Santa Ana, CA

Census Place

Add Comparison

2020 Population

332,610

0.0553% 1-year decline

US Senator

Dianne Feinstein

Democratic Party

US Senator

Alex Padilla

Democratic Party

2020 Median Age

32.6

2.52% 1-year increase

2020 Poverty Rate

13.4%

14.2% 1-year decrease

2020 Median Household Income

$72,406

9.47% 1-year growth

2020 Median Property Value

$525,900

7.04% 1-year growth

2020 Employed Population

166,274

2.28% 1-year growth

About

In 2020, Santa Ana, CA had a population of 333k people with a median age of 32.6 and a median household income of $72,406. Between 2019 and 2020 the population of Santa Ana, CA declined from 332,794 to 332,610, a −0.0553% decrease and its median household income grew from $66,145 to $72,406, a 9.47% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Santa Ana, CA are Other (Hispanic) (44.6%), White (Hispanic) (25.7%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (12%), White (Non-Hispanic) (9.98%), and Two+ (Hispanic) (4.87%).

None of the households in Santa Ana, CA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

75.3% of the residents in Santa Ana, CA are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Santa Ana, CA are Santa Ana College (5,800 degrees awarded in 2020), Career Networks Institute (179 degrees), and InterCoast Colleges-Santa Ana (136 degrees).

In 2020, the median property value in Santa Ana, CA was $525,900, and the homeownership rate was 46.2%. Most people in Santa Ana, CA drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 25.7 minutes. The average car ownership in Santa Ana, CA was 2 cars per household.

About the photo: Old Orange County Courthouse, Santa Ana, CA

Photo by Jasperdo

United States California Orange County, CA Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA

Diversity

Santa Ana, CA is home to a population of 333k people, from which 75.3% are citizens. As of 2020, 42.7% of Santa Ana, CA residents were born outside of the country (142k people).

In 2020, there were 1.74 times more Other (Hispanic) residents (148k people) in Santa Ana, CA than any other race or ethnicity. There were 85.3k White (Hispanic) and 39.8k Asian (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Santa Ana, CA

Other (Hispanic)
148k ± 4.91k
White (Hispanic)
85.3k ± 4.55k
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
39.8k ± 2.27k

76%

Hispanic Population

253k people

76% of the people in Santa Ana, CA are hispanic (253k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Santa Ana, CA as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

42.7%

2020 Foreign-Born Population

142k people

43.3%

2019 Foreign-Born Population

144k people

As of 2020, 42.7% of Santa Ana, CA residents (142k people) were born outside of the United States, which is higher than the national average of 13.5%. In 2019, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Santa Ana, CA was 43.3%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Santa Ana, CA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.4

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 0.6

In 2020, the median age of all people in Santa Ana, CA was 32.6. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 22, were generally younger than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 47. But people in Santa Ana, CA are getting getting older. In 2019, the average age of all Santa Ana, CA residents was 32.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for California.

Most Common Origin

Mexico
4,008,868 ± 46,586 people
Philippines
829,356 ± 22,122 people
China
683,718 ± 20,124 people

In 2020, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of California was Mexico, the natal country of 4,008,868 California residents, followed by Philippines with 829,356 and China with 683,718.

Citizenship

75.3%

2020 Citizenship

73.8%

2019 Citizenship

As of 2020, 75.3% of Santa Ana, CA residents were US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93.4%. In 2019, the percentage of US citizens in Santa Ana, CA was 73.8%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Santa Ana, CA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Gulf War (2001-)
1,388 ± 288
Vietnam
1,232 ± 255
Gulf War (1990s)
544 ± 195

Santa Ana, CA has a large population of military personnel who served in Gulf War (2001-), 1.13 times greater than any other conflict.

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for California. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in California, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for California.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in California (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for California.

Y-Axis

8.45%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between May 2020 and May 2021

As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in California. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in California.

