Spartanburg, SC

Census Place

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2019 Population

37,424

0.145% 1-year growth

US Senator

Lindsey Graham

Republican Party

US Senator

Tim Scott

Republican Party

2019 Median Age

34.6

1.14% 1-year decrease

2019 Poverty Rate

23.3%

4.81% 1-year decrease

2019 Median Household Income

$40,053

4.51% 1-year growth

2019 Median Property Value

$125,600

7.53% 1-year growth

2019 Employed Population

16,603

2.1% 1-year growth

About

In 2019, Spartanburg, SC had a population of 37.4k people with a median age of 34.6 and a median household income of $40,053. Between 2018 and 2019 the population of Spartanburg, SC grew from 37,370 to 37,424, a 0.145% increase and its median household income grew from $38,325 to $40,053, a 4.51% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Spartanburg, SC are Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (47.2%), White (Non-Hispanic) (43.6%), White (Hispanic) (3.25%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (2.33%), and Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (1.71%). 0% of the households in Spartanburg, SC speak a non-English language at home as their primary language.

98.2% of the residents in Spartanburg, SC are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Spartanburg, SC are Wofford College (461 degrees awarded in 2020), Converse College (328 degrees), and Kenneth Shuler School of Cosmetology-Spartanburg (92 degrees).

In 2019, the median property value in Spartanburg, SC was $125,600, and the homeownership rate was 46.2%. Most people in Spartanburg, SC drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 19.5 minutes. The average car ownership in Spartanburg, SC was 2 cars per household.

Photo by -ted

United States South Carolina Spartanburg County, SC Spartanburg, SC Spartanburg City PUMA, SC

Diversity

Spartanburg, SC is home to a population of 37.4k people, from which 98.2% are citizens. As of 2019, 4.29% of Spartanburg, SC residents were born outside of the country (1.61k people).

In 2019, there were 1.08 times more Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) residents (17.7k people) in Spartanburg, SC than any other race or ethnicity. There were 16.3k White (Non-Hispanic) and 1.22k White (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Spartanburg, SC

Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
17.7k ± 825
White (Non-Hispanic)
16.3k ± 889
White (Hispanic)
1.22k ± 399

4.7%

Hispanic Population

1.76k people

4.7% of the people in Spartanburg, SC are hispanic (1.76k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Spartanburg, SC as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

4.29%

2019 Foreign-Born Population

1.61k people

4.04%

2018 Foreign-Born Population

1.51k people

As of 2019, 4.29% of Spartanburg, SC residents (1.61k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.7%. In 2018, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Spartanburg, SC was 4.04%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Spartanburg, SC compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 1.7

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 8.8

In 2019, the median age of all people in Spartanburg, SC was 34.6. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 34, were generally younger than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 42. But people in Spartanburg, SC are getting getting younger. In 2018, the average age of all Spartanburg, SC residents was 35.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for South Carolina.

Most Common Origin

Mexico
64,736 ± 6,206 people
India
14,943 ± 2,997 people
Honduras
11,181 ± 2,593 people

In 2019, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of South Carolina was Mexico, the natal country of 64,736 South Carolina residents, followed by India with 14,943 and Honduras with 11,181.

Citizenship

98.2%

2019 Citizenship

98.2%

2018 Citizenship

As of 2019, 98.2% of Spartanburg, SC residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2018, the percentage of US citizens in Spartanburg, SC was 98.2%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Spartanburg, SC compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
727 ± 169
Gulf War (2001-)
432 ± 172
Gulf War (1990s)
275 ± 108

Spartanburg, SC has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.68 times greater than any other conflict.

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for South Carolina. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in South Carolina, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for South Carolina.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in South Carolina (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for South Carolina.

Y-Axis

8.45%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between May 2020 and May 2021

As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in South Carolina. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in South Carolina.

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Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for South Carolina.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of South Carolina across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Economy

Median household income in Spartanburg, SC is $40,053. In 2019, the place with the highest median household income in Spartanburg, SC was Census Tract 213.02 with a value of $97,639, followed by Census Tract 212 and Census Tract 219.02, with respective values of $75,200 and $66,579.

Males in South Carolina have an average income that is 1.37 times higher than the average income of females, which is $43,921. The income inequality in South Carolina (measured using the Gini index) is 0.461, which is lower than than the national average.

The economy of Spartanburg, SC employs 16.6k people. The largest industries in Spartanburg, SC are Manufacturing (3,348 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (2,309 people), and Retail Trade (1,777 people), and the highest paying industries are Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($46,927), Finance & Insurance ($38,448), and Management of Companies & Enterprises ($38,393).

Wages

Median Household Income

$40,053

2019 value

± $2,473

4.51%

1 Year Growth

± 6.89%

Households in Spartanburg, SC have a median annual income of $40,053, which is less than the median annual income of $65,712 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $38,325 in 2018, which represents a 4.51% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Spartanburg, SC compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Sex in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for South Carolina.

