Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

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2024 Population

99,094

US Senator

Alex Padilla

Democratic Party

US Senator

Adam Schiff

Democratic Party

2024 Median Age

1.06% 1-year increase

2024 Poverty Rate

6.73%

7.99% 1-year increase

2024 Median Household Income

$226,393

7.67% 1-year growth

2024 Median Property Value

$2M

2024 Employed Population

43,157

0.213% 1-year decline

About

40.9% of the households in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

84.7% of the residents in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA are Stanford University (5,549 degrees awarded in 2024), Foothill College (1,901 degrees), and Palo Alto University (355 degrees).

In 2024, the median property value in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA was $2M, and the homeownership rate was 57.1%.

Most people in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 20.7 minutes. The average car ownership in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA was 2 cars per household.

Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA borders San Mateo County (South & West)--San Mateo (South) & Half Moon Bay Cities PUMA, CA, San Mateo County (Southeast)--Menlo Park, East Palo Alto Cities & Atherton Town PUMA, CA, Santa Clara County (Southwest)--Cupertino, Saratoga Cities & Los Gatos Town PUMA, CA, Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Mountain View & Los Altos Cities PUMA, CA, and Santa Cruz County (North)--Watsonville & Scotts Valley Cities PUMA, CA.

United States California

Population & Diversity

Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA is home to a population of 99.1k people, from which 84.7% are citizens. As of 2024, 34.1% of Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA residents were born outside of the country (33.7k people).

In 2024, there were 1.27 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (45.3k people) in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA than any other race or ethnicity. There were 35.8k Asian (Non-Hispanic) and 5.4k Two Races Excluding Other, & Three or More Races (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary language in households in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA are Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) (14,030 households), Spanish (5,779 households), and Korean (2,327 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

49,241

Women

50.7%

47,953

Men

49.3%

The resident population of United States in 2024 was 97,194 inhabitants, with 49.3% men, and 50.7% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

84.7%

2024 Citizenship

85.1%

2023 Citizenship

As of 2024, 84.7% of Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA residents were US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93.2%. In 2023, the percentage of US citizens in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA was 85.1%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA

White (Non-Hispanic)
45.3k ± 1.83k
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
35.8k ± 1.75k
Two Races Excluding Other, & Three or More Races (Non-Hispanic)
5.4k ± 773

8.8%

Hispanic Population

8.72k people

8.8% of the people in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA are hispanic (8.72k people).

The following chart shows the 8 races represented in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

China
7,134 ± 1,996 people
India
4,741 ± 1,649 people
Taiwan
2,392 ± 1,186 people

In 2024, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA was China, the natal country of 7,134 Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA residents, followed by India with 4,741 and Taiwan with 2,392.

Foreign-Born Population

34.1%

2024 Foreign-Born Population

33.7k people

34.1%

2023 Foreign-Born Population

33.7k people

As of 2024, 34.1% of Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA residents (33.7k people) were born outside of the United States, which is approximately the same as the national average of 14%. In 2023, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA was 34.1%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)
14,030 households (14.7%)
Spanish
5,779 households (6.07%)
Korean
2,327 households (2.45%)

40.9% of the households in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is higher than the national average of 22.3%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2024, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA was Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese). 14.7% of the households in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA reported speaking Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
676 ± 167
Gulf War (2001-)
253 ± 135
Korea
158 ± 85

Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 2.67 times greater than any other conflict.

The chart shows the distribution of veterans by conflict in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA.

Health

98.2% of the population of Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA has health coverage, with 63% on employee plans, 6.4% on Medicaid, 12.8% on Medicare, 15.6% on non-group plans, and 0.488% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in California see 1,233 patients per year on average, which represents a 0% change from the previous year (1,233 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1076 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 213 patients per year.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 49% were men and 51% were women.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for California.

1,233 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in California

Primary care physicians in California see an average of 1,233 patients per year. This represents a 0% change from the previous year (1,233 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in California in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Health Care Diversity

In 2024, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 22.4% under 18 years, 24.8% between 18 and 34 years, 35% between 35 and 64 years, and 17.9% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 49% were men and 51% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

1.78%

Uninsured

63%

Employer Coverage

6.4%

Medicaid

12.8%

Medicare

15.6%

Non-Group

0.488%

Military or VA

Between 2023 and 2024, the percent of uninsured citizens in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA declined by 2.21% from 1.82% to 1.78%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.

Economy

The economy of Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA employs 43.2k people. In 2024, the largest industries in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA were Colleges, universities & professional schools, including junior colleges (6,646 people), Computer Systems Design (5,708 people), and General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (1,917 people), and the highest paying industries were Telecommunications, except wired telecommunications carriers ($454,093), Offices of dentists ($395,552), and Household appliances & electrical & electronic goods merchant wholesalers ($375,693).

