Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

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2021 Population

150,956

0.0913% 1-year decline

US Senator

Josh Hawley

Republican Party

US Senator

Eric Schmitt

Republican Party

2021 Median Age

39.2

0.513% 1-year increase

2021 Poverty Rate

9.73%

1.55% 1-year increase

2021 Median Household Income

$64,135

5.86% 1-year growth

2021 Median Property Value

$168,100

3.7% 1-year growth

2021 Employed Population

67,764

0.28% 1-year growth

About

In 2021, Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO had a population of 151k people with a median age of 39.2 and a median household income of $64,135. Between 2020 and 2021 the population of Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO declined from 151,094 to 150,956, a −0.0913% decrease and its median household income grew from $60,586 to $64,135, a 5.86% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO are White (Non-Hispanic) (85.5%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (7.56%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (2.32%), White (Hispanic) (2.02%), and Asian (Non-Hispanic) (0.989%).

3.42% of the households in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

99.2% of the residents in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO are State Technical College of Missouri (736 degrees awarded in 2021), William Woods University (670 degrees), and Lincoln University (177940) (312 degrees).

In 2021, the median property value in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO was $168,100, and the homeownership rate was 72.3%.

Most people in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 21.1 minutes. The average car ownership in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO was 2 cars per household.

Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO borders Lincoln, Warren, Audrain, Pike & Montgomery Counties PUMA, MO, Boone County PUMA, MO, Pettis, Randolph, Saline, Cooper, Howard, Carroll & Chariton Counties PUMA, MO, Pulaski, Camden, Miller & Morgan Counties PUMA, MO, and Phelps, Crawford, Dent, Gasconade & Maries Counties PUMA, MO.

United States Missouri

Population & Diversity

Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO is home to a population of 151k people, from which 99.2% are citizens. As of 2021, 1.93% of Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO residents were born outside of the country (2.91k people).

In 2021, there were 11.3 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (129k people) in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO than any other race or ethnicity. There were 11.4k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 3.51k Two+ (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO are Spanish (1,997 households), Yiddish, Pennsylvania Dutch or Other West Germanic Languages (692 households), and Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) (344 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

73,816

Women

49%

76,941

Men

51%

The resident population of United States in 2021 was 150,757 inhabitants, with 51% men, and 49% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in the United States.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

99.2%

2021 Citizenship

99%

2020 Citizenship

As of 2021, 99.2% of Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2020, the percentage of US citizens in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO was 99%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO

White (Non-Hispanic)
129k ± 404
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
11.4k ± 402
Two+ (Non-Hispanic)
3.51k ± 470

2.77%

Hispanic Population

4.18k people

2.77% of the people in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO are hispanic (4.18k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

Ghana
594 ± 597 people
Mexico
536 ± 567 people
India
445 ± 517 people

In 2021, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO was Ghana, the natal country of 594 Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO residents, followed by Mexico with 536 and India with 445.

Foreign-Born Population

1.93%

2021 Foreign-Born Population

2.91k people

2.21%

2020 Foreign-Born Population

3.34k people

As of 2021, 1.93% of Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO residents (2.91k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.6%. In 2020, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO was 2.21%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
1,997 households (1.4%)
Yiddish, Pennsylvania Dutch or Other West Germanic Languages
692 households (0.486%)
Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)
344 households (0.242%)

3.42% of the households in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 21.7%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2021, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO was Spanish. 1.4% of the households in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
3,676 ± 360
Gulf War (2001-)
1,947 ± 361
Gulf War (1990s)
1,352 ± 264

Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.89 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO employs 67.8k people. The largest industries in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO are Construction (4,733 people), Elementary & secondary schools (4,714 people), and General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (3,031 people), and the highest paying industries are Military Reserves or National Guard ($126,670), Management, scientific & technical consulting services ($106,105), and Offices of dentists ($96,373).

Males in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO have an average income that is 1.26 times higher than the average income of females, which is $45,221. The income inequality in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO (measured using the Gini index) is 0.394, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

33,845

Women

50.1%

33,730

Men

49.9%

The workforce of Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO in 2020 was 67,575 people, with 50.1% woman, and 49.9% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

67.8k

2021 Value

0.28%

1 Year growth

± 0.28%

From 2020 to 2021, employment in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO grew at a rate of 0.28%, from 67.6k employees to 67.8k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO, are Other managers (2,008 people), Elementary & middle school teachers (1,890 people), and Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand (1,695 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Missouri (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Industries

Employment by Industries

67.8k

2021 Value

0.28%

1 Year growth

± 0.28%

From 2020 to 2021, employment in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO grew at a rate of 0.28%, from 67.6k employees to 67.