Jackson County, MI

County

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2019 Population

158,636

0.174% 1-year decline

US Senator

Debbie Stabenow

Democratic Party

US Senator

Gary Peters

Democratic Party

2019 Median Age

41.2

0% 1-year change

2019 Poverty Rate

13.8%

2% 1-year decrease

2019 Median Household Income

$53,658

4.33% 1-year growth

2019 Median Property Value

$131,600

6.04% 1-year growth

2019 Employed Population

68,695

1.28% 1-year growth

About

In 2019, Jackson County, MI had a population of 159k people with a median age of 41.2 and a median household income of $53,658. Between 2018 and 2019 the population of Jackson County, MI declined from 158,913 to 158,636, a −0.174% decrease and its median household income grew from $51,431 to $53,658, a 4.33% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Jackson County, MI are White (Non-Hispanic) (84.6%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (7.69%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (2.86%), White (Hispanic) (2.67%), and Asian (Non-Hispanic) (0.817%). 0% of the households in Jackson County, MI speak a non-English language at home as their primary language.

99.1% of the residents in Jackson County, MI are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Jackson County, MI are Spring Arbor University (962 degrees awarded in 2019), Jackson College (895 degrees), and Career Quest Learning Centers-Jackson (157 degrees).

In 2019, the median property value in Jackson County, MI was $131,600, and the homeownership rate was 73.5%. Most people in Jackson County, MI drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 22.3 minutes. The average car ownership in Jackson County, MI was 2 cars per household.

Jackson County, MI borders Calhoun County, MI, Eaton County, MI, Hillsdale County, MI, Ingham County, MI, Lenawee County, MI, Livingston County, MI, and Washtenaw County, MI.

About the photo: Phyllis Haehnle Memorial Audubon Sanctuary

Photo by Barbara Eckstein

United States Michigan Jackson, MI

Diversity

Jackson County, MI is home to a population of 159k people, from which 99.1% are citizens. As of 2019, 3.07% of Jackson County, MI residents were born outside of the country (4.86k people).

In 2019, there were 11 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (134k people) in Jackson County, MI than any other race or ethnicity. There were 12.2k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 4.54k Two+ (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Jackson County, MI

White (Non-Hispanic)
134k ± 100
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
12.2k ± 571
Two+ (Non-Hispanic)
4.54k ± 585

3.53%

Hispanic Population

5.61k people

3.53% of the people in Jackson County, MI are hispanic (5.61k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Jackson County, MI as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

3.07%

2019 Foreign-Born Population

4.86k people

1.78%

2018 Foreign-Born Population

2.82k people

As of 2019, 3.07% of Jackson County, MI residents (4.86k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 34%. In 2018, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Jackson County, MI was 1.78%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Jackson County, MI compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.2

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 3.2

In 2019, the median age of all people in Jackson County, MI was 41.2. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 41, were generally younger than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 49. But people in Jackson County, MI are getting staying the same age. In 2018, the average age of all Jackson County, MI residents was 41.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Michigan.

Most Common Origin

Mexico
80,443 ± 6,935 people
India
73,340 ± 6,624 people
Iraq
55,052 ± 5,745 people

In 2019, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Michigan was Mexico, the natal country of 80,443 Michigan residents, followed by India with 73,340 and Iraq with 55,052.

Citizenship

99.1%

2019 Citizenship

99.1%

2018 Citizenship

As of 2019, 99.1% of Jackson County, MI residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2018, the percentage of US citizens in Jackson County, MI was 99.1%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Jackson County, MI compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
3,526 ± 267
Gulf War (2001-)
1,389 ± 215
Gulf War (1990s)
1,254 ± 209

Jackson County, MI has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 2.54 times greater than any other conflict.

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for Michigan. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in Michigan, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Michigan.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Michigan (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Michigan.

Y-Axis

8.45%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between May 2020 and May 2021

As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in Michigan. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Michigan.

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Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Michigan.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of Michigan across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Economy

Median household income in Jackson County, MI is $53,658. In 2019, the tract with the highest median household income in Jackson County, MI was Census Tract 52 with a value of $93,443, followed by Census Tract 68.04 and Census Tract 63.04, with respective values of $80,997 and $76,125.

Males in Michigan have an average income that is 1.37 times higher than the average income of females, which is $49,622. The income inequality in Michigan (measured using the Gini index) is 0.475, which is lower than than the national average.

The economy of Jackson County, MI employs 68.7k people. The largest industries in Jackson County, MI are Manufacturing (13,654 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (10,907 people), and Retail Trade (8,191 people), and the highest paying industries are Utilities ($88,378), Transportation & Warehousing, & Utilities ($55,861), and Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($53,506).

Wages

Median Household Income

$53,658

2019 value

± $1,143

4.33%

1 Year Growth

± 3.16%

Households in Jackson County, MI have a median annual income of $53,658, which is less than the median annual income of $65,712 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $51,431 in 2018, which represents a 4.33% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Jackson County, MI compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Gender in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Michigan.