Males in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA have an average income that is 1.46 times higher than the average income of females, which is $175,595. The income inequality in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA (measured using the Gini index) is 0.468, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

19,574

Women

45.4%

23,583

Men

54.6%

The workforce of Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA in 2024 was 43,157 people, with 45.4% woman, and 54.6% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

43.2k

2024 Value

−0.213%

1 Year decline

± −0.213%

From 2023 to 2024, employment in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA declined at a rate of −0.213%, from 43.2k employees to 43.2k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA, are Software developers (4,632 people), Other managers (2,618 people), and Postsecondary teachers (2,460 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for California.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in California (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

Industries

Employment by Industries

43.2k

2024 Value

−0.213%

1 Year decline

± −0.213%

From 2023 to 2024, employment in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA declined at a rate of −0.213%, from 43.2k employees to 43.2k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA, are Colleges, universities & professional schools, including junior colleges (6,646 people), Computer Systems Design (5,708 people), and General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (1,917 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA, though some of these residents may live in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$146,493

Median earning men ± $8,669

$86,160

Median earning women ± $7,344

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2024 are Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($250,001), Information ($250,001), and Manufacturing ($214,049).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2024 are Information ($241,583), Wholesale Trade ($182,757), and Manufacturing ($174,722).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for California.

Y-Axis

2.57%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 17.9M people employed in California. This represents a 2.57% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

Right after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during April 2020, a general dip can be seen across industry sectors, resulting in an overall decline in employment by 14%.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in California.

Civics

In the 2024 presidential election, the popular vote in California went to Kamala Harris with 58.5% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (38.3%), followed by Robert Kennedy (1.25%).

Alex Padilla and Adam Schiff are the senators currently representing the state of California. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

California is currently represented by 51 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA. Showing the available data for California.

2024 Election Results

Kamala Harris (58.5%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (38.3%)
Republican Party
Robert Kennedy (1.25%)
Independent Party

In the 2024 presidential election, the popular vote in California went to Kamala Harris with 58.5% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (38.3%), followed by Robert Kennedy (1.25%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in California for each registered party from 1976 to 2024.

Senator Elections

US Senators from California

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for California.

Alex Padilla

Senator from California

Assumed office on January 20, 2021
Appointed to the seat following the resignation of Kamala Harris, who had become Vice President of the United States.

Adam Schiff

Senator from California

Assumed office on December 8, 2024
Elected to the seat to succeed Laphonza Butler, who had been appointed to the seat following the death of Dianne Feinstein.

Alex Padilla and Adam Schiff are the senators currently representing California.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in California over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

Education

In 2024, universities in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA awarded 8,035 degrees. The student population of Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA in 2024 is skewed towards men, with 17,005 male students and 16,779 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA are White (2,304 and 36.4%), Asian (1,710 and 27%), Hispanic or Latino (1,332 and 21%), and Two or More Races (526 and 8.3%).

The largest universities in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA by number of degrees awarded are Stanford University (5,549 and 69.1%), Foothill College (1,901 and 23.7%), and Palo Alto University (355 and 4.42%).

The most popular majors in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA are Computer Science (884 and 11%), Management Science (534 and 6.65%), and Educational & Instructional Technology (295 and 3.67%).

The median tuition costs are $41,999 for private four year colleges, and $1,395 and $12,420 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

University

Measure

In 2024 in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA, the percentage of applicants admitted was 3.61%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 81.9%. The number of students enrolled in 2024 was 33,784 (50.3% men and 49.7% women).

The line chart shows the evolution of the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

Enrollments by Gender and Races

Universities

In 2024 there were 33,784 students enrolled in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA, 50.3% men and 49.7% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 8,190 records, of which 47.9% were women and 52.1% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Most Common

Management Science
511 degrees awarded
Computer Science
458 degrees awarded
General Civil Engineering
176 degrees awarded

In 2024, the most common concentation for Masters Degree recipients in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA was Management Science with 511 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Masters Degree from schools in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA according to their major.

Universities

Gender

Race

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Stanford University
5,549 degrees awarded
Foothill College
1,901 degrees awarded
Palo Alto University
355 degrees awarded

In 2024, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was Stanford University with 5,549 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

University

In 2024, 3,889 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA, which is 0.938 times less than the 4,146 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2024, the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 2,304 degrees mean that there were 1.35 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Asian, with 1,710 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Universities

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($41,999) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2024.

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($3,258) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2024.

Public, 4-year or above ($1,794) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2024, 0.446% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.902% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA in 2024 were Graduate Degree (35.1k), Bachelors Degree (21.7k), and Some college (10.3k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

People in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA have an average commute time of 20.7 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property

$19,524

Median Property Taxes

±$944

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

57.1%

Homeownership

2024

70.3%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2024

In 2024, 57.1% of the housing units in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 56.3%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$226,393

Median Household Income

± $13,231

34.2k

Number of Households

± 1,198

In 2024, the median household income of the 34.2k households in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA grew to $226,393 from the previous year's value of $210,275.

The following chart displays the households in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $200k+ range.

Wage Distribution

0.468

2024 Wage GINI in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA

0.465

2023 Wage GINI in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA

In 2024, the income inequality in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA was 0.468 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.646% growth from 2023 to 2024, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA was lower than than the national average of 0.474. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2024

Drove Alone (39.1%)
Worked At Home (33.6%)
Bicycle (11.4%)

In 2024, 39.1% of workers in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA drove alone to work, followed by those who worked at home (33.6%) and those who used a bicycle to get to work (11.4%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

20.7 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA have a shorter commute time (20.7 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.4 minutes). Additionally, 0.681% of the workforce in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA have 2 cars.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

6.73% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA (5.82k out of 86.4k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.5%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 75+, followed by Males 25 - 34 and then Males 18 - 24.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Santa Clara County (Northwest)--Palo Alto City & Los Altos Hills Town PUMA, CA is White, followed by Asian and Hispanic.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.