The enrolled student population at Truman State University is 78.5% White, 3.57% Black or African American, 3.36% Two or More Races, 3.14% Hispanic or Latino, 2.52% Asian, 0.287% American Indian or Alaska Native, and 0.0382% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders. This includes both full-time and part-time students as well as graduate and undergraduates. By comparison, enrollment for all Masters Colleges and Universities is 53.3% White, 16% Hispanic or Latino, and 12.9% Black or African American.

Any student who is studying in the United States on a temporary basis is categorized as a "Non-Resident Alien", and the share of those students are shown in the chart below. Additionally, 59 students (1.13%) did not report their race.