Dayton, OH

Census Place

Add Comparison

2020 Population

140,444

0.0889% 1-year decline

US Senator

Sherrod Brown

Democratic Party

US Senator

Rob Portman

Republican Party

2020 Median Age

33.5

1.52% 1-year increase

2020 Poverty Rate

29.6%

3.3% 1-year decrease

2020 Median Household Income

$34,457

5.89% 1-year growth

2020 Median Property Value

$69,400

3.89% 1-year growth

2020 Employed Population

59,730

4.05% 1-year growth

About

In 2020, Dayton, OH had a population of 140k people with a median age of 33.5 and a median household income of $34,457. Between 2019 and 2020 the population of Dayton, OH declined from 140,569 to 140,444, a −0.0889% decrease and its median household income grew from $32,540 to $34,457, a 5.89% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Dayton, OH are White (Non-Hispanic) (51.8%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (38.6%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (3.53%), White (Hispanic) (2.35%), and Other (Hispanic) (1.36%).

None of the households in Dayton, OH reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

97.2% of the residents in Dayton, OH are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Dayton, OH are Sinclair Community College (7,087 degrees awarded in 2020), University of Dayton (3,026 degrees), and Ross Medical Education Center-Dayton (64 degrees).

In 2020, the median property value in Dayton, OH was $69,400, and the homeownership rate was 47.1%. Most people in Dayton, OH drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 20.8 minutes. The average car ownership in Dayton, OH was 2 cars per household.

United States Ohio Greene County, OH Montgomery County, OH Dayton, OH Miamisburg & West Carrollton Cities PUMA, OH Huber Heights, Trotwood, Vandalia & Englewood Cities PUMA, OH Dayton & Riverside Cities PUMA, OH Greene County PUMA, OH

Diversity

Dayton, OH is home to a population of 140k people, from which 97.2% are citizens. As of 2020, 4.87% of Dayton, OH residents were born outside of the country (6.83k people).

In 2020, there were 1.34 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (72.8k people) in Dayton, OH than any other race or ethnicity. There were 54.2k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 4.96k Two+ (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Dayton, OH

White (Non-Hispanic)
72.8k ± 1.77k
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
54.2k ± 1.7k
Two+ (Non-Hispanic)
4.96k ± 719

4.49%

Hispanic Population

6.31k people

4.49% of the people in Dayton, OH are hispanic (6.31k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Dayton, OH as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

4.87%

2020 Foreign-Born Population

6.83k people

2019 Foreign-Born Population

7.02k people

As of 2020, 4.87% of Dayton, OH residents (6.83k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.5%. In 2019, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Dayton, OH was 5%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Dayton, OH compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.8

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 2.3

In 2020, the median age of all people in Dayton, OH was 33.5. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 34, were generally older than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 33. But people in Dayton, OH are getting getting older. In 2019, the average age of all Dayton, OH residents was 33.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for Ohio.

Most Common Origin

India
65,307 ± 6,257 people
Mexico
43,106 ± 5,088 people
China
34,944 ± 4,583 people

In 2020, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Ohio was India, the natal country of 65,307 Ohio residents, followed by Mexico with 43,106 and China with 34,944.

Citizenship

97.2%

2020 Citizenship

97.2%

2019 Citizenship

As of 2020, 97.2% of Dayton, OH residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2019, the percentage of US citizens in Dayton, OH was 97.2%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Dayton, OH compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
2,557 ± 351
Gulf War (2001-)
1,782 ± 335
Gulf War (1990s)
1,249 ± 262

Dayton, OH has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.43 times greater than any other conflict.

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for Ohio. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in Ohio, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Ohio.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Ohio (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Ohio.

Y-Axis

8.45%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between May 2020 and May 2021

As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in Ohio. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Ohio.

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Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Ohio.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of Ohio across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Economy

Median household income in Dayton, OH is $34,457. In 2020, the place with the highest median household income in Dayton, OH was Census Tract 903.03 with a value of $97,361, followed by Census Tract 903.04 and Census Tract 1101, with respective values of $94,935 and $92,500.

Males in Ohio have an average income that is 1.34 times higher than the average income of females, which is $49,988. The income inequality in Ohio (measured using the Gini index) is 0.457, which is lower than than the national average.

The economy of Dayton, OH employs 59.7k people. The largest industries in Dayton, OH are Health Care & Social Assistance (9,997 people), Manufacturing (7,620 people), and Accommodation & Food Services (6,155 people), and the highest paying industries are Management of Companies & Enterprises ($95,000), Utilities ($66,688), and Public Administration ($56,604).

Wages

Median Household Income

$34,457

2020 value

± $1,668

5.89%

1 Year Growth

± 5.77%

Households in Dayton, OH have a median annual income of $34,457, which is less than the median annual income of $64,994 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $32,540 in 2019, which represents a 5.89% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Dayton, OH compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Sex in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for Ohio.

