Camden, NJ

Census Place

Add Comparison

2019 Population

74,002

0.812% 1-year decline

US Senator

Bob Menendez

Democratic Party

US Senator

Cory Booker

Democratic Party

2019 Median Age

30.8

0.984% 1-year increase

2019 Poverty Rate

36.4%

1.17% 1-year decrease

2019 Median Household Income

$27,015

0.203% 1-year decline

2019 Median Property Value

$84,000

1.57% 1-year growth

2019 Employed Population

25,998

2.33% 1-year decline

About

In 2019, Camden, NJ had a population of 74k people with a median age of 30.8 and a median household income of $27,015. Between 2018 and 2019 the population of Camden, NJ declined from 74,608 to 74,002, a −0.812% decrease and its median household income declined from $27,070 to $27,015, a −0.203% decrease.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Camden, NJ are Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (39.1%), Other (Hispanic) (27.2%), White (Hispanic) (17.7%), White (Non-Hispanic) (5.77%), and Two+ (Hispanic) (3.31%). 0% of the households in Camden, NJ speak a non-English language at home as their primary language, and 91.4% of the residents in Camden, NJ are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Camden, NJ are Rutgers University-Camden (1,782 degrees awarded in 2019).

In 2019, the median property value in Camden, NJ was $84,000, and the homeownership rate was 39.3%. Most people in Camden, NJ drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 25.7 minutes. The average car ownership in Camden, NJ was 1 car per household.

United States New Jersey Camden County, NJ Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Camden & Gloucester Cities PUMA, NJ Lindenwold & Collingswood Boroughs PUMA, NJ

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for New Jersey. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in New Jersey, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in New Jersey (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

Start Year

Y-Axis

8.45%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between May 2020 and May 2021

As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in New Jersey. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in New Jersey.

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Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of New Jersey across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Diversity

Camden, NJ is home to a population of 74k people, from which 91.4% are citizens. As of 2019, 49.4% of Camden, NJ residents were born outside of the country (36.6k people).

In 2019, there were 1.44 times more Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) residents (28.9k people) in Camden, NJ than any other race or ethnicity. There were 20.1k Other (Hispanic) and 13.1k White (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Camden, NJ

Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
28.9k ± 1.23k
Other (Hispanic)
20.1k ± 1.84k
White (Hispanic)
13.1k ± 1.72k

51%

Hispanic Population

37.7k people

51% of the people in Camden, NJ are hispanic (37.7k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Camden, NJ as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

49.4%

2019 Foreign-Born Population

36.6k people

15.2%

2018 Foreign-Born Population

11.3k people

As of 2019, 49.4% of Camden, NJ residents (36.6k people) were born outside of the United States, which is higher than the national average of 34%. In 2018, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Camden, NJ was 15.2%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Camden, NJ compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 1.5

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 1.4

In 2019, the median age of all people in Camden, NJ was 30.8. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 28, were generally younger than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 40. But people in Camden, NJ are getting getting older. In 2018, the average age of all Camden, NJ residents was 31.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for New Jersey.

Most Common Origin

India
256,930 ± 12,263 people
Dominican Republic
177,723 ± 10,246 people
Mexico
114,735 ± 8,262 people

In 2019, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of New Jersey was India, the natal country of 256,930 New Jersey residents, followed by Dominican Republic with 177,723 and Mexico with 114,735.

Citizenship

91.4%

2019 Citizenship

90%

2018 Citizenship

As of 2019, 91.4% of Camden, NJ residents were US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93.4%. In 2018, the percentage of US citizens in Camden, NJ was 90%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Camden, NJ compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
618 ± 188
Gulf War (2001-)
380 ± 154
Gulf War (1990s)
215 ± 127

Camden, NJ has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.63 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

Median household income in Camden, NJ is $27,015. In 2019, the place with the highest Median Household Income in Camden, NJ was Census Tract 6012 with a value of $41,440, followed by Census Tract 6010 and Census Tract 6011.01, with respective values of $40,200 and $36,297.

Males in New Jersey have an average income that is 1.38 times higher than the average income of females, which is $65,705. The income inequality in New Jersey (measured using the Gini index) is 0.493, which is higher than than the national average.

The economy of Camden, NJ employs 26k people. The largest industries in Camden, NJ are Health Care & Social Assistance (5,399 people), Retail Trade (3,434 people), and Accommodation & Food Services (2,579 people), and the highest paying industries are Public Administration ($53,857), Utilities ($51,397), and Finance & Insurance ($44,886).

Wages

Median Household Income

$27,015

2019 value

± $2,193

−0.203%

1 Year Growth

± 10.6%

Households in Camden, NJ have a median annual income of $27,015, which is less than the median annual income of $65,712 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $27,070 in 2018, which represents a −0.203% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Camden, NJ compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Gender in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for New Jersey.

$90,674

Average Male Salary in New Jersey

± $1,740

$65,705

Average Female Salary in New Jersey

± $1,243

In 2019, full-time male employees in New Jersey made 1.38 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in New Jersey by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for New Jersey.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in New Jersey

Asian
$87,067 ± $3,382
White
$72,672 ± $1,251
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
$57,744 ± $41,155

In 2019 the highest paid race/ethnicity of New Jersey workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.2 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in New Jersey.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in New Jersey by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Camden, NJ is from New Jersey.