$60,300

Average Male Salary in South Carolina

± $1,526

$43,921

Average Female Salary in South Carolina

± $1,088

In 2019, full-time male employees in South Carolina made 1.37 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the sex-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in South Carolina by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for South Carolina.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in South Carolina

Asian
$57,024 ± $9,306
White
$51,354 ± $1,131
American Indian
$44,350 ± $16,152

In 2019 the highest paid race/ethnicity of South Carolina workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.11 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in South Carolina.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in South Carolina by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Spartanburg, SC is from South Carolina.

0.461

2019 Wage GINI in South Carolina

0.462

2018 Wage GINI in South Carolina

In 2019, the income inequality in South Carolina was 0.461 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.211% decline from 2018 to 2019, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for South Carolina was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in South Carolina in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in South Carolina across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 213.02
Census Tract 212
Census Tract 219.02

In 2019, the place with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Spartanburg, SC was Census Tract 213.02 with a value of $97,639, followed by Census Tract 212 and Census Tract 219.02, with respective values of $75,200 and $66,579.

The following map shows all of the places in Spartanburg, SC colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Sex

Females 25 - 34

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

23.3% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Spartanburg, SC (8.17k out of 35.1k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.3%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Males 6 - 11 and then Females 55 - 64.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

Black
5,947 ± 576
White
1,881 ± 292
Hispanic
420 ± 169

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Spartanburg, SC is Black, followed by White and Hispanic.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

16.6k

2019 Value

± 859

2.1%

1 Year growth

± 7.18%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Spartanburg, SC grew at a rate of 2.1%, from 16.3k employees to 16.6k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Spartanburg, SC, are Production Occupations (2,189 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (1,777 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (1,495 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Spartanburg, SC.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Spartanburg, SC, by number of employees, are Production Occupations (2,189 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (1,777 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (1,495 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Spartanburg, SC has an unusually high number of residents working as Production Occupations (2.33 times higher than expected), Material Moving Occupations (2.23 times), and Community & Social Service Occupations (1.64 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Spartanburg, SC, by median earnings, are Legal Occupations ($121,750), Computer & Mathematical Occupations ($76,417), and Architecture & Engineering Occupations ($70,156).

Industries

Employment by Industries

16.6k

2019 Value

± 859

2.1%

1 Year growth

± 7.18%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Spartanburg, SC grew at a rate of 2.1%, from 16.3k employees to 16.6k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Spartanburg, SC, are Manufacturing (3,348 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (2,309 people), and Retail Trade (1,777 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Spartanburg, SC, though some of these residents may live in Spartanburg, SC and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Spartanburg, SC, by number of employees, are Manufacturing (3,348 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (2,309 people), and Retail Trade (1,777 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Spartanburg, SC has an unusually high number of Manufacturing (2.02 times higher than expected), Accommodation & Food Services (1.28 times), and Information (1.24 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Spartanburg, SC, by median earnings, are Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($46,927), Finance & Insurance ($38,448), and Management of Companies & Enterprises ($38,393).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from South Carolina to other states, or from other states to South Carolina.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2020, the top outbound South Carolina product (by dollars) was Motorized vehicles with $38.2B, followed by Plastics/rubber ($32.1B) and Machinery ($26.9B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound South Carolina products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for South Carolina.

$285B

2020 Value in South Carolina

$613B

Projected 2050 Value in South Carolina

115% growth

In 2020, total outbound South Carolina trade was $285B. This is expected to increase 115% to $613B by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound South Carolina trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from South Carolina to other states, or from other states to South Carolina.

Most Common Trade Partners

North Carolina
$30.1B
Georgia
$22.4B
Texas
$13.2B

In 2020, the top outbound South Carolina domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was North Carolina with $30.1B, followed by Georgia with $22.4B and Texas and $13.2B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that South Carolina shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in South Carolina went to Donald J. Trump with 55.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (43.4%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.11%). The most partisan county was Allendale County, SC with 75.6% of the vote going to Joseph R Biden Jr. running for the Democratic Party.

Lindsey Graham and Tim Scott are the senators currently representing the state of South Carolina. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

South Carolina is currently represented by 7 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Spartanburg, SC. Showing the available data for South Carolina.

2020 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (55.1%)
Republican Party
Joseph R Biden Jr. (43.4%)
Democratic Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.11%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in South Carolina went to Donald J. Trump with 55.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (43.4%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.11%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in South Carolina for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of South Carolina.

Donald J. Trump

Popular Vote for South Carolina

55.1% for the Republican Party

Most Partisan Counties in South Carolina

Allendale County, SC
75.6% for Joseph R Biden Jr. (Democratic Party)
Pickens County, SC
74.6% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Oconee County, SC
73% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)

In the 2020 presidential election, the most partisan county in South Carolina was Allendale County, SC with 75.6% of the vote going to Joseph R Biden Jr. running for the Democratic Party.

The following map shows the counties in South Carolina colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from South Carolina

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for South Carolina.

Lindsey Graham

Senator from South Carolina

Assumed office on January 3, 2003

Tim Scott

Senator from South Carolina

Assumed office on January 3, 2013
Appointed to the seat following the resignation of Jim DeMint.

