Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

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2024 Population
160,475
US Senator
John Cornyn
Republican Party
US Senator
Ted Cruz
Republican Party
2024 Median Age
35.2
0.86% 1-year increase
2024 Poverty Rate
7.53%
4.8% 1-year decrease
2024 Median Household Income
$120,324
2.12% 1-year growth
2024 Median Property Value
$711,000
3.86% 1-year growth
2023 Employed Population
96,546
2.52% 1-year growth

About

26.9% of the households in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

91% of the residents in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX are Houston Community College (6,568 degrees awarded in 2023), University of St Thomas (227863) (1,121 degrees), and Vet Tech Institute of Houston (134 degrees).

In 2024, the median property value in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX was $711,000, and the homeownership rate was 39.8%.

Most people in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 21.8 minutes. The average car ownership in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX was 2 cars per household.

About the photo: Skyline & Highway
Photo by Ken Lund
United StatesTexas

Population & Diversity

Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX is home to a population of 160k people, from which 91% are citizens. As of 2024, 19.7% of Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX residents were born outside of the country (31.6k people).

In 2024, there were 4.4 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (89.2k people) in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX than any other race or ethnicity. There were 20.3k Asian (Non-Hispanic) and 14.7k Two Races Including Other (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary language in households in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX are Spanish (18,702 households), Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) (4,690 households), and Hindi (1,452 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY
75,233
Women
48.3%
80,528
Men
51.7%

The resident population of United States in 2023 was 155,761 inhabitants, with 51.7% men, and 48.3% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

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Citizenship

91%
2024 Citizenship
91.8%
2023 Citizenship

As of 2024, 91% of Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX residents were US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93.2%. In 2023, the percentage of US citizens in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX was 91.8%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX
  1. White (Non-Hispanic)
    89.2k ± 2.61k
  2. Asian (Non-Hispanic)
    20.3k ± 1.48k
  3. Two Races Including Other (Hispanic)
    14.7k ± 1.62k
17.2%
Hispanic Population
27.7k people

In 2024, there were 4.4 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (89.2k people) in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX than any other race or ethnicity. There were 20.3k Asian (Non-Hispanic) and 14.7k Two Races Including Other (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

17.2% of the people in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX are hispanic (27.7k people).

The following chart shows the 8 races represented in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX as a share of the total population.

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Global Diversity

Most Common Origin
  1. Mexico
    3,021 ± 1,336 people
  2. China
    2,570 ± 1,234 people
  3. India
    2,558 ± 1,231 people

In 2023, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX was Mexico, the natal country of 3,021 Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX residents, followed by China with 2,570 and India with 2,558.

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Foreign-Born Population

19.7%
2024 Foreign-Born Population
31.6k people
18.2%
2023 Foreign-Born Population
28.3k people

As of 2024, 19.7% of Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX residents (31.6k people) were born outside of the United States, which is approximately the same as the national average of 14%. In 2023, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX was 18.2%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages
  1. Spanish
    18,702 households (12.2%)
  2. Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)
    4,690 households (3.06%)
  3. Hindi
    1,452 households (0.946%)

26.9% of the households in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is higher than the national average of 22.3%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2024, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX was Spanish. 12.2% of the households in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

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Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period
  1. Gulf War (2001-)
    1,673 ± 376
  2. Vietnam
    1,170 ± 290
  3. Gulf War (1990s)
    680 ± 246

Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX has a large population of military personnel who served in Gulf War (2001-), 1.43 times greater than any other conflict.

The chart shows the distribution of veterans by conflict in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX.

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Economy

The economy of Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX employs 96.5k people. In 2023, the largest industries in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX were General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (6,279 people), Colleges, universities & professional schools, including junior colleges (5,250 people), and Legal services (4,591 people), and the highest paying industries were Data processing, hosting & related services ($393,888), Nonmetallic mineral mining & quarrying ($329,276), and Pipeline transportation ($276,828).

Males in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX have an average income that is 1.45 times higher than the average income of females, which is $106,280. The income inequality in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX (measured using the Gini index) is 0.459, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure
RACE/ETHNICITY
43,423
Women
45%
53,123
Men
55%

The workforce of Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX in 2023 was 96,546 people, with 45% woman, and 55% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

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Occupations

96.5k
2023 Value
2.52%
1 Year growth
± 2.52%

From 2022 to 2023, employment in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX grew at a rate of 2.52%, from 94.2k employees to 96.5k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX, are Physicians (3,756 people), Other managers (3,755 people), and Lawyers, & judges, magistrates, & other judicial workers (3,696 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX.

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Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Texas.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Texas (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Industries

Employment by Industries

96.5k
2023 Value
2.52%
1 Year growth
± 2.52%

From 2022 to 2023, employment in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX grew at a rate of 2.52%, from 94.2k employees to 96.5k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX, are General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (6,279 people), Colleges, universities & professional schools, including junior colleges (5,250 people), and Legal services (4,591 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX, though some of these residents may live in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

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Median Earnings by Industry

$103,863
Median earning men ± $4,747
$73,989
Median earning women ± $2,610

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2024 are Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining ($194,709), Manufacturing ($141,393), and Wholesale Trade ($140,104).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2024 are Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining ($141,630), Manufacturing ($116,010), and Wholesale Trade ($93,338).

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Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Texas.
Y-Axis
4.59%
Year-over-year growth
Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 13.8M people employed in Texas. This represents a 4.59% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

Right after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during April 2020, a general dip can be seen across industry sectors, resulting in an overall decline in employment by 9.63%.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Texas.

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Civics

In the 2024 presidential election, the popular vote in Texas went to Donald J. Trump with 56.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Kamala Harris (42.5%), followed by Jill Stein (0.726%).

John Cornyn and Ted Cruz are the senators currently representing the state of Texas. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Texas is currently represented by 38 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Voting results are not available for Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX. Showing the available data for Texas.
2024 Election Results
  1. Donald J. Trump (56.1%)
    Republican Party
  2. Kamala Harris (42.5%)
    Democratic Party
  3. Jill Stein (0.726%)
    Green Party

In the 2024 presidential election, the popular vote in Texas went to Donald J. Trump with 56.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Kamala Harris (42.5%), followed by Jill Stein (0.726%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Texas for each registered party from 1976 to 2024.

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Senator Elections

US Senators from Texas

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Texas.
John Cornyn
Senator from Texas2
Assumed office on December 2, 2002
Phil Gramm resigned (effective November 30, 2002) a few weeks before the expiration of his term in hopes that his successor, fellow Republican John Cornyn, could gain seniority over other newly elected senators. However, Cornyn did not gain additional seniority due to a 1980 Rules Committee policy.
Ted Cruz
Senator from Texas1
Assumed office on January 3, 2013

John Cornyn and Ted Cruz are the senators currently representing Texas.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Texas over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

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Education

In 2023, universities in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX awarded 7,823 degrees. The student population of Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX in 2023 is skewed towards women, with 22,335 male students and 31,417 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX are Hispanic or Latino (3,031 and 43.2%), Black or African American (1,941 and 27.6%), White (979 and 13.9%), and Asian (737 and 10.5%).

The largest universities in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX by number of degrees awarded are Houston Community College (6,568 and 84%), University of St Thomas (227863) (1,121 and 14.3%), and Vet Tech Institute of Houston (134 and 1.71%).

The most popular majors in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX are General Studies (1,796 and 23%), General Business Administration & Management (971 and 12.4%), and General Biological Sciences (620 and 7.93%).

The median tuition costs in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX are $32,900 for private four year colleges, and $2,904 and $3,624 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

University
Measure

In 2023 in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX, the percentage of applicants admitted was 93%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 45.5%. The number of students enrolled in 2023 was 53,752 (41.6% men and 58.4% women).

The line chart  shows the evolution of the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

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Enrollments by Gender and Races

Universities

In 2023 there were 53,752 students enrolled in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX, 41.6% men and 58.4% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in Hispanic or Latino with 21,217 records, of which 58.1% were women and 41.9% men.

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Completions

Concentrations

Most Common
  1. General Business Administration & Management
    835 degrees awarded
  2. General Biological Sciences
    582 degrees awarded
  3. General Studies
    1,775 degrees awarded

In 2023, the most common concentation for Associates Degree recipients in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX was General Business Administration & Management with 835 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Associates Degree from schools in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX according to their major.

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Universities

Gender
Race
Largest Universities by degrees awarded
  1. Houston Community College
    6,568 degrees awarded
  2. University of St Thomas (227863)
    1,121 degrees awarded
  3. Vet Tech Institute of Houston
    134 degrees awarded

In 2023, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was Houston Community College with 6,568 degrees awarded.

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Student Diversity

University

In 2023, 2,853 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX, which is 0.574 times less than the 4,970 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2023, the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was Hispanic or Latino students. These 3,031 degrees mean that there were 1.56 times more degrees awarded to Hispanic or Latino students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 1,941 degrees awarded.

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Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

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Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Universities

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($32,900) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2023.

Private for-profit, 2-year ($2,064) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2023.

Public, 4-year or above ($2,250) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

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Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2023, 0.253% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.455% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

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Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX in 2023 were Bachelors Degree (53.5k), Graduate Degree (48.6k), and Some college (15.8k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

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Housing & Living

The median property value in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX was $711,000 in 2024, which is 2.14 times larger than the national average of $332,700. Between 2023 and 2024 the median property value increased from $684,600 to $711,000, a 3.86% increase. The homeownership rate in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX is 39.8%, which is lower than the national average of 65.2%.

People in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX have an average commute time of 21.8 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property

$711,000
Median Property Value 2024
±$21,173
$34,420
Median Property Taxes
±$1,495

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

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Rent vs Own

39.8%
Homeownership
2024
60.6%
Homeowners with Mortgage
2024

In 2024, 39.8% of the housing units in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 40.8%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

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Equity

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.
$120,324
Median Household Income
± $3,627
86.5k
Number of Households
± 2,797

In 2024, the median household income of the 86.5k households in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX grew to $120,324 from the previous year's value of $117,826.

The following chart displays the households in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $200k+ range.

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Wage Distribution

0.459
2023 Wage GINI in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX
0.46
2022 Wage GINI in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX

In 2023, the income inequality in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX was 0.459 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.262% decline from 2022 to 2023, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX was lower than than the national average of 0.476. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

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Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2024
  1. Drove Alone (64.4%)
  2. Worked At Home (24.7%)
  3. Carpooled (4.37%)

In 2024, 64.4% of workers in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX drove alone to work, followed by those who worked at home (24.7%) and those who carpooled to work (4.37%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

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Commute Time

21.8 minutes
Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX have a shorter commute time (21.8 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.4 minutes). Additionally, 1.22% of the workforce in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

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Car Ownership

2 cars
Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX have 2 cars.

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Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

7.53% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX (12k out of 160k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.5%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 18 - 24, followed by Females 25 - 34 and then Males 18 - 24.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX is White, followed by Hispanic and Black.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

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Health

93% of the population of Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX has health coverage, with 68.1% on employee plans, 2.68% on Medicaid, 9.69% on Medicare, 12.1% on non-group plans, and 0.504% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in Texas see 1,657 patients per year on average, which represents a 0% change from the previous year (1,657 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1590 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 590 patients per year.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 51.4% were men and 48.6% were women.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Texas.
1,657 to 1
Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Texas

Primary care physicians in Texas see an average of 1,657 patients per year. This represents a 0% change from the previous year (1,657 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Texas in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

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Health Care Diversity

In 2024, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 14.1% under 18 years, 35.6% between 18 and 34 years, 37.7% between 35 and 64 years, and 12.7% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 51.4% were men and 48.6% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

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Uninsured People

6.99%
Uninsured
68.1%
Employer Coverage
2.68%
Medicaid
9.69%
Medicare
12.1%
Non-Group
0.504%
Military or VA

Between 2023 and 2024, the percent of uninsured citizens in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX grew by 9.95% from 6.36% to 6.99%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Houston City (West Central)--South of I-10 & Inside Loop I-610 PUMA, TX changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.

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