0.493

2019 Wage GINI in New Jersey

0.492

2018 Wage GINI in New Jersey

In 2019, the income inequality in New Jersey was 0.493 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.0623% growth from 2018 to 2019, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for New Jersey was higher than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed less evenly in New Jersey in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in New Jersey across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 6012
Census Tract 6010
Census Tract 6011.01

In 2019, the place with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Camden, NJ was Census Tract 6012 with a value of $41,440, followed by Census Tract 6010 and Census Tract 6011.01, with respective values of $40,200 and $36,297.

The following map shows all of the places in Camden, NJ colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Gender

Females 25 - 34

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

36.4% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Camden, NJ (26.1k out of 71.8k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.3%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 35 - 44 and then Females 45 - 54.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

Hispanic
14,442 ± 999
Black
9,918 ± 843
Other
9,525 ± 860

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Camden, NJ is Hispanic, followed by Black and Other.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

26k

2019 Value

± 1,420

−2.33%

1 Year decline

± 7.66%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Camden, NJ declined at a rate of −2.33%, from 26.6k employees to 26k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Camden, NJ, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (2,829 people), Material Moving Occupations (2,672 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (2,633 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Camden, NJ.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Camden, NJ, by number of employees, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (2,829 people), Material Moving Occupations (2,672 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (2,633 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Camden, NJ has an unusually high number of residents working as Material Moving Occupations (2.77 times higher than expected), Healthcare Support Occupations (2.49 times), and Fire Fighting & Prevention, & Other Protective Service Workers Including Supervisors (1.77 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Camden, NJ, by median earnings, are Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners & Other Technical Occupations ($82,697), Architecture & Engineering Occupations ($63,750), and Fire Fighting & Prevention, & Other Protective Service Workers Including Supervisors ($55,149).

Industries

Employment by Industries

26k

2019 Value

± 1,420

−2.33%

1 Year decline

± 7.66%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Camden, NJ declined at a rate of −2.33%, from 26.6k employees to 26k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Camden, NJ, are Health Care & Social Assistance (5,399 people), Retail Trade (3,434 people), and Accommodation & Food Services (2,579 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Camden, NJ, though some of these residents may live in Camden, NJ and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Camden, NJ, by number of employees, are Health Care & Social Assistance (5,399 people), Retail Trade (3,434 people), and Accommodation & Food Services (2,579 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Camden, NJ has an unusually high number of Wholesale Trade (1.83 times higher than expected), Transportation & Warehousing (1.81 times), and Management of Companies & Enterprises (1.5 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Camden, NJ, by median earnings, are Public Administration ($53,857), Utilities ($51,397), and Finance & Insurance ($44,886).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from New Jersey to other states, or from other states to New Jersey.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2018, the top outbound New Jersey product (by dollars) was Motorized vehicles with $57.4B, followed by Electronics ($52.6B) and Pharmaceuticals ($51.9B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound New Jersey products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for New Jersey.

$660B

2018 Value in New Jersey

$1.36T

Projected 2045 Value in New Jersey

105% growth

In 2018, total outbound New Jersey trade was $660B. This is expected to increase 105% to $1.36T by 2045.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound New Jersey trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from New Jersey to other states, or from other states to New Jersey.

Most Common Trade Partners

New York
$115B
Pennsylvania
$64.9B
California
$23.7B

In 2018, the top outbound New Jersey domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was New York with $115B, followed by Pennsylvania with $64.9B and California and $23.7B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that New Jersey shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Camden County, NJ went to Hillary Rodham Clinton with 64.7% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (32.1%), followed by Other (3.2%). The most partisan county was Essex County, NJ with 77.5% of the vote going to Hillary Rodham Clinton running for the Democratic Party.

Bob Menendez and Cory Booker are the senators currently representing the state of New Jersey. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

New Jersey is currently represented by 12 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Camden, NJ. Showing the available data for Camden County, NJ.

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

2016 Election Results

Hillary Rodham Clinton (64.7%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (32.1%)
Republican Party
Other (3.2%)
Other Party

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in New Jersey went to Hillary Rodham Clinton with 64.7% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (32.1%), followed by Other (3.2%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in New Jersey for each registered party from 1976 to 2016.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of New Jersey.

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

Hillary Rodham Clinton

Popular Vote for Camden County, NJ

64.7% for the Democratic Party

Most Partisan Counties in New Jersey

Essex County, NJ
77.5% for Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democratic Party)
Hudson County, NJ
74.7% for Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democratic Party)
Mercer County, NJ
66.9% for Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democratic Party)

In the 2016 presidential election, the most partisan county in New Jersey was Essex County, NJ with 77.5% of the vote going to Hillary Rodham Clinton running for the Democratic Party.

The following map shows the counties in New Jersey colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from New Jersey

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

Bob Menendez

Senator from New Jersey

Assumed office on January 17, 2006
Appointed to the seat following the resignation of Jon Corzine, who had become Governor of New Jersey.