Lindsey Graham and Tim Scott are the senators currently representing South Carolina.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in South Carolina over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from South Carolina

South Carolina is currently represented by 7 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for South Carolina have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2020, universities in Spartanburg, SC awarded 884 degrees. The student population of Spartanburg, SC is skewed towards women, with 981 male students and 2,292 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Spartanburg, SC are White (642 and 74.7%), followed by Black or African American (103 and 12%), Unknown (34 and 3.96%), and Hispanic or Latino (33 and 3.84%).

The largest universities in Spartanburg, SC by number of degrees awarded are Wofford College (461 and 52.1%), Converse College (328 and 37.1%), and Kenneth Shuler School of Cosmetology-Spartanburg (92 and 10.4%).

The most popular majors in Spartanburg, SC are General Biological Sciences (81 and 9.16%), Aesthetician & Skin Care Specialist (73 and 8.26%), and General Psychology (66 and 7.47%).

The median tuition cost in Spartanburg, SC for private four year colleges is $32,755.

Concentrations

Most Common

General Finance
52 degree-majorss awarded
General Biological Sciences
81 degree-majorss awarded
General Psychology
66 degree-majorss awarded

In 2020, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Spartanburg, SC was General Finance with 52 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Spartanburg, SC according to their major.

Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Wofford College
461 degrees awarded
Converse College
328 degrees awarded
Kenneth Shuler School of Cosmetology-Spartanburg
92 degrees awarded

$32,755

Median Private

In 2020, the Spartanburg, SC institution with the largest number of graduating students was Wofford College with 461 degrees awarded.

Student Sex for Common Institutions

240

Degrees Awarded to Men

644

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2020, 240 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Spartanburg, SC, which is 0.373 times less than the 644 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the sex disparity between the institutions in Spartanburg, SC by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
642 degrees awarded
Black or African American
103 degrees awarded
Unknown
34 degrees awarded

In 2020 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions in Spartanburg, SC was White students. These 642 degrees mean that there were 6.23 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 103 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Spartanburg, SC was $125,600 in 2019, which is 0.522 times smaller than the national average of $240,500. Between 2018 and 2019 the median property value increased from $116,800 to $125,600, a 7.53% increase. The homeownership rate in Spartanburg, SC is 46.2%, which is lower than the national average of 64.1%. People in Spartanburg, SC have an average commute time of 19.5 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Spartanburg, SC is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$125,600

2019 Median

± $6,819

$116,800

2018 Median

± $5,944

In 2019, the median property value in Spartanburg, SC grew to to $125,600 from the previous year's value of $116,800.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Spartanburg, SC compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Spartanburg, SC the largest share of households have a property value in the $100k - $125k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$40,053

Median Household Income

± $2,473

15.2k

Number of Households

± 773

In 2019, the median household income of the 15.2k households in Spartanburg, SC grew to $40,053 from the previous year's value of $38,325.

The following chart displays the households in Spartanburg, SC distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the < $10k range.

Property Taxes

< $800

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Spartanburg, SC distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Spartanburg, SC the largest share of households pay taxes in the < $800 range.

Rent vs Own

46.2%

2019 Homeownership

45.1%

2018 Homeownership

In 2019, 46.2% of the housing units in Spartanburg, SC were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 45.1%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is lower than the national average of 64.1%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Spartanburg, SC compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

19.5 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Spartanburg, SC have a shorter commute time (19.5 minutes) than the normal US worker (25.5 minutes). Additionally, 0.581% of the workforce in Spartanburg, SC have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Spartanburg, SC compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2019

Drove Alone (80.2%)
Carpooled (10.8%)
Worked At Home (4.04%)

In 2019, 80.2% of workers in Spartanburg, SC drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (10.8%) and those who worked at home (4.04%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Spartanburg, SC distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Spartanburg, SC have 2 cars, followed by false.

Health

89.7% of the population of Spartanburg, SC has health coverage, with 39.6% on employee plans, 25% on Medicaid, 12.5% on Medicare, 11.2% on non-group plans, and 1.41% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in South Carolina was $7,311 in 2014. This is a 4.15% increase from the previous year ($7,020).

Primary care physicians in Spartanburg County, SC see 1509 patients per year on average, which represents a 3.29% increase from the previous year (1461 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 2024 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 846 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Williamsburg County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (23.4%). Additionally, Union County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (46.8%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the country level. Showing data for Spartanburg County, SC.

1,509 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Spartanburg County, SC

Primary care physicians in Spartanburg County, SC see an average of 1,509 patients per year. This represents a 3.29% increase from the previous year (1,461 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Spartanburg County, SC in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for South Carolina.

$7,311

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in South Carolina

$4,235

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$5,491

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$10,298

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in South Carolina (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 4.15%, from $7,020 to $7,311.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

10.3%

Uninsured

39.6%

Employer Coverage

25%

Medicaid

12.5%

Medicare

11.2%

Non-Group

1.41%

Military or VA

Between 2018 and 2019, the percent of uninsured citizens in Spartanburg, SC declined by 16.7% from 12.4% to 10.3%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Spartanburg, SC changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.