Chandler, AZ

Census Place

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2019 Population

261,149

1.55% 1-year growth

US Senator

Kyrsten Sinema

Democratic Party

US Senator

Mark Kelly

Democratic Party

2019 Median Age

37.8

3.28% 1-year increase

2019 Poverty Rate

7.61%

10.6% 1-year decrease

2019 Median Household Income

$83,709

2.13% 1-year decline

2019 Median Property Value

$342,200

7.51% 1-year growth

2019 Employed Population

137,863

0.227% 1-year growth

About

In 2019, Chandler, AZ had a population of 261k people with a median age of 37.8 and a median household income of $83,709. Between 2018 and 2019 the population of Chandler, AZ grew from 257,153 to 261,149, a 1.55% increase and its median household income declined from $85,527 to $83,709, a −2.13% decrease.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Chandler, AZ are White (Non-Hispanic) (57.2%), White (Hispanic) (12%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (11.7%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (5.35%), and Other (Hispanic) (5.09%). 0% of the households in Chandler, AZ speak a non-English language at home as their primary language.

91.9% of the residents in Chandler, AZ are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Chandler, AZ are Chandler-Gilbert Community College (2,959 degrees awarded in 2019), American InterContinental University (2,388 degrees), and Studio Academy of Beauty (420 degrees).

In 2019, the median property value in Chandler, AZ was $342,200, and the homeownership rate was 67.3%. Most people in Chandler, AZ drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 24.3 minutes. The average car ownership in Chandler, AZ was 2 cars per household.

United States Arizona Maricopa County, AZ Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ

Diversity

Chandler, AZ is home to a population of 261k people, from which 91.9% are citizens. As of 2019, 15.2% of Chandler, AZ residents were born outside of the country (39.7k people).

In 2019, there were 4.75 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (149k people) in Chandler, AZ than any other race or ethnicity. There were 31.4k White (Hispanic) and 30.5k Asian (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Chandler, AZ

White (Non-Hispanic)
149k ± 6.06k
White (Hispanic)
31.4k ± 5.39k
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
30.5k ± 5.48k

19.1%

Hispanic Population

49.9k people

19.1% of the people in Chandler, AZ are hispanic (49.9k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Chandler, AZ as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

15.2%

2019 Foreign-Born Population

39.7k people

14.9%

2018 Foreign-Born Population

38.4k people

As of 2019, 15.2% of Chandler, AZ residents (39.7k people) were born outside of the United States, which is higher than the national average of 13.7%. In 2018, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Chandler, AZ was 14.9%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Chandler, AZ compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 1.8

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 1.9

In 2019, the median age of all people in Chandler, AZ was 37.8. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 35, were generally younger than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 45. But people in Chandler, AZ are getting getting older. In 2018, the average age of all Chandler, AZ residents was 37.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for Arizona.

Most Common Origin

Mexico
518,257 ± 17,034 people
India
51,071 ± 5,529 people
Canada
40,676 ± 4,938 people

In 2019, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Arizona was Mexico, the natal country of 518,257 Arizona residents, followed by India with 51,071 and Canada with 40,676.

Citizenship

91.9%

2019 Citizenship

91%

2018 Citizenship

As of 2019, 91.9% of Chandler, AZ residents were US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93.4%. In 2018, the percentage of US citizens in Chandler, AZ was 91%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Chandler, AZ compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Gulf War (2001-)
3,337 ± 1,000
Vietnam
3,044 ± 856
Gulf War (1990s)
2,657 ± 657

Chandler, AZ has a large population of military personnel who served in Gulf War (2001-), 1.1 times greater than any other conflict.

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for Arizona. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in Arizona, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Arizona.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Arizona (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Arizona.

Y-Axis

8.45%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between May 2020 and May 2021

As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in Arizona. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Arizona.

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Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Arizona.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of Arizona across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Economy

Median household income in Chandler, AZ is $83,709. In 2019, the place with the highest median household income in Chandler, AZ was Census Tract 8136 with a value of $159,879, followed by Census Tract 8133 and Census Tract 8132, with respective values of $158,194 and $154,512.

Males in Arizona have an average income that is 1.3 times higher than the average income of females, which is $49,881. The income inequality in Arizona (measured using the Gini index) is 0.459, which is lower than than the national average.

The economy of Chandler, AZ employs 138k people. The largest industries in Chandler, AZ are Manufacturing (18,589 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (17,248 people), and Educational Services (13,300 people), and the highest paying industries are Utilities ($116,462), Manufacturing ($98,336), and Management of Companies & Enterprises ($90,611).

Wages

Median Household Income

$83,709

2019 value

± $4,424

−2.13%

1 Year Growth

± 6.89%

Households in Chandler, AZ have a median annual income of $83,709, which is more than the median annual income of $65,712 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $85,527 in 2018, which represents a −2.13% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Chandler, AZ compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Gender in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for Arizona.

$64,750

Average Male Salary in Arizona

± $1,285

$49,881

Average Female Salary in Arizona

± $1,026

In 2019, full-time male employees in Arizona made 1.3 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Arizona by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for Arizona.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in Arizona

Asian
$68,661 ± $4,729
White
$52,158 ± $876
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
$46,030 ± $19,553

In 2019 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Arizona workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.32 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in Arizona.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Arizona by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Chandler, AZ is from Arizona.