$66,859

Average Male Salary in Ohio

± $1,043

$49,988

Average Female Salary in Ohio

± $782

In 2020, full-time male employees in Ohio made 1.34 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the sex-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Ohio by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for Ohio.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in Ohio

Asian
$66,781 ± $5,146
White
$52,037 ± $655
Two or More Races
$44,595 ± $3,825

In 2020 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Ohio workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.28 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in Ohio.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Ohio by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Dayton, OH is from Ohio.

0.457

2020 Wage GINI in Ohio

0.46

2019 Wage GINI in Ohio

In 2020, the income inequality in Ohio was 0.457 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.751% decline from 2019 to 2020, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Ohio was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Ohio in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Ohio across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 903.03
Census Tract 903.04
Census Tract 1101

In 2020, the place with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Dayton, OH was Census Tract 903.03 with a value of $97,361, followed by Census Tract 903.04 and Census Tract 1101, with respective values of $94,935 and $92,500.

The following map shows all of the places in Dayton, OH colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Sex

Females 25 - 34

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

29.6% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Dayton, OH (37.8k out of 128k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.8%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Males 55 - 64 and then Males 25 - 34.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

Black
19,884 ± 1,187
White
14,833 ± 1,034
Hispanic
1,849 ± 364

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Dayton, OH is Black, followed by White and Hispanic.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

59.7k

2020 Value

± 2,065

4.05%

1 Year growth

± 4.4%

From 2019 to 2020, employment in Dayton, OH grew at a rate of 4.05%, from 57.4k employees to 59.7k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Dayton, OH, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (7,591 people), Production Occupations (5,232 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (5,063 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Dayton, OH.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Dayton, OH, by number of employees, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (7,591 people), Production Occupations (5,232 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (5,063 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Dayton, OH has an unusually high number of residents working as Healthcare Support Occupations (1.65 times higher than expected), Production Occupations (1.57 times), and Material Moving Occupations (1.47 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Dayton, OH, by median earnings, are Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners & Other Technical Occupations ($59,737), Architecture & Engineering Occupations ($57,500), and Law Enforcement Workers Including Supervisors ($56,985).

Industries

Employment by Industries

59.7k

2020 Value

± 2,065

4.05%

1 Year growth

± 4.4%

From 2019 to 2020, employment in Dayton, OH grew at a rate of 4.05%, from 57.4k employees to 59.7k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Dayton, OH, are Health Care & Social Assistance (9,997 people), Manufacturing (7,620 people), and Accommodation & Food Services (6,155 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Dayton, OH, though some of these residents may live in Dayton, OH and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Dayton, OH, by number of employees, are Health Care & Social Assistance (9,997 people), Manufacturing (7,620 people), and Accommodation & Food Services (6,155 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Dayton, OH has an unusually high number of Accommodation & Food Services (1.42 times higher than expected), Manufacturing (1.27 times), and Transportation & Warehousing (1.25 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Dayton, OH, by median earnings, are Management of Companies & Enterprises ($95,000), Utilities ($66,688), and Public Administration ($56,604).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Ohio to other states, or from other states to Ohio.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2020, the top outbound Ohio product (by dollars) was Machinery with $57.8B, followed by Motorized vehicles ($53.5B) and Mixed freight ($52.6B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Ohio products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Ohio.

$685B

2020 Value in Ohio

$1.25T

Projected 2050 Value in Ohio

81.7% growth

In 2020, total outbound Ohio trade was $685B. This is expected to increase 81.7% to $1.25T by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Ohio trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Ohio to other states, or from other states to Ohio.

Most Common Trade Partners

Michigan
$46.1B
Indiana
$39.9B
Pennsylvania
$32.3B

In 2020, the top outbound Ohio domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Michigan with $46.1B, followed by Indiana with $39.9B and Pennsylvania and $32.3B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Ohio shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Ohio went to Donald J. Trump with 53.3% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (45.2%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.14%). The most partisan county was Holmes County, OH with 83.4% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

Sherrod Brown and Rob Portman are the senators currently representing the state of Ohio. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Ohio is currently represented by 16 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Dayton, OH. Showing the available data for Ohio.

2020 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (53.3%)
Republican Party
Joseph R Biden Jr. (45.2%)
Democratic Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.14%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Ohio went to Donald J. Trump with 53.3% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (45.2%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.14%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Ohio for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of Ohio.

Donald J. Trump

Popular Vote for Ohio

53.3% for the Republican Party

Most Partisan Counties in Ohio

Holmes County, OH
83.4% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Putnam County, OH
82.4% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Mercer County, OH
81.9% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)

In the 2020 presidential election, the most partisan county in Ohio was Holmes County, OH with 83.4% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

The following map shows the counties in Ohio colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from Ohio

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Ohio.

Sherrod Brown

Senator from Ohio

Assumed office on January 3, 2007

Rob Portman

Senator from Ohio

Assumed office on January 3, 2011

Sherrod Brown and Rob Portman are the senators currently representing Ohio.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Ohio over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from Ohio

Ohio is currently represented by 16 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Ohio have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2020, universities in Dayton, OH awarded 10,261 degrees. The student population of Dayton, OH is skewed towards women, with 14,209 male students and 16,383 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Dayton, OH are White (6,929 and 71.3%), followed by Black or African American (1,341 and 13.8%), Unknown (588 and 6.05%), and Hispanic or Latino (347 and 3.57%).

