Beaver County, PA

County

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2020 Population

164,781

0.634% 1-year decline

US Senator

Bob Casey Jr.

Democratic Party

US Senator

Pat Toomey

Republican Party

2020 Median Age

45.1

0% 1-year change

2020 Poverty Rate

9.81%

11% 1-year decrease

2020 Median Household Income

$59,014

2.09% 1-year growth

2020 Median Property Value

$148,700

5.39% 1-year growth

2020 Employed Population

79,802

1.38% 1-year decline

About

In 2020, Beaver County, PA had a population of 165k people with a median age of 45.1 and a median household income of $59,014. Between 2019 and 2020 the population of Beaver County, PA declined from 165,833 to 164,781, a −0.634% decrease and its median household income grew from $57,807 to $59,014, a 2.09% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Beaver County, PA are White (Non-Hispanic) (89%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (5.88%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (2.86%), White (Hispanic) (0.777%), and Two+ (Hispanic) (0.512%).

None of the households in Beaver County, PA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

99.5% of the residents in Beaver County, PA are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Beaver County, PA are Geneva College (411 degrees awarded in 2020), Community College of Beaver County (321 degrees), and Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry (39 degrees).

In 2020, the median property value in Beaver County, PA was $148,700, and the homeownership rate was 73%. Most people in Beaver County, PA drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 26.4 minutes. The average car ownership in Beaver County, PA was 2 cars per household.

Beaver County, PA borders Columbiana County, OH, Allegheny County, PA, Butler County, PA, Lawrence County, PA, Washington County, PA, and Hancock County, WV.

United States Pennsylvania Pittsburgh, PA

Diversity

Beaver County, PA is home to a population of 165k people, from which 99.5% are citizens. As of 2020, 2.04% of Beaver County, PA residents were born outside of the country (3.36k people).

In 2020, there were 15.1 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (147k people) in Beaver County, PA than any other race or ethnicity. There were 9.69k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 4.72k Two+ (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Beaver County, PA

White (Non-Hispanic)
147k ± 340
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
9.69k ± 537
Two+ (Non-Hispanic)
4.72k ± 650

1.69%

Hispanic Population

2.79k people

1.69% of the people in Beaver County, PA are hispanic (2.79k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Beaver County, PA as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

2.04%

2020 Foreign-Born Population

3.36k people

1.83%

2019 Foreign-Born Population

3.04k people

As of 2020, 2.04% of Beaver County, PA residents (3.36k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.5%. In 2019, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Beaver County, PA was 1.83%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Beaver County, PA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.2

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 4.2

In 2020, the median age of all people in Beaver County, PA was 45.1. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 45, were generally younger than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 53. But people in Beaver County, PA are getting staying the same age. In 2019, the average age of all Beaver County, PA residents was 45.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Pennsylvania.

Most Common Origin

India
92,750 ± 7,450 people
Dominican Republic
72,397 ± 6,587 people
China
65,642 ± 6,274 people

In 2020, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Pennsylvania was India, the natal country of 92,750 Pennsylvania residents, followed by Dominican Republic with 72,397 and China with 65,642.

Citizenship

99.5%

2020 Citizenship

99.5%

2019 Citizenship

As of 2020, 99.5% of Beaver County, PA residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2019, the percentage of US citizens in Beaver County, PA was 99.5%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Beaver County, PA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
4,087 ± 386
Gulf War (2001-)
1,628 ± 304
Gulf War (1990s)
1,401 ± 278

Beaver County, PA has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 2.51 times greater than any other conflict.

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for Pennsylvania. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in Pennsylvania, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Pennsylvania.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Pennsylvania (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Pennsylvania.

Y-Axis

8.45%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between May 2020 and May 2021

As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in Pennsylvania. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Pennsylvania.

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Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Pennsylvania.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of Pennsylvania across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Economy

Median household income in Beaver County, PA is $59,014. In 2020, the tract with the highest Median Household Income in Beaver County, PA was Census Tract 6026.01 with a value of $89,896, followed by Census Tract 6038.01 and Census Tract 6032.02, with respective values of $87,647 and $87,433.

Males in Pennsylvania have an average income that is 1.34 times higher than the average income of females, which is $54,196. The income inequality in Pennsylvania (measured using the Gini index) is 0.466, which is lower than than the national average.

The economy of Beaver County, PA employs 79.8k people. The largest industries in Beaver County, PA are Health Care & Social Assistance (13,237 people), Manufacturing (9,074 people), and Retail Trade (8,907 people), and the highest paying industries are Utilities ($90,391), Management of Companies & Enterprises ($78,553), and Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction ($60,417).

Wages

Median Household Income

$59,014

2020 value

± $1,640

2.09%

1 Year Growth

± 3.53%

Households in Beaver County, PA have a median annual income of $59,014, which is less than the median annual income of $64,994 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $57,807 in 2019, which represents a 2.09% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Beaver County, PA compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Sex in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Pennsylvania.

