Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

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2022 Population

114,724

0.357% 1-year decline

US Senator

Ron Wyden

Democratic Party

US Senator

Jeff Merkley

Democratic Party

2022 Median Age

39.2

1.03% 1-year increase

2022 Poverty Rate

12.4%

8.19% 1-year decrease

2022 Median Household Income

$66,681

11.8% 1-year growth

2022 Median Property Value

$343,200

15.6% 1-year growth

2022 Employed Population

50,413

1.88% 1-year growth

About

In 2022, Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR had a population of 115k people with a median age of 39.2 and a median household income of $66,681. Between 2021 and 2022 the population of Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR declined from 115,135 to 114,724, a −0.357% decrease and its median household income grew from $59,655 to $66,681, a 11.8% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR are White (Non-Hispanic) (76.1%), White (Hispanic) (7.98%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (5.03%), Two+ (Hispanic) (4.74%), and Other (Hispanic) (2.67%).

10.9% of the households in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

96.9% of the residents in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR are Northwest College-Medford (103 degrees awarded in 2022), Phagans Medford Beauty School (31 degrees), and Pacific Bible College (6 degrees).

In 2022, the median property value in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR was $343,200, and the homeownership rate was 59.1%.

Most people in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 16.7 minutes. The average car ownership in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR was 2 cars per household.

Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR borders Jackson County (Outside Medford & Central Point Cities)--Ashland City PUMA, OR.

United States Oregon

Population & Diversity

Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR is home to a population of 115k people, from which 96.9% are citizens. As of 2022, 5.62% of Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR residents were born outside of the country (6.44k people).

In 2022, there were 9.54 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (87.3k people) in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR than any other race or ethnicity. There were 9.16k White (Hispanic) and 5.77k Two+ (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR are Spanish (9,343 households), German (356 households), and Russian (302 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

58,820

Women

51.2%

55,996

Men

48.8%

The resident population of United States in 2022 was 114,816 inhabitants, with 48.8% men, and 51.2% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in the United States.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

96.9%

2022 Citizenship

96.8%

2021 Citizenship

As of 2022, 96.9% of Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.5%. In 2021, the percentage of US citizens in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR was 96.8%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR

White (Non-Hispanic)
87.3k ± 1.85k
White (Hispanic)
9.16k ± 1.11k
Two+ (Non-Hispanic)
5.77k ± 627

15.9%

Hispanic Population

18.2k people

15.9% of the people in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR are hispanic (18.2k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

Mexico
3,846 ± 1,497 people
Philippines
421 ± 503 people
Canada
242 ± 382 people

In 2022, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR was Mexico, the natal country of 3,846 Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR residents, followed by Philippines with 421 and Canada with 242.

Foreign-Born Population

5.62%

2022 Foreign-Born Population

6.44k people

6.13%

2021 Foreign-Born Population

7.06k people

As of 2022, 5.62% of Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR residents (6.44k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.6%. In 2021, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR was 6.13%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
9,343 households (8.59%)
German
356 households (0.327%)
Russian
302 households (0.278%)

10.9% of the households in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 21.7%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2022, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR was Spanish. 8.59% of the households in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
3,025 ± 397
Gulf War (2001-)
2,165 ± 358
Gulf War (1990s)
922 ± 260

Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.4 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR employs 50.4k people. The largest industries in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR are Restaurants & Food Services (3,647 people), General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (2,747 people), and Elementary & secondary schools (2,637 people), and the highest paying industries are Other health care services ($143,991), Professional & commercial equipment & supplies merchant wholesalers ($141,665), and Electric power generation, transmission & distribution ($110,787).

Males in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR have an average income that is 1.29 times higher than the average income of females, which is $51,463. The income inequality in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR (measured using the Gini index) is 0.423, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

23,253

Women

48.2%

24,958

Men

51.8%

The workforce of Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR in 2020 was 48,211 people, with 48.2% woman, and 51.8% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

50.4k

2022 Value

1.88%

1 Year growth

± 1.88%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR grew at a rate of 1.88%, from 49.5k employees to 50.4k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR, are Firstline supervisors of retail sales workers (1,693 people), Retail salespersons (1,619 people), and Personal care aides (1,560 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Oregon (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Industries

Employment by Industries

50.4k

2022 Value

1.88%

1 Year growth

± 1.88%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR grew at a rate of 1.88%, from 49.5k employees to 50.4k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR, are Restaurants & Food Services (3,647 people), General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (2,747 people), and Elementary & secondary schools (2,637 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR, though some of these residents may live in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$45,452

Median earning men ± $2,301

$35,252

Median earning women ± $1,639

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2022 are Public Administration ($71,607), Information ($70,326), and Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($70,179).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2022 are Public Administration ($54,711), Transportation & Warehousing, & Utilities ($46,848), and Construction ($44,316).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Oregon.

Y-Axis

2.87%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 1.97M people employed in Oregon. This represents a 2.87% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

Right after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during April 2020, a general dip can be seen across industry sectors, resulting in an overall decline in employment by 13.1%.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Oregon.

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Oregon went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 56.5% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (40.4%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.75%).

Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley are the senators currently representing the state of Oregon. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Oregon is currently represented by 6 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR. Showing the available data for Oregon.

2020 Election Results

Joseph R Biden Jr. (56.5%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (40.4%)
Republican Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.75%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Oregon went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 56.5% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (40.4%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.75%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Oregon for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Senator Elections

US Senators from Oregon

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Oregon.

