Jersey City, NJ

Census Place

Add Comparison

Population

265,560

1.92% 1-year decline

US Senator

Bob Menendez

Democratic Party

US Senator

Cory Booker

Democratic Party

Median Age

34.2

Poverty Rate

18.3%

Median Household Income

$72,561

9.5% 1-year growth

Median Property Value

$416,900

9.74% 1-year growth

Number of Employees

141,780

1.06% 1-year growth

About

In 2018, Jersey City, NJ had a population of 266k people with a median age of 34.2 and a median household income of $72,561. Between 2017 and 2018 the population of Jersey City, NJ declined from 270,750 to 265,560, a -1.92% decrease and its median household income grew from $66,264 to $72,561, a 9.5% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Jersey City, NJ are Asian (Non-Hispanic) (26.3%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (20.9%), White (Non-Hispanic) (20.4%), White (Hispanic) (13.9%), and Other (Hispanic) (10.2%). NaNk% of the people in Jersey City, NJ speak a non-English language, and 77.6% are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Jersey City, NJ are New Jersey City University (1,739 degrees awarded in 2017), Hudson County Community College (1,029 degrees), and Saint Peter's University (882 degrees).

The median property value in Jersey City, NJ is $416,900, and the homeownership rate is 29.6%. Most people in Jersey City, NJ commute by Public Transit, and the average commute time is 37 minutes. The average car ownership in Jersey City, NJ is 1 car per household.

Photo by Ludovic Bertron

United States New Jersey Hudson County, NJ New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for New Jersey. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in New Jersey, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

View Full Dashboard

Impact on Employment

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in New Jersey (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

View Full Dashboard

Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of New Jersey across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

View Full Dashboard

Civics

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Hudson County, NJ went to Hillary Rodham Clinton with 74.7% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (22.4%), followed by Other (2.92%). The most partisan county was Essex County, NJ with 77.5% of the vote going to Hillary Rodham Clinton running for the Democratic Party.

Bob Menendez and Cory Booker are the senators currently representing the state of New Jersey. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

New Jersey is currently represented by 12 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Jersey City, NJ. Showing the available data for Hudson County, NJ.

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

2016 Election Results

Hillary Rodham Clinton (74.7%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (22.4%)
Republican Party
Other (2.92%)
Other Party

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in New Jersey went to Hillary Rodham Clinton with 74.7% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (22.4%), followed by Other (2.92%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in New Jersey for each registered party from 1976 to 2016.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of New Jersey.

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

Hillary Rodham Clinton

Popular Vote for Hudson County, NJ

74.7% for the Democratic Party

Most Partisan Counties in New Jersey

Essex County, NJ
77.5% for Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democratic Party)
Hudson County, NJ
74.7% for Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democratic Party)
Mercer County, NJ
66.9% for Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democratic Party)

In the 2016 presidential election, the most partisan county in New Jersey was Essex County, NJ with 77.5% of the vote going to Hillary Rodham Clinton running for the Democratic Party.

The following map shows the counties in New Jersey colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from New Jersey

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

Bob Menendez

Senator from New Jersey

Assumed office on January 17, 2006
Appointed to the seat following the resignation of Jon Corzine, who had become Governor of New Jersey.

Cory Booker

Senator from New Jersey

Assumed office on October 31, 2013
Elected to the seat to succeed Jeffrey Chiesa, who had been appointed to the seat following the death of Frank Lautenberg.

Bob Menendez and Cory Booker are the senators currently representing New Jersey.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in New Jersey over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from New Jersey

New Jersey is currently represented by 12 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for New Jersey have changed over time starting in 2008.

Diversity

Jersey City, NJ is home to a population of 266k people, from which 77.6% are citizens. As of 2018, 40.8% of Jersey City, NJ residents were born outside of the country (108k people).

