The enrolled student population at Truman State University is 80.3% White, 3.48% Two or More Races, 3.43% Hispanic or Latino, 2.58% Black or African American, 2.37% Asian, 0.189% American Indian or Alaska Native, and 0.0473% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders. This includes both full-time and part-time students as well as graduate and undergraduates. By comparison, enrollment for all Masters Colleges and Universities is 52% White, 16.9% Hispanic or Latino, and 12.8% Black or African American.

Any student who is studying in the United States on a temporary basis is categorized as a "Non-Resident Alien", and the share of those students are shown in the chart below. Additionally, 30 students (0.71%) did not report their race.