$72,428

Average Male Salary in Pennsylvania

± $1,115

$54,196

Average Female Salary in Pennsylvania

± $827

In 2020, full-time male employees in Pennsylvania made 1.34 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the sex-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Pennsylvania by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Pennsylvania.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in Pennsylvania

Asian
$66,664 ± $4,080
Alaska Native
$58,659 ± $80,539
White
$56,784 ± $709

In 2020 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Pennsylvania workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.14 times more than Alaska Native workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in Pennsylvania.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Pennsylvania by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Beaver County, PA is from Pennsylvania.

0.466

2020 Wage GINI in Pennsylvania

0.469

2019 Wage GINI in Pennsylvania

In 2020, the income inequality in Pennsylvania was 0.466 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.614% decline from 2019 to 2020, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Pennsylvania was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Pennsylvania in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Pennsylvania across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 6026.01
Census Tract 6038.01
Census Tract 6032.02

In 2020, the tract with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Beaver County, PA was Census Tract 6026.01 with a value of $89,896, followed by Census Tract 6038.01 and Census Tract 6032.02, with respective values of $87,647 and $87,433.

The following map shows all of the tracts in Beaver County, PA colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Sex

Females 55 - 64

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

9.81% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Beaver County, PA (15.9k out of 162k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.8%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 55 - 64, followed by Females 25 - 34 and then Females 75+.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

White
11,827 ± 671
Black
2,763 ± 397
Two Or More
1,096 ± 244

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Beaver County, PA is White, followed by Black and Two Or More.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

79.8k

2020 Value

± 1,880

−1.38%

1 Year decline

± 3.2%

From 2019 to 2020, employment in Beaver County, PA declined at a rate of −1.38%, from 80.9k employees to 79.8k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Beaver County, PA, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (10,518 people), Management Occupations (7,595 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (6,809 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Beaver County, PA.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Beaver County, PA, by number of employees, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (10,518 people), Management Occupations (7,595 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (6,809 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, Beaver County, PA has an unusually high number of residents working as Health Technologists & Technicians (1.43 times higher than expected), Architecture & Engineering Occupations (1.39 times), and Transportation Occupations (1.29 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Beaver County, PA, by median earnings, are Management Occupations ($70,756), Law Enforcement Workers Including Supervisors ($68,906), and Architecture & Engineering Occupations ($66,945).

Industries

Employment by Industries

79.8k

2020 Value

± 1,880

−1.38%

1 Year decline

± 3.2%

From 2019 to 2020, employment in Beaver County, PA declined at a rate of −1.38%, from 80.9k employees to 79.8k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Beaver County, PA, are Health Care & Social Assistance (13,237 people), Manufacturing (9,074 people), and Retail Trade (8,907 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Beaver County, PA, though some of these residents may live in Beaver County, PA and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Beaver County, PA, by number of employees, are Health Care & Social Assistance (13,237 people), Manufacturing (9,074 people), and Retail Trade (8,907 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, Beaver County, PA has an unusually high number of Utilities (2.03 times higher than expected), Transportation & Warehousing (1.62 times), and Health Care & Social Assistance (1.19 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Beaver County, PA, by median earnings, are Utilities ($90,391), Management of Companies & Enterprises ($78,553), and Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction ($60,417).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Pennsylvania to other states, or from other states to Pennsylvania.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2020, the top outbound Pennsylvania product (by dollars) was Pharmaceuticals with $110B, followed by Mixed freight ($74.2B) and Electronics ($44.2B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Pennsylvania products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Pennsylvania.

$734B

2020 Value in Pennsylvania

$1.46T

Projected 2050 Value in Pennsylvania

99.3% growth

In 2020, total outbound Pennsylvania trade was $734B. This is expected to increase 99.3% to $1.46T by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Pennsylvania trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Pennsylvania to other states, or from other states to Pennsylvania.

Most Common Trade Partners

New Jersey
$73.5B
New York
$71.1B
Ohio
$36.8B

In 2020, the top outbound Pennsylvania domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was New Jersey with $73.5B, followed by New York with $71.1B and Ohio and $36.8B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Pennsylvania shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Beaver County, PA went to Donald J. Trump with 58.2% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (40.5%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.32%). The most partisan county was Fulton County, PA with 85.5% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

Bob Casey Jr. and Pat Toomey are the senators currently representing the state of Pennsylvania. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Pennsylvania is currently represented by 18 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

2020 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (58.2%)
Republican Party
Joseph R Biden Jr. (40.5%)
Democratic Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.32%)
Libertarian Party

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Beaver County, PA for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of Pennsylvania.

Donald J. Trump

Popular Vote for Beaver County, PA

58.2% for the Republican Party

Most Partisan Counties in Pennsylvania

Fulton County, PA
85.5% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Bedford County, PA
83.5% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Philadelphia County, PA
81.4% for Joseph R Biden Jr. (Democratic Party)

In the 2020 presidential election, the most partisan county in Pennsylvania was Fulton County, PA with 85.5% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

The following map shows the counties in Pennsylvania colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from Pennsylvania

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Pennsylvania.

