The enrolled student population at Truman State University is 80.6% White, 3.47% Hispanic or Latino, 3.05% Two or More Races, 2.12% Black or African American, 1.93% Asian, 0.248% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders, and 0.193% American Indian or Alaska Native. This includes both full-time and part-time students as well as graduate and undergraduates. By comparison, enrollment for all Masters Colleges and Universities is 50.1% White, 17.7% Hispanic or Latino, and 13.4% Black or African American.

Any student who is studying in the United States on a temporary basis is categorized as a "Non-Resident Alien", and the share of those students are shown in the chart below. Additionally, 47 students (1.29%) did not report their race.