The enrolled student population at Truman State University is 80.3% White, 3.38% Hispanic or Latino, 3.21% Two or More Races, 2.32% Asian, 2.3% Black or African American, 0.227% American Indian or Alaska Native, and 0.0505% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders. This includes both full-time and part-time students as well as graduate and undergraduates. By comparison, enrollment for all Masters Colleges and Universities is 51.2% White, 17.3% Hispanic or Latino, and 13% Black or African American.

Any student who is studying in the United States on a temporary basis is categorized as a "Non-Resident Alien", and the share of those students are shown in the chart below. Additionally, 31 students (0.783%) did not report their race.