In 2018, there were 1.26 times more Asian (Non-Hispanic) residents (69.9k people) in Jersey City, NJ than any other race or ethnicity. There were 55.6k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 54.1k White (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Jersey City, NJ

Asian (Non-Hispanic)
69.9k ± 4.17k
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
55.6k ± 3.94k
White (Non-Hispanic)
54.1k ± 4.77k

28.6%

Hispanic Population

75.9k people

28.6% of the people in Jersey City, NJ are hispanic (75.9k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Jersey City, NJ as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

40.8%

2018 Foreign-Born Population

108k people

41%

2017 Foreign-Born Population

111k people

As of 2018, 40.8% of Jersey City, NJ residents (108k people) were born outside of the United States, which is higher than the national average of 13.7%. In 2017, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Jersey City, NJ was 41%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Jersey City, NJ compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.9

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 0.9

In 2018, the median age of all people in Jersey City, NJ was 34.2. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 29, were generally younger than than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 39. But people in Jersey City, NJ are getting getting older. In 2017, the average age of all Jersey City, NJ residents was 34.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for New Jersey.

Most Common Origin

India
260,034 ± 12,336 people
Dominican Republic
194,328 ± 10,704 people
Mexico
107,599 ± 8,005 people

In 2018, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of New Jersey was India, the natal country of 260,034 New Jersey residents, followed by Dominican Republic with 194,328 and Mexico with 107,599.

Citizenship

77.6%

2018 Citizenship

77.6%

2017 Citizenship

As of 2018, 77.6% of Jersey City, NJ residents were US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93.2%. In 2017, the percentage of US citizens in Jersey City, NJ was 77.6%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Jersey City, NJ compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

false
0 ± 0
false
0 ± 0
false
0 ± 0

Jersey City, NJ has a large population of military personnel who served in false, N/A times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

Median household income in Jersey City, NJ is $72,561. In 2018, the place with the highest Median Household Income in Jersey City, NJ was Census Tract 74 with a value of $187,917, followed by Census Tract 76 and Census Tract 73, with respective values of $186,302 and $158,438.

Males in New Jersey have an average income that is 1.36 times higher than the average income of females, which is $65,578. The income inequality in New Jersey (measured using the Gini index) is 0.493, which is higher than than the national average.

The economy of Jersey City, NJ employs 142k people. The largest industries in Jersey City, NJ are Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services (21,062 people), Finance & Insurance (16,739 people), and Retail Trade (15,776 people), and the highest paying industries are Finance & Insurance ($120,704), Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($102,444), and Utilities ($101,964).

Wages

Median Household Income

$72,561

2018 value

± $5,643

9.5%

1 Year Growth

± 10.7%

Households in Jersey City, NJ have a median annual income of $72,561, which is more than the median annual income of $61,937 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $66,264 in 2017, which represents a 9.5% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Jersey City, NJ compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Gender in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for New Jersey.

$89,489

Average Male Salary in New Jersey

± $1,731

$65,578

Average Female Salary in New Jersey

± $1,240

In 2018, full-time male employees in New Jersey made 1.36 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in New Jersey by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for New Jersey.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in New Jersey

Asian
$86,392 ± $3,381
White
$72,755 ± $1,266
Two or More Races
$54,823 ± $4,874

In 2018 the highest paid race/ethnicity of New Jersey workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.19 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in New Jersey.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in New Jersey by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Jersey City, NJ is from New Jersey.

0.493

2018 Wage GINI in New Jersey

0.493

2017 Wage GINI in New Jersey

In 2018, the income inequality in New Jersey was 0.493 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.0656% decline from 2017 to 2018, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for New Jersey was higher than than the national average of 0.479. In other words, wages are distributed less evenly in New Jersey in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in New Jersey across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 74
Census Tract 76
Census Tract 73

In 2018, the place with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Jersey City, NJ was Census Tract 74 with a value of $187,917, followed by Census Tract 76 and Census Tract 73, with respective values of $186,302 and $158,438.