0.459

2019 Wage GINI in Arizona

0.46

2018 Wage GINI in Arizona

In 2019, the income inequality in Arizona was 0.459 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.192% decline from 2018 to 2019, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Arizona was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Arizona in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Arizona across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 8136
Census Tract 8133
Census Tract 8132

In 2019, the place with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Chandler, AZ was Census Tract 8136 with a value of $159,879, followed by Census Tract 8133 and Census Tract 8132, with respective values of $158,194 and $154,512.

The following map shows all of the places in Chandler, AZ colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Gender

Females 35 - 44

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

7.61% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Chandler, AZ (19.2k out of 252k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.3%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 35 - 44, followed by Females 25 - 34 and then Females 55 - 64.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

White
13,362 ± 884
Hispanic
6,568 ± 676
Asian
1,707 ± 287

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Chandler, AZ is White, followed by Hispanic and Asian.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

138k

2019 Value

± 6,158

0.227%

1 Year growth

± 6.24%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Chandler, AZ grew at a rate of 0.227%, from 138k employees to 138k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Chandler, AZ, are Management Occupations (18,329 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (16,008 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (12,145 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Chandler, AZ.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Chandler, AZ, by number of employees, are Management Occupations (18,329 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (16,008 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (12,145 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Chandler, AZ has an unusually high number of residents working as Architecture & Engineering Occupations (3.32 times higher than expected), Computer & Mathematical Occupations (2.07 times), and Business & Financial Operations Occupations (1.4 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Chandler, AZ, by median earnings, are Architecture & Engineering Occupations ($110,099), Computer, Engineering, & Science Occupations ($99,255), and Computer & Mathematical Occupations ($89,135).

Industries

Employment by Industries

138k

2019 Value

± 6,158

0.227%

1 Year growth

± 6.24%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Chandler, AZ grew at a rate of 0.227%, from 138k employees to 138k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Chandler, AZ, are Manufacturing (18,589 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (17,248 people), and Educational Services (13,300 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Chandler, AZ, though some of these residents may live in Chandler, AZ and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Chandler, AZ, by number of employees, are Manufacturing (18,589 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (17,248 people), and Educational Services (13,300 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Chandler, AZ has an unusually high number of Management of Companies & Enterprises (1.86 times higher than expected), Finance & Insurance (1.7 times), and Utilities (1.68 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Chandler, AZ, by median earnings, are Utilities ($116,462), Manufacturing ($98,336), and Management of Companies & Enterprises ($90,611).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Arizona to other states, or from other states to Arizona.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2018, the top outbound Arizona product (by dollars) was Electronics with $27.5B, followed by Mixed freight ($22.4B) and Pharmaceuticals ($22.2B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Arizona products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Arizona.

$196B

2018 Value in Arizona

$475B

Projected 2045 Value in Arizona

143% growth

In 2018, total outbound Arizona trade was $196B. This is expected to increase 143% to $475B by 2045.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Arizona trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Arizona to other states, or from other states to Arizona.

Most Common Trade Partners

California
$28.7B
Texas
$11.5B
Michigan
$4.41B

In 2018, the top outbound Arizona domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was California with $28.7B, followed by Texas with $11.5B and Michigan and $4.41B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Arizona shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Maricopa County, AZ went to Donald J. Trump with 47.7% of the vote. The runner-up was Hillary Rodham Clinton (44.8%), followed by Other (7.5%). The most partisan county was Mohave County, AZ with 72.9% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

Kyrsten Sinema and Mark Kelly are the senators currently representing the state of Arizona. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Arizona is currently represented by 9 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Chandler, AZ. Showing the available data for Maricopa County, AZ.

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

2016 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (47.7%)
Republican Party
Hillary Rodham Clinton (44.8%)
Democratic Party
Other (7.5%)
Other Party

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Arizona went to Donald J. Trump with 47.7% of the vote. The runner-up was Hillary Rodham Clinton (44.8%), followed by Other (7.5%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Arizona for each registered party from 1976 to 2016.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of Arizona.

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

Donald J. Trump

Popular Vote for Maricopa County, AZ

47.7% for the Republican Party

Most Partisan Counties in Arizona

Mohave County, AZ
72.9% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Santa Cruz County, AZ
71.1% for Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democratic Party)
La Paz County, AZ
67.3% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)

In the 2016 presidential election, the most partisan county in Arizona was Mohave County, AZ with 72.9% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

The following map shows the counties in Arizona colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from Arizona

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Arizona.

Kyrsten Sinema

Senator from Arizona

Assumed office on January 3, 2019

Mark Kelly

Senator from Arizona

Assumed office on December 2, 2020
Elected to the seat to succeed Martha McSally, who had been appointed to the seat following the death of John McCain and the resignation of Jon Kyl.