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Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for California.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of California across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Economy

Median household income in Santa Ana, CA is $72,406. In 2020, the place with the highest median household income in Santa Ana, CA was Census Tract 757.01 with a value of $128,728, followed by Census Tract 753.03 and Census Tract 891.07, with respective values of $123,654 and $117,853.

Males in California have an average income that is 1.26 times higher than the average income of females, which is $64,427. The income inequality in California (measured using the Gini index) is 0.498, which is higher than than the national average.

The economy of Santa Ana, CA employs 166k people. The largest industries in Santa Ana, CA are Manufacturing (23,668 people), Retail Trade (18,668 people), and Accommodation & Food Services (18,254 people), and the highest paying industries are Utilities ($80,264), Public Administration ($51,858), and Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($50,385).

Wages

Median Household Income

$72,406

2020 value

± $2,067

9.47%

1 Year Growth

± 3.79%

Households in Santa Ana, CA have a median annual income of $72,406, which is more than the median annual income of $64,994 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $66,145 in 2019, which represents a 9.47% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Santa Ana, CA compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Sex in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for California.

$81,373

Average Male Salary in California

± $777

$64,427

Average Female Salary in California

± $650

In 2020, full-time male employees in California made 1.26 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the sex-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in California by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for California.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in California

Asian
$76,893 ± $1,222
White
$68,605 ± $653
Two or More Races
$54,009 ± $1,392

In 2020 the highest paid race/ethnicity of California workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.12 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in California.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in California by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Santa Ana, CA is from California.

0.498

2020 Wage GINI in California

0.499

2019 Wage GINI in California

In 2020, the income inequality in California was 0.498 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.321% decline from 2019 to 2020, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for California was higher than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed less evenly in California in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in California across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 757.01
Census Tract 753.03
Census Tract 891.07

In 2020, the place with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Santa Ana, CA was Census Tract 757.01 with a value of $128,728, followed by Census Tract 753.03 and Census Tract 891.07, with respective values of $123,654 and $117,853.

The following map shows all of the places in Santa Ana, CA colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Sex

Females 35 - 44

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

13.4% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Santa Ana, CA (44k out of 327k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.8%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 35 - 44, followed by Males 6 - 11 and then Females 25 - 34.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

Hispanic
35,237 ± 1,488
Other
22,474 ± 1,199
White
13,903 ± 909

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Santa Ana, CA is Hispanic, followed by Other and White.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

166k

2020 Value

± 3,274

2.28%

1 Year growth

± 2.62%

From 2019 to 2020, employment in Santa Ana, CA grew at a rate of 2.28%, from 163k employees to 166k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Santa Ana, CA, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (19,313 people), Building & Grounds Cleaning & Maintenance Occupations (17,198 people), and Production Occupations (16,698 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Santa Ana, CA.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Santa Ana, CA, by number of employees, are Office & Administrative Support Occupations (19,313 people), Building & Grounds Cleaning & Maintenance Occupations (17,198 people), and Production Occupations (16,698 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Santa Ana, CA has an unusually high number of residents working as Building & Grounds Cleaning & Maintenance Occupations (2.81 times higher than expected), Production Occupations (1.8 times), and Farming, Fishing, & Forestry Occupations (1.79 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Santa Ana, CA, by median earnings, are Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners & Other Technical Occupations ($80,920), Law Enforcement Workers Including Supervisors ($78,933), and Architecture & Engineering Occupations ($78,715).