The following map shows all of the places in Jersey City, NJ colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Gender

Females 25 - 34

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

18.3% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Jersey City, NJ (47.4k out of 259k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 13.1%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Males 25 - 34 and then Females 18 - 24.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

Hispanic
17,957 ± 1,103
White
15,649 ± 909
Black
14,751 ± 916

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Jersey City, NJ is Hispanic, followed by White and Black.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

142k

2018 Value

± 6,557

1.06%

1 Year growth

± 6.49%

From 2017 to 2018, employment in Jersey City, NJ grew at a rate of 1.06%, from 140k employees to 142k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Jersey City, NJ, are Business & Financial Operations Occupations (15,400 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (14,651 people), and Computer & Mathematical Occupations (14,566 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Jersey City, NJ.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Jersey City, NJ, by number of employees, are Business & Financial Operations Occupations (15,400 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (14,651 people), and Computer & Mathematical Occupations (14,566 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Jersey City, NJ has an unusually high number of residents working as Computer & Mathematical Occupations (3.1 times higher than expected), Business & Financial Operations Occupations (1.95 times), and Legal Occupations (1.89 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Jersey City, NJ, by median earnings, are Legal Occupations ($125,172), Management Occupations ($97,386), and Computer & Mathematical Occupations ($92,778).

Industries

Employment by Industries

142k

2018 Value

± 6,557

1.06%

1 Year growth

± 6.49%

From 2017 to 2018, employment in Jersey City, NJ grew at a rate of 1.06%, from 140k employees to 142k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Jersey City, NJ, are Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services (21,062 people), Finance & Insurance (16,739 people), and Retail Trade (15,776 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Jersey City, NJ, though some of these residents may live in Jersey City, NJ and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Jersey City, NJ, by number of employees, are Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services (21,062 people), Finance & Insurance (16,739 people), and Retail Trade (15,776 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Jersey City, NJ has an unusually high number of Finance & Insurance (2.55 times higher than expected), Information (2.12 times), and Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services (1.97 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Jersey City, NJ, by median earnings, are Finance & Insurance ($120,704), Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($102,444), and Utilities ($101,964).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from New Jersey to other states, or from other states to New Jersey.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2015, the top outbound New Jersey product (by dollars) was Pharmaceuticals with $48.1B, followed by Electronics ($36.5B) and Motorized vehicles ($35.3B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound New Jersey products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for New Jersey.

$467B

2015 Value in New Jersey

$734B

Projected 2045 Value in New Jersey

57.1% growth

In 2015, total outbound New Jersey trade was $467B. This is expected to increase 57.1% to $734B by 2045.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound New Jersey trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from New Jersey to other states, or from other states to New Jersey.

Most Common Trade Partners

New York
$70.5B
Pennsylvania
$48.9B
California
$16.6B

In 2015, the top outbound New Jersey domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was New York with $70.5B, followed by Pennsylvania with $48.9B and California and $16.6B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that New Jersey shares with each state (excluding itself).

Education

In 2017, universities in Jersey City, NJ awarded 4,172 degrees. The student population of Jersey City, NJ is skewed towards women, with 8,282 male students and 13,099 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Jersey City, NJ are Hispanic or Latino (1,638 and 40.4%), followed by White (924 and 22.8%), Black or African American (726 and 17.9%), and Unknown (367 and 9.06%).

The largest universities in Jersey City, NJ by number of degrees awarded are New Jersey City University (1,739 and 41.7%), Hudson County Community College (1,029 and 24.7%), and Saint Peter's University (882 and 21.1%).

The most popular majors in Jersey City, NJ are Liberal Arts & Sciences (500 and 12%), General Business Administration & Management (296 and 7.09%), and Registered Nursing (249 and 5.97%).

The median tuition costs in Jersey City, NJ are $35,326 for private four year colleges, and $8,438 and $17,640 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Concentrations

Most Common

Registered Nursing
185 degree-majorss awarded
General Business Administration & Management
200 degree-majorss awarded
General Psychology
196 degree-majorss awarded

In 2015, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Jersey City, NJ was Registered Nursing with 185 degree-majorss awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Jersey City, NJ according to their major.

Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

New Jersey City University
1,739 degrees awarded
Hudson County Community College
1,029 degrees awarded
Saint Peter's University
882 degrees awarded

$8,438

Median In-State Public

$35,326

Median Private

In 2017, the Jersey City, NJ institution with the largest number of graduating students was New Jersey City University with 1,739 degrees awarded.

Student Gender for Common Institutions

1,440

Degrees Awarded to Men

2,732

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2017, 1,440 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Jersey City, NJ, which is 0.527 times less than the 2,732 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the gender disparity between the top 5 institutions in Jersey City, NJ by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino
1,638 degrees awarded
White
924 degrees awarded
Black or African American
726 degrees awarded

In 2017 the majority of degrees awarded at institutions in Jersey City, NJ were to Hispanic or Latino students. These 1,638 degrees mean that there were 1.77 times more Hispanic or Latino students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, White, with 924 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Jersey City, NJ was $416,900 in 2018, which is 1.81 times larger than the national average of $229,700. Between 2017 and 2018 the median property value increased from $379,900 to $416,900, a 9.74% increase. The homeownership rate in Jersey City, NJ is 29.6%, which is lower than the national average of 63.9%. People in Jersey City, NJ have an average commute time of 37 minutes, and they commute by Public Transit. Car ownership in Jersey City, NJ is lower than the national average, with an average of 1 car per household.

Housing

Property Value

$416,900

2018 Median

± $29,025

$379,900

2017 Median

± $15,526

In 2018, the median property value in Jersey City, NJ grew to to $416,900 from the previous year's value of $379,900.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Jersey City, NJ compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Jersey City, NJ the largest share of households have a property value in the N/A range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$72,561

Median Household Income

± $5,643

102k

Number of Households

± 5,439

In 2018, the median household income of the 102k households in Jersey City, NJ grew to $72,561 from the previous year's value of $66,264.

The following chart displays the households in Jersey City, NJ distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $200k+ range.

Property Taxes

$3k+

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Jersey City, NJ distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Jersey City, NJ the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

Rent vs Own

29.6%

2018 Homeownership

31.2%

2017 Homeownership

In 2018, 29.6% of the housing units in Jersey City, NJ were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 31.2%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is lower than the national average of 63.9%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Jersey City, NJ compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

37 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Jersey City, NJ have a longer commute time (37 minutes) than the normal US worker (25.7 minutes). Additionally, 4.74% of the workforce in Jersey City, NJ have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Jersey City, NJ compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Method of Travel

Public Transit
52.6%
Drove Alone
29.7%
Carpooled
6.13%

In 2018, the most common method of travel for workers in Jersey City, NJ was Public Transit (52.6%), followed by those who Drove Alone (29.7%) and those who Carpooled (6.13%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

1 car

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Jersey City, NJ distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Jersey City, NJ have 1 car, followed by 0 cars.

Health

88.1% of the population of Jersey City, NJ has health coverage, with 49% on employee plans, 23% on Medicaid, 7.39% on Medicare, 8.05% on non-group plans, and 0.652% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in New Jersey was $8,859 in 2014. This is a 4.91% increase from the previous year ($8,444).

Primary care physicians in Hudson County, NJ see 1923 patients per year on average, which represents a 2.29% increase from the previous year (1880 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1650 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 1889 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Salem County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (12.1%). Additionally, Cumberland County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (34.7%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the country level. Showing data for Hudson County, NJ.

1,923 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Hudson County, NJ

Primary care physicians in Hudson County, NJ see an average of 1,923 patients per year. This represents a 2.29% increase from the previous year (1,880 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Hudson County, NJ in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

$8,859

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in New Jersey

$5,081

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$8,049

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$12,614

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in New Jersey (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 4.91%, from $8,444 to $8,859.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

11.9%

Uninsured

49%

Employer Coverage

23%

Medicaid

7.39%

Medicare

8.05%

Non-Group

0.652%

Military or VA

Between 2016 and 2017, the percent of uninsured citizens in Jersey City, NJ grew by 1.69% from 11.7% to 11.9%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Jersey City, NJ changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.