Kyrsten Sinema and Mark Kelly are the senators currently representing Arizona.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Arizona over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from Arizona

Arizona is currently represented by 9 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Arizona have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2019, universities in Chandler, AZ awarded 5,826 degrees. The student population of Chandler, AZ is skewed towards women, with 10,198 male students and 16,146 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Chandler, AZ are White (2,556 and 44.1%), followed by Black or African American (1,120 and 19.3%), Hispanic or Latino (980 and 16.9%), and Unknown (607 and 10.5%).

The largest universities in Chandler, AZ by number of degrees awarded are Chandler-Gilbert Community College (2,959 and 50.8%), American InterContinental University (2,388 and 41%), and Studio Academy of Beauty (420 and 7.21%).

The most popular majors in Chandler, AZ are General Business Administration & Management (1,718 and 29.5%), General Art Studies (766 and 13.1%), and Liberal Arts & Sciences (725 and 12.4%).

The median tuition cost in Chandler, AZ for private four year colleges is $11,850.

Concentrations

Most Common

General Business Administration & Management
587 degree-majorss awarded
Physical Sciences
174 degree-majorss awarded
Liberal Arts & Sciences
725 degree-majorss awarded

In 2019, the most common concentation for Associates Degree recipients in Chandler, AZ was General Business Administration & Management with 587 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Associates Degree from schools in Chandler, AZ according to their major.

Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Chandler-Gilbert Community College
2,959 degrees awarded
American InterContinental University
2,388 degrees awarded
Studio Academy of Beauty
420 degrees awarded

$11,850

Median Private

In 2019, the Chandler, AZ institution with the largest number of graduating students was Chandler-Gilbert Community College with 2,959 degrees awarded.

Student Gender for Common Institutions

2,293

Degrees Awarded to Men

3,533

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2019, 2,293 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Chandler, AZ, which is 0.649 times less than the 3,533 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the gender disparity between the institutions in Chandler, AZ by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
2,556 degrees awarded
Black or African American
1,120 degrees awarded
Hispanic or Latino
980 degrees awarded

In 2019 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions in Chandler, AZ was White students. These 2,556 degrees mean that there were 2.28 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 1,120 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Chandler, AZ was $342,200 in 2019, which is 1.42 times larger than the national average of $240,500. Between 2018 and 2019 the median property value increased from $318,300 to $342,200, a 7.51% increase. The homeownership rate in Chandler, AZ is 67.3%, which is higher than the national average of 64.1%. People in Chandler, AZ have an average commute time of 24.3 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Chandler, AZ is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$342,200

2019 Median

± $7,734

$318,300

2018 Median

± $9,105

In 2019, the median property value in Chandler, AZ grew to to $342,200 from the previous year's value of $318,300.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Chandler, AZ compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Chandler, AZ the largest share of households have a property value in the $300k - $400k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$83,709

Median Household Income

± $4,424

94k

Number of Households

± 4,980

In 2019, the median household income of the 94k households in Chandler, AZ declined from $83,709 from the previous year's value of $85,527.

The following chart displays the households in Chandler, AZ distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Property Taxes

$800 - $1,499

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Chandler, AZ distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Chandler, AZ the largest share of households pay taxes in the $800 - $1,499 range.

Rent vs Own

67.3%

2019 Homeownership

65.8%

2018 Homeownership

In 2019, 67.3% of the housing units in Chandler, AZ were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 65.8%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is higher than the national average of 64.1%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Chandler, AZ compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

24.3 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Chandler, AZ have a shorter commute time (24.3 minutes) than the normal US worker (26 minutes). Additionally, 1.29% of the workforce in Chandler, AZ have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Chandler, AZ compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2019

Drove Alone (79.2%)
Carpooled (9.75%)
Worked At Home (6.94%)

In 2019, 79.2% of workers in Chandler, AZ drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (9.75%) and those who worked at home (6.94%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Chandler, AZ distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Chandler, AZ have 2 cars, followed by false.

Health

91.2% of the population of Chandler, AZ has health coverage, with 62.2% on employee plans, 9.07% on Medicaid, 9.57% on Medicare, 9.23% on non-group plans, and 1.14% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in Arizona was $6,452 in 2014. This is a 3.03% increase from the previous year ($6,262).

Primary care physicians in Maricopa County, AZ see 1448 patients per year on average, which represents a 1.9% increase from the previous year (1421 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1466 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 701 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, La Paz County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (17.8%). Additionally, Yuma County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (37.9%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the country level. Showing data for Maricopa County, AZ.

1,448 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Maricopa County, AZ

Primary care physicians in Maricopa County, AZ see an average of 1,448 patients per year. This represents a 1.9% increase from the previous year (1,421 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Maricopa County, AZ in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Arizona.

$6,452

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in Arizona

$4,035

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$6,032

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$10,096

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Arizona (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 3.03%, from $6,262 to $6,452.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

8.81%

Uninsured

62.2%

Employer Coverage

9.07%

Medicaid

9.57%

Medicare

9.23%

Non-Group

1.14%

Military or VA

Between 2018 and 2019, the percent of uninsured citizens in Chandler, AZ grew by 40.2% from 6.28% to 8.81%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Chandler, AZ changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.