Industries

Employment by Industries

166k

2020 Value

± 3,274

2.28%

1 Year growth

± 2.62%

From 2019 to 2020, employment in Santa Ana, CA grew at a rate of 2.28%, from 163k employees to 166k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Santa Ana, CA, are Manufacturing (23,668 people), Retail Trade (18,668 people), and Accommodation & Food Services (18,254 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Santa Ana, CA, though some of these residents may live in Santa Ana, CA and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Santa Ana, CA, by number of employees, are Manufacturing (23,668 people), Retail Trade (18,668 people), and Accommodation & Food Services (18,254 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Santa Ana, CA has an unusually high number of Administrative & Support & Waste Management Services (2.29 times higher than expected), Accommodation & Food Services (1.52 times), and Manufacturing (1.42 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Santa Ana, CA, by median earnings, are Utilities ($80,264), Public Administration ($51,858), and Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($50,385).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from California to other states, or from other states to California.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2020, the top outbound California product (by dollars) was Electronics with $407B, followed by Pharmaceuticals ($158B) and Mixed freight ($149B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound California products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for California.

$2.26T

2020 Value in California

$4.61T

Projected 2050 Value in California

104% growth

In 2020, total outbound California trade was $2.26T. This is expected to increase 104% to $4.61T by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound California trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from California to other states, or from other states to California.

Most Common Trade Partners

Texas
$83.5B
Arizona
$44.4B
Ohio
$43.3B

In 2020, the top outbound California domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Texas with $83.5B, followed by Arizona with $44.4B and Ohio and $43.3B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that California shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in California went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 63.5% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (34.3%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.07%). The most partisan county was San Francisco County, CA with 85.3% of the vote going to Joseph R Biden Jr. running for the Democratic Party.

Dianne Feinstein and Alex Padilla are the senators currently representing the state of California. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

California is currently represented by 53 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Santa Ana, CA. Showing the available data for California.

2020 Election Results

Joseph R Biden Jr. (63.5%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (34.3%)
Republican Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.07%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in California went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 63.5% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (34.3%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.07%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in California for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of California.

Joseph R Biden Jr.

Popular Vote for California

63.5% for the Democratic Party

Most Partisan Counties in California

San Francisco County, CA
85.3% for Joseph R Biden Jr. (Democratic Party)
Marin County, CA
82.3% for Joseph R Biden Jr. (Democratic Party)
Alameda County, CA
80.2% for Joseph R Biden Jr. (Democratic Party)

In the 2020 presidential election, the most partisan county in California was San Francisco County, CA with 85.3% of the vote going to Joseph R Biden Jr. running for the Democratic Party.

The following map shows the counties in California colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from California

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for California.

Dianne Feinstein

Senator from California

Assumed office on November 10, 1992
Elected to the seat to succeed John Seymour (California politician)|John Seymour, who had been appointed to the seat after Pete Wilson was elected Governor of California.

Alex Padilla

Senator from California

Assumed office on January 20, 2021
Appointed to the seat following the resignation of Kamala Harris, who had become Vice President of the United States.

Dianne Feinstein and Alex Padilla are the senators currently representing California.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in California over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from California

California is currently represented by 53 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for California have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2020, universities in Santa Ana, CA awarded 6,405 degrees. The student population of Santa Ana, CA is skewed towards men, with 10,720 male students and 10,464 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Santa Ana, CA are Hispanic or Latino (4,148 and 66.7%), followed by Asian (858 and 13.8%), White (711 and 11.4%), and Unknown (212 and 3.41%).

The largest universities in Santa Ana, CA by number of degrees awarded are Santa Ana College (5,800 and 90.6%), Career Networks Institute (179 and 2.79%), and InterCoast Colleges-Santa Ana (136 and 2.12%).

The most popular majors in Santa Ana, CA are Liberal Arts & Sciences (1,524 and 23.8%), Humanistic Studies (829 and 12.9%), and Fire Prevention & Safety Technology (487 and 7.6%).

The median tuition cost in Santa Ana, CA for a public four year colleges is $1,104 for in-state students and $8,904 for out-of-state students.

Concentrations

Most Common

Liberal Arts & Sciences
237 degree-majorss awarded
Humanistic Studies
829 degree-majorss awarded
General Business Administration & Management
253 degree-majorss awarded

In 2020, the most common concentation for Associates Degree recipients in Santa Ana, CA was Liberal Arts & Sciences with 237 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Associates Degree from schools in Santa Ana, CA according to their major.

Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Santa Ana College
5,800 degrees awarded
Career Networks Institute
179 degrees awarded
InterCoast Colleges-Santa Ana
136 degrees awarded

$1,104

Median In-State Public

In 2020, the Santa Ana, CA institution with the largest number of graduating students was Santa Ana College with 5,800 degrees awarded.

Student Sex for Common Institutions

2,737

Degrees Awarded to Men

3,668

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2020, 2,737 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Santa Ana, CA, which is 0.746 times less than the 3,668 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the sex disparity between the institutions in Santa Ana, CA by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

Hispanic or Latino
4,148 degrees awarded
Asian
858 degrees awarded
White
711 degrees awarded

In 2020 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions in Santa Ana, CA was Hispanic or Latino students. These 4,148 degrees mean that there were 4.83 times more degrees awarded to Hispanic or Latino students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Asian, with 858 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Santa Ana, CA was $525,900 in 2020, which is 2.29 times larger than the national average of $229,800. Between 2019 and 2020 the median property value increased from $491,300 to $525,900, a 7.04% increase. The homeownership rate in Santa Ana, CA is 46.2%, which is lower than the national average of 64.4%. People in Santa Ana, CA have an average commute time of 25.7 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Santa Ana, CA is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$525,900

2020 Median

± $8,248

$491,300

2019 Median

± $7,171

In 2020, the median property value in Santa Ana, CA grew to to $525,900 from the previous year's value of $491,300.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Santa Ana, CA compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Santa Ana, CA the largest share of households have a property value in the $500k - $750k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$72,406

Median Household Income

± $2,067

79.1k

Number of Households

± 2,127

In 2020, the median household income of the 79.1k households in Santa Ana, CA grew to $72,406 from the previous year's value of $66,145.

The following chart displays the households in Santa Ana, CA distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Property Taxes

$3k+

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Santa Ana, CA distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Santa Ana, CA the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

Rent vs Own

46.2%

2020 Homeownership

46.1%

2019 Homeownership

In 2020, 46.2% of the housing units in Santa Ana, CA were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 46.1%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is lower than the national average of 64.4%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Santa Ana, CA compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

25.7 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Santa Ana, CA have a shorter commute time (25.7 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.9 minutes). Additionally, 2.2% of the workforce in Santa Ana, CA have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Santa Ana, CA compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2020

Drove Alone (72.8%)
Carpooled (13.9%)
Worked At Home (5.01%)

In 2020, 72.8% of workers in Santa Ana, CA drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (13.9%) and those who worked at home (5.01%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Santa Ana, CA distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Santa Ana, CA have 2 cars, followed by false.

Health

85.3% of the population of Santa Ana, CA has health coverage, with 36.4% on employee plans, 34.8% on Medicaid, 6.14% on Medicare, 7.65% on non-group plans, and 0.349% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in California was $7,549 in 2014. This is a 4.04% increase from the previous year ($7,256).

Primary care physicians in Orange County, CA see 1012 patients per year on average, which represents a 1.46% decrease from the previous year (1027 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 870 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 344 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Amador County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (17%). Additionally, Colusa County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (39%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the country level. Showing data for Orange County, CA.

1,012 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Orange County, CA

Primary care physicians in Orange County, CA see an average of 1,012 patients per year. This represents a 1.46% decrease from the previous year (1,027 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Orange County, CA in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for California.

$7,549

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in California

$4,735

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$5,368

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$11,833

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in California (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 4.04%, from $7,256 to $7,549.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

14.7%

Uninsured

36.4%

Employer Coverage

34.8%

Medicaid

6.14%

Medicare

7.65%

Non-Group

0.349%

Military or VA

Between 2019 and 2020, the percent of uninsured citizens in Santa Ana, CA declined by 6.46% from 15.7% to 14.7%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Santa Ana, CA changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.