,778 in 2014. This is a 4.57% increase from the previous year ($9,351).

Primary care physicians in New York see 1202 patients per year on average, which represents a 0.25% increase from the previous year (1199 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1240 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 393 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Bronx County and Oswego County have the highest prevalence of diabetes (12.2%). Additionally, Chemung County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (33.3%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New York.

1,202 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in New York

Primary care physicians in New York see an average of 1,202 patients per year. This represents a 0.25% increase from the previous year (1,199 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in New York in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New York.

$9,778

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in New York

$5,338

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$9,803

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$12,179

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in New York (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 4.57%, from $9,351 to $9,778.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

3.64%

Uninsured

49.7%

Employer Coverage

19.5%

Medicaid

13%

Medicare

13.4%

Non-Group

0.791%

Military or VA

Between 2016 and 2017, the percent of uninsured citizens in Rochester, NY declined by 12.2% from 4.15% to 3.64%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Rochester, NY changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.