Ron Wyden

Senator from Oregon

Assumed office on February 5, 1996
Elected to the seat following the resignation of Bob Packwood.

Jeff Merkley

Senator from Oregon

Assumed office on January 3, 2009

Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley are the senators currently representing Oregon.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Oregon over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representative Elections

US Representatives from Oregon

Oregon is currently represented by 6 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Oregon have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2022, universities in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR awarded 140 degrees. The student population of Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR in 2022 is skewed towards women, with 45 male students and 100 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR are White (92 and 65.7%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (30 and 21.4%), Two or More Races (10 and 7.14%), and American Indian or Alaska Native (7 and 5%).

The largest universities in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR by number of degrees awarded are Northwest College-Medford (103 and 73.6%), Phagans Medford Beauty School (31 and 22.1%), and Pacific Bible College (6 and 4.29%).

The most popular majors in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR are Aesthetician & Skin Care Specialist (57 and 40.7%), Other Cosmetology & Related Personal Grooming Arts (19 and 13.6%), and General Cosmetology (18 and 12.9%).

The median tuition cost in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR for private four year colleges is $5,088.

Admissions & Enrollments

Enrollments by Gender and Races

In 2022 there were 145 students enrolled in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR, 31% men and 69% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 117 records, of which 70.1% were women and 29.9% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Most Common

General Cosmetology
18 degrees awarded
Other Cosmetology & Related Personal Grooming Arts
5 degrees awarded

In 2022, the most common concentation for 2 to 4 Year Postsecondary Certificate recipients in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR was N/A with N/A degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a 2 to 4 Year Postsecondary Certificate from schools in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR according to their major.

Universities

Gender

Race

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Northwest College-Medford
103 degrees awarded
Phagans Medford Beauty School
31 degrees awarded
Pacific Bible College
6 degrees awarded

In 2022, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was Northwest College-Medford with 103 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

In 2022, 12 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR, which is 0.0938 times less than the 128 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2022 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 92 degrees mean that there were 3.07 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Hispanic or Latino, with 30 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($5,088) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2022.

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($60) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2022.

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($275) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2022, 0.652% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.903% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR in 2022 were High School or Equivalent (28.2k), Some college (24.1k), and Bachelors Degree (13.6k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR was $343,200 in 2022, which is 1.22 times larger than the national average of $281,900. Between 2021 and 2022 the median property value increased from $297,000 to $343,200, a 15.6% increase. The homeownership rate in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR is 59.1%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 64.8%.

People in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR have an average commute time of 16.7 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Median household income in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR is $66,681. In 2022, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR was Clackamas County (Northwest)--Lake Oswego, West Linn & Wilsonville Cities PUMA, OR with a value of $120,376, followed by Washington County (West)--Forest Grove, Cornelius Cities, Bethany & Oak Hills PUMA, OR and Washington County (Central)--Hillsboro City PUMA, OR, with respective values of $109,461 and $100,627.

Housing

Property

$343,200

Median Property Value 2022

±$8,292

$26,814

Median Property Taxes

±$1,314

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

59.1%

Homeownership

2022

65%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2022

In 2022, 59.1% of the housing units in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 59.2%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2022, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR was Clackamas County (Northwest)--Lake Oswego, West Linn & Wilsonville Cities PUMA, OR with a value of $120,376, followed by Washington County (West)--Forest Grove, Cornelius Cities, Bethany & Oak Hills PUMA, OR and Washington County (Central)--Hillsboro City PUMA, OR, with respective values of $109,461 and $100,627.

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$66,681

Median Household Income

± $3,773

45.4k

Number of Households

± 1,721

In 2022, the median household income of the 45.4k households in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR grew to $66,681 from the previous year's value of $59,655.

The following chart displays the households in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Wage Distribution

0.423

2022 Wage GINI in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR

0.421

2021 Wage GINI in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR

In 2022, the income inequality in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR was 0.423 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.597% growth from 2021 to 2022, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2022

Drove Alone (76.3%)
Worked At Home (9.24%)
Carpooled (9.24%)

In 2022, 76.3% of workers in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR drove alone to work, followed by those who worked at home (9.24%) and those who carpooled to work (9.24%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

16.7 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR have a shorter commute time (16.7 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.7 minutes). Additionally, 1.03% of the workforce in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR have 2 cars.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

12.4% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR (14.1k out of 113k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.5%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 55 - 64 and then Males 25 - 34.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR is White, followed by Hispanic and Two Or More.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Health

92.6% of the population of Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR has health coverage, with 41% on employee plans, 23.2% on Medicaid, 13.1% on Medicare, 13.3% on non-group plans, and 2.04% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in Oregon see 1062 patients per year on average, which represents a 0% change from the previous year (1062 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1194 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 158 patients per year.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Oregon.

1,062 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Oregon

Primary care physicians in Oregon see an average of 1,062 patients per year. This represents a 0% change from the previous year (1,062 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Oregon in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Health Care Diversity

In 2022, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 23.8% under 18 years, 21% between 18 and 34 years, 36.3% between 35 and 64 years, and 18.9% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 48% were men and 52% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

7.35%

Uninsured

41%

Employer Coverage

23.2%

Medicaid

13.1%

Medicare

13.3%

Non-Group

2.04%

Military or VA

Between 2021 and 2022, the percent of uninsured citizens in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR declined by 4.92% from 7.73% to 7.35%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Jackson County (Central)--Medford & Central Point Cities PUMA, OR changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.

Keep Exploring

Jackson County (Outside Medford & Central Point Cities)--Ashland City PUMA, OR