$67,777

Average Male Salary in Michigan

± $1,173

$49,622

Average Female Salary in Michigan

± $892

In 2019, full-time male employees in Michigan made 1.37 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Michigan by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Michigan.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in Michigan

Asian
$66,769 ± $4,515
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
$58,569 ± $71,898
White
$51,731 ± $750

In 2019 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Michigan workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.14 times more than Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in Michigan.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Michigan by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Jackson County, MI is from Michigan.

0.475

2019 Wage GINI in Michigan

0.476

2018 Wage GINI in Michigan

In 2019, the income inequality in Michigan was 0.475 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.169% decline from 2018 to 2019, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Michigan was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Michigan in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Michigan across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 52
Census Tract 68.04
Census Tract 63.04

In 2019, the tract with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Jackson County, MI was Census Tract 52 with a value of $93,443, followed by Census Tract 68.04 and Census Tract 63.04, with respective values of $80,997 and $76,125.

The following map shows all of the tracts in Jackson County, MI colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Gender

Females 25 - 34

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

13.8% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Jackson County, MI (20.5k out of 149k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.3%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 35 - 44 and then Females 45 - 54.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

White
15,224 ± 800
Black
3,434 ± 412
Two Or More
1,500 ± 340

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Jackson County, MI is White, followed by Black and Two Or More.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

68.7k

2019 Value

± 1,668

1.28%

1 Year growth

± 3.33%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Jackson County, MI grew at a rate of 1.28%, from 67.8k employees to 68.7k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Jackson County, MI, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (8,427 people), Production Occupations (8,293 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (6,464 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Jackson County, MI.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Jackson County, MI, by number of employees, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (8,427 people), Production Occupations (8,293 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (6,464 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, Jackson County, MI has an unusually high number of residents working as Production Occupations (2.13 times higher than expected), Healthcare Support Occupations (1.28 times), and Law Enforcement Workers Including Supervisors (1.27 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Jackson County, MI, by median earnings, are Architecture & Engineering Occupations ($78,623), Legal Occupations ($72,344), and Computer, Engineering, & Science Occupations ($71,451).

Industries

Employment by Industries

68.7k

2019 Value

± 1,668

1.28%

1 Year growth

± 3.33%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Jackson County, MI grew at a rate of 1.28%, from 67.8k employees to 68.7k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Jackson County, MI, are Manufacturing (13,654 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (10,907 people), and Retail Trade (8,191 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Jackson County, MI, though some of these residents may live in Jackson County, MI and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Jackson County, MI, by number of employees, are Manufacturing (13,654 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (10,907 people), and Retail Trade (8,191 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, Jackson County, MI has an unusually high number of Utilities (2.56 times higher than expected), Manufacturing (1.99 times), and Health Care & Social Assistance (1.14 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Jackson County, MI, by median earnings, are Utilities ($88,378), Transportation & Warehousing, & Utilities ($55,861), and Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($53,506).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Michigan to other states, or from other states to Michigan.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2018, the top outbound Michigan product (by dollars) was Motorized vehicles with $213B, followed by Machinery ($50.8B) and Mixed freight ($37.9B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Michigan products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Michigan.

$636B

2018 Value in Michigan

$1.17T

Projected 2045 Value in Michigan

83.6% growth

In 2018, total outbound Michigan trade was $636B. This is expected to increase 83.6% to $1.17T by 2045.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Michigan trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Michigan to other states, or from other states to Michigan.

Most Common Trade Partners

Ohio
$44B
Indiana
$33.2B
Texas
$30.5B

In 2018, the top outbound Michigan domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Ohio with $44B, followed by Indiana with $33.2B and Texas and $30.5B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Michigan shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Jackson County, MI went to Donald J. Trump with 57.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Hillary Rodham Clinton (37%), followed by Other (5.87%). The most partisan county was Missaukee County, MI with 73.6% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

Debbie Stabenow and Gary Peters are the senators currently representing the state of Michigan. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Michigan is currently represented by 14 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

2016 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (57.1%)
Republican Party
Hillary Rodham Clinton (37%)
Democratic Party
Other (5.87%)
Other Party

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Michigan went to Donald J. Trump with 57.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Hillary Rodham Clinton (37%), followed by Other (5.87%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Michigan for each registered party from 1976 to 2016.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of Michigan.

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

Donald J. Trump

Popular Vote for Jackson County, MI

57.1% for the Republican Party

Most Partisan Counties in Michigan

Missaukee County, MI
73.6% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Hillsdale County, MI
70.7% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Sanilac County, MI
69.9% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)

In the 2016 presidential election, the most partisan county in Michigan was Missaukee County, MI with 73.6% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

The following map shows the counties in Michigan colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from Michigan

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Michigan.