Bob Casey Jr.

Senator from Pennsylvania

Assumed office on January 3, 2007

Pat Toomey

Senator from Pennsylvania

Assumed office on January 3, 2011

Bob Casey Jr. and Pat Toomey are the senators currently representing Pennsylvania.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Pennsylvania over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania is currently represented by 18 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Pennsylvania have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2020, universities in Beaver County, PA awarded 823 degrees. The student population of Beaver County, PA is skewed towards women, with 1,480 male students and 1,815 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Beaver County, PA are White (654 and 80.1%), followed by Black or African American (72 and 8.82%), Unknown (46 and 5.64%), and Two or More Races (23 and 2.82%).

The largest universities in Beaver County, PA by number of degrees awarded are Geneva College (411 and 49.9%), Community College of Beaver County (321 and 39%), and Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry (39 and 4.74%).

The most popular majors in Beaver County, PA are General Engineering (79 and 9.6%), Registered Nursing (71 and 8.63%), and General Business Administration & Management (54 and 6.56%).

The median tuition cost in Beaver County, PA for private four year colleges is $28,500.

Concentrations

Most Common

Teacher Education
19 degree-majorss awarded
General Engineering
72 degree-majorss awarded
General Business Administration & Management
26 degree-majorss awarded

In 2020, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Beaver County, PA was Teacher Education with 19 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Beaver County, PA according to their major.

Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Geneva College
411 degrees awarded
Community College of Beaver County
321 degrees awarded
Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry
39 degrees awarded

$28,500

Median Private

In 2020, the Beaver County, PA institution with the largest number of graduating students was Geneva College with 411 degrees awarded.

Student Sex for Common Institutions

358

Degrees Awarded to Men

465

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2020, 358 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Beaver County, PA, which is 0.77 times less than the 465 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the sex disparity between the institutions in Beaver County, PA by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
654 degrees awarded
Black or African American
72 degrees awarded
Unknown
46 degrees awarded

In 2020 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions in Beaver County, PA was White students. These 654 degrees mean that there were 9.08 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 72 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Beaver County, PA was $148,700 in 2020, which is 0.647 times smaller than the national average of $229,800. Between 2019 and 2020 the median property value increased from $141,100 to $148,700, a 5.39% increase. The homeownership rate in Beaver County, PA is 73%, which is higher than the national average of 64.4%. People in Beaver County, PA have an average commute time of 26.4 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Beaver County, PA is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$148,700

2020 Median

± $2,861

$141,100

2019 Median

± $2,296

In 2020, the median property value in Beaver County, PA grew to to $148,700 from the previous year's value of $141,100.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Beaver County, PA compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Beaver County, PA the largest share of households have a property value in the $150k - $175k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$59,014

Median Household Income

± $1,640

72.1k

Number of Households

± 1,719

In 2020, the median household income of the 72.1k households in Beaver County, PA grew to $59,014 from the previous year's value of $57,807.

The following chart displays the households in Beaver County, PA distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Property Taxes

$3k+

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Beaver County, PA distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Beaver County, PA the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

Rent vs Own

73%

2020 Homeownership

73.1%

2019 Homeownership

In 2020, 73% of the housing units in Beaver County, PA were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 73.1%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is higher than the national average of 64.4%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Beaver County, PA compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

26.4 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Beaver County, PA have a shorter commute time (26.4 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.9 minutes). Additionally, 1.71% of the workforce in Beaver County, PA have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Beaver County, PA compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2020

Drove Alone (81.2%)
Carpooled (7.94%)
Worked At Home (5.55%)

In 2020, 81.2% of workers in Beaver County, PA drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (7.94%) and those who worked at home (5.55%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Beaver County, PA distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Beaver County, PA have 2 cars, followed by false.

Health

96.2% of the population of Beaver County, PA has health coverage, with 51.4% on employee plans, 15.1% on Medicaid, 16.4% on Medicare, 12.1% on non-group plans, and 1.29% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in Pennsylvania was $9,258 in 2014. This is a 4.29% increase from the previous year ($8,877).

Primary care physicians in Beaver County, PA see 2353 patients per year on average, which represents a 0.556% increase from the previous year (2340 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1884 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 867 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Huntingdon County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (20.6%). Additionally, Armstrong County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (44%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

2,353 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Beaver County, PA

Primary care physicians in Beaver County, PA see an average of 2,353 patients per year. This represents a 0.556% increase from the previous year (2,340 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Beaver County, PA in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Pennsylvania.

$9,258

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in Pennsylvania

$4,634

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$9,407

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$11,243

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Pennsylvania (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 4.29%, from $8,877 to $9,258.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

3.82%

Uninsured

51.4%

Employer Coverage

15.1%

Medicaid

16.4%

Medicare

12.1%

Non-Group

1.29%

Military or VA

Between 2019 and 2020, the percent of uninsured citizens in Beaver County, PA grew by 1.17% from 3.78% to 3.82%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Beaver County, PA changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.