The enrolled student population at Truman State University is 79.8% White, 3.24% Black or African American, 3.19% Two or More Races, 2.74% Hispanic or Latino, 2.6% Asian, 0.319% American Indian or Alaska Native, and 0.0797% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders. This includes both full-time and part-time students as well as graduate and undergraduates. By comparison, enrollment for all Masters Colleges and Universities is 54.4% White, 15% Hispanic or Latino, and 13.2% Black or African American.

Any student who is studying in the United States on a temporary basis is categorized as a "Non-Resident Alien", and the share of those students are shown in the chart below. Additionally, 101 students (1.61%) did not report their race.