Cory Booker

Senator from New Jersey

Assumed office on October 31, 2013
Elected to the seat to succeed Jeffrey Chiesa, who had been appointed to the seat following the death of Frank Lautenberg.

Bob Menendez and Cory Booker are the senators currently representing New Jersey.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in New Jersey over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from New Jersey

New Jersey is currently represented by 12 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for New Jersey have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2019, universities in Camden, NJ awarded 1,782 degrees. The student population of Camden, NJ is skewed towards women, with 2,888 male students and 4,345 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Camden, NJ are White (992 and 56.9%), followed by Black or African American (267 and 15.3%), Hispanic or Latino (229 and 13.1%), and Asian (158 and 9.06%).

The largest universities in Camden, NJ by number of degrees awarded are Rutgers University-Camden (1,782 and 100%).

The most popular majors in Camden, NJ are General Business Administration & Management (318 and 17.8%), Registered Nursing (248 and 13.9%), and General Psychology (126 and 7.07%).

The median tuition costs in Camden, NJ are $N/A for private four year colleges, and $12,230 and $28,466 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Concentrations

Most Common

General Business Administration & Management
209 degree-majorss awarded
General Health Services
115 degree-majorss awarded
Registered Nursing
248 degree-majorss awarded

In 2018, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Camden, NJ was General Business Administration & Management with 209 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Camden, NJ according to their major.

Universities

Rutgers University-Camden

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

1,782 degrees awarded

$12,230

Median In-State Public

$N/A

Median Private

In 2019, the Camden, NJ institution with the largest number of graduating students was Rutgers University-Camden with 1,782 degrees awarded.

Student Gender for Common Institutions

730

Degrees Awarded to Men

1,052

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2019, 730 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Camden, NJ, which is 0.694 times less than the 1,052 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the gender disparity between the institutions in Camden, NJ by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
992 degrees awarded
Black or African American
267 degrees awarded
Hispanic or Latino
229 degrees awarded

In 2019 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions in Camden, NJ was White students. These 992 degrees mean that there were 3.72 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 267 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Camden, NJ was $84,000 in 2019, which is 0.349 times smaller than the national average of $240,500. Between 2018 and 2019 the median property value increased from $82,700 to $84,000, a 1.57% increase. The homeownership rate in Camden, NJ is 39.3%, which is lower than the national average of 64.1%. People in Camden, NJ have an average commute time of 25.7 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Camden, NJ is lower than the national average, with an average of 1 car per household.

Housing

Property Value

$84,000

2019 Median

± $2,496

$82,700

2018 Median

± $2,178

In 2019, the median property value in Camden, NJ grew to to $84,000 from the previous year's value of $82,700.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Camden, NJ compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Camden, NJ the largest share of households have a property value in the $80k - $90k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$27,015

Median Household Income

± $2,193

24.7k

Number of Households

± 1,237

In 2019, the median household income of the 24.7k households in Camden, NJ declined from $27,015 from the previous year's value of $27,070.

The following chart displays the households in Camden, NJ distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the < $10k range.

Property Taxes

$800 - $1,499

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Camden, NJ distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Camden, NJ the largest share of households pay taxes in the $800 - $1,499 range.

Rent vs Own

39.3%

2019 Homeownership

39%

2018 Homeownership

In 2019, 39.3% of the housing units in Camden, NJ were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 39%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is lower than the national average of 64.1%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Camden, NJ compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

25.7 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Camden, NJ have a longer commute time (25.7 minutes) than the normal US worker (25.5 minutes). Additionally, 2.92% of the workforce in Camden, NJ have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Camden, NJ compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2019

Drove Alone (58.6%)
Carpooled (17.8%)
Public Transit (14%)

In 2019, 58.6% of workers in Camden, NJ drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (17.8%) and those who used public transit to get to work (14%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

1 car

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Camden, NJ distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Camden, NJ have 1 car, followed by 2 cars.

Health

88.5% of the population of Camden, NJ has health coverage, with 21% on employee plans, 51.1% on Medicaid, 7% on Medicare, 8.89% on non-group plans, and 0.428% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in New Jersey was $8,859 in 2014. This is a 4.91% increase from the previous year ($8,444).

Primary care physicians in Camden County, NJ see 971 patients per year on average, which represents a 0% change from the previous year (971 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1217 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 306 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Salem County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (15.6%). Additionally, Salem County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (39%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the country level. Showing data for Camden County, NJ.

971 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Camden County, NJ

Primary care physicians in Camden County, NJ see an average of 971 patients per year. This represents a 0% change from the previous year (971 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Camden County, NJ in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

$8,859

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in New Jersey

$5,081

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$8,049

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$12,614

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in New Jersey (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 4.91%, from $8,444 to $8,859.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

11.5%

Uninsured

21%

Employer Coverage

51.1%

Medicaid

Medicare

8.89%

Non-Group

0.428%

Military or VA

Between 2018 and 2019, the percent of uninsured citizens in Camden, NJ declined by 14.3% from 13.5% to 11.5%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Camden, NJ changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.