Debbie Stabenow

Senator from Michigan

Assumed office on January 3, 2001

Gary Peters

Senator from Michigan

Assumed office on January 3, 2015

Debbie Stabenow and Gary Peters are the senators currently representing Michigan.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Michigan over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from Michigan

Michigan is currently represented by 14 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Michigan have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2019, universities in Jackson County, MI awarded 2,014 degrees. The student population of Jackson County, MI is skewed towards women, with 2,486 male students and 5,564 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Jackson County, MI are White (1,344 and 66.8%), followed by Unknown (318 and 15.8%), Black or African American (197 and 9.8%), and Hispanic or Latino (61 and 3.03%).

The largest universities in Jackson County, MI by number of degrees awarded are Spring Arbor University (962 and 47.8%), Jackson College (895 and 44.4%), and Career Quest Learning Centers-Jackson (157 and 7.8%).

The most popular majors in Jackson County, MI are General Business Administration & Management (322 and 16%), Other Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration, Nursing Research, & Clinical Nursing (246 and 12.2%), and Social Work (186 and 9.24%).

The median tuition costs in Jackson County, MI are $29,030 for private four year colleges, and $7,692 and $10,256 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Concentrations

Most Common

Liberal Arts & Sciences
127 degree-majorss awarded
General Business Administration & Management
150 degree-majorss awarded
General Studies
145 degree-majorss awarded

In 2019, the most common concentation for Associates Degree recipients in Jackson County, MI was Liberal Arts & Sciences with 127 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Associates Degree from schools in Jackson County, MI according to their major.

Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Spring Arbor University
962 degrees awarded
Jackson College
895 degrees awarded
Career Quest Learning Centers-Jackson
157 degrees awarded

$7,692

Median In-State Public

$29,030

Median Private

In 2019, the Jackson County, MI institution with the largest number of graduating students was Spring Arbor University with 962 degrees awarded.

Student Gender for Common Institutions

682

Degrees Awarded to Men

1,332

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2019, 682 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Jackson County, MI, which is 0.512 times less than the 1,332 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the gender disparity between the institutions in Jackson County, MI by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
1,344 degrees awarded
Unknown
318 degrees awarded
Black or African American
197 degrees awarded

In 2019 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions in Jackson County, MI was White students. These 1,344 degrees mean that there were 4.23 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Unknown, with 318 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Jackson County, MI was $131,600 in 2019, which is 0.547 times smaller than the national average of $240,500. Between 2018 and 2019 the median property value increased from $124,100 to $131,600, a 6.04% increase. The homeownership rate in Jackson County, MI is 73.5%, which is higher than the national average of 64.1%. People in Jackson County, MI have an average commute time of 22.3 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Jackson County, MI is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$131,600

2019 Median

± $2,862

$124,100

2018 Median

± $3,136

In 2019, the median property value in Jackson County, MI grew to to $131,600 from the previous year's value of $124,100.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Jackson County, MI compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Jackson County, MI the largest share of households have a property value in the $100k - $125k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$53,658

Median Household Income

± $1,143

61.8k

Number of Households

± 1,556

In 2019, the median household income of the 61.8k households in Jackson County, MI grew to $53,658 from the previous year's value of $51,431.

The following chart displays the households in Jackson County, MI distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Property Taxes

$800 - $1,499

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Jackson County, MI distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Jackson County, MI the largest share of households pay taxes in the $800 - $1,499 range.

Rent vs Own

73.5%

2019 Homeownership

73.4%

2018 Homeownership

In 2019, 73.5% of the housing units in Jackson County, MI were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 73.4%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is higher than the national average of 64.1%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Jackson County, MI compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

22.3 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Jackson County, MI have a shorter commute time (22.3 minutes) than the normal US worker (25.5 minutes). Additionally, 1.65% of the workforce in Jackson County, MI have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Jackson County, MI compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2019

Drove Alone (84.7%)
Carpooled (8.43%)
Worked At Home (3.27%)

In 2019, 84.7% of workers in Jackson County, MI drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (8.43%) and those who worked at home (3.27%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Jackson County, MI distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Jackson County, MI have 2 cars, followed by false.

Health

94.2% of the population of Jackson County, MI has health coverage, with 47% on employee plans, 19.3% on Medicaid, 13.7% on Medicare, 13% on non-group plans, and 1.17% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in Michigan was $8,055 in 2014. This is a 4% increase from the previous year ($7,745).

Primary care physicians in Jackson County, MI see 2269 patients per year on average, which represents a 3% increase from the previous year (2203 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1468 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 339 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Montmorency County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (18.6%). Additionally, Gratiot County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (45.6%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

2,269 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Jackson County, MI

Primary care physicians in Jackson County, MI see an average of 2,269 patients per year. This represents a 3% increase from the previous year (2,203 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Jackson County, MI in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Michigan.

$8,055

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in Michigan

$3,950

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$5,915

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$11,318

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Michigan (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 4%, from $7,745 to $8,055.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

5.77%

Uninsured

47%

Employer Coverage

19.3%

Medicaid

13.7%

Medicare

13%

Non-Group

1.17%

Military or VA

Between 2018 and 2019, the percent of uninsured citizens in Jackson County, MI declined by 9.7% from 6.39% to 5.77%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Jackson County, MI changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.