The largest universities in Dayton, OH by number of degrees awarded are Sinclair Community College (7,087 and 69.1%), University of Dayton (3,026 and 29.5%), and Ross Medical Education Center-Dayton (64 and 0.624%).

The most popular majors in Dayton, OH are General Business Administration & Management (1,062 and 10.3%), Customer Service Support Operation (606 and 5.91%), and Substance Abuse Counseling (596 and 5.81%).

The median tuition costs in Dayton, OH are $44,890 for private four year colleges, and $3,649 and $7,396 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Concentrations

Most Common

Liberal Arts & Sciences
299 degree-majorss awarded
General Business Administration & Management
209 degree-majorss awarded
Other Multidisciplinary Studies
179 degree-majorss awarded

In 2020, the most common concentation for Associates Degree recipients in Dayton, OH was Liberal Arts & Sciences with 299 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Associates Degree from schools in Dayton, OH according to their major.

Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Sinclair Community College
7,087 degrees awarded
University of Dayton
3,026 degrees awarded
Ross Medical Education Center-Dayton
64 degrees awarded

$3,649

Median In-State Public

$44,890

Median Private

In 2020, the Dayton, OH institution with the largest number of graduating students was Sinclair Community College with 7,087 degrees awarded.

Student Sex for Common Institutions

5,198

Degrees Awarded to Men

5,063

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2020, 5,198 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Dayton, OH, which is 1.03 times more than the 5,063 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the sex disparity between the institutions in Dayton, OH by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
6,929 degrees awarded
Black or African American
1,341 degrees awarded
Unknown
588 degrees awarded

In 2020 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions in Dayton, OH was White students. These 6,929 degrees mean that there were 5.17 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 1,341 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Dayton, OH was $69,400 in 2020, which is 0.302 times smaller than the national average of $229,800. Between 2019 and 2020 the median property value increased from $66,800 to $69,400, a 3.89% increase. The homeownership rate in Dayton, OH is 47.1%, which is lower than the national average of 64.4%. People in Dayton, OH have an average commute time of 20.8 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Dayton, OH is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$69,400

2020 Median

± $2,065

$66,800

2019 Median

± $1,444

In 2020, the median property value in Dayton, OH grew to to $69,400 from the previous year's value of $66,800.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Dayton, OH compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Dayton, OH the largest share of households have a property value in the $50k - $60k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$34,457

Median Household Income

± $1,668

58.7k

Number of Households

± 2,036

In 2020, the median household income of the 58.7k households in Dayton, OH grew to $34,457 from the previous year's value of $32,540.

The following chart displays the households in Dayton, OH distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the < $10k range.

Property Taxes

$800 - $1,499

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Dayton, OH distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Dayton, OH the largest share of households pay taxes in the $800 - $1,499 range.

Rent vs Own

47.1%

2020 Homeownership

46.5%

2019 Homeownership

In 2020, 47.1% of the housing units in Dayton, OH were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 46.5%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is lower than the national average of 64.4%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Dayton, OH compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

20.8 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Dayton, OH have a shorter commute time (20.8 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.9 minutes). Additionally, 1.37% of the workforce in Dayton, OH have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Dayton, OH compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2020

Drove Alone (71.1%)
Carpooled (9.58%)
Walked (7.49%)

In 2020, 71.1% of workers in Dayton, OH drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (9.58%) and those who walked to work (7.49%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Dayton, OH distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Dayton, OH have 2 cars, followed by false.

Health

91.4% of the population of Dayton, OH has health coverage, with 36% on employee plans, 34.9% on Medicaid, 9.34% on Medicare, 9.05% on non-group plans, and 2.1% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in Ohio was $8,712 in 2014. This is a 5.14% increase from the previous year ($8,286).

Primary care physicians in Montgomery County, OH see 1054 patients per year on average, which represents a 1.5% decrease from the previous year (1070 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1721 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 354 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Lawrence County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (19.1%). Additionally, Jackson County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (42.8%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the country level. Showing data for Montgomery County, OH.

1,054 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Montgomery County, OH

Primary care physicians in Montgomery County, OH see an average of 1,054 patients per year. This represents a 1.5% decrease from the previous year (1,070 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Montgomery County, OH in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Ohio.

$8,712

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in Ohio

$4,371

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$7,007

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$11,038

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Ohio (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 5.14%, from $8,286 to $8,712.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

8.59%

Uninsured

36%

Employer Coverage

34.9%

Medicaid

9.34%

Medicare

9.05%

Non-Group

2.1%

Military or VA

Between 2019 and 2020, the percent of uninsured citizens in Dayton, OH declined by 8.11% from 9.35% to 8.59%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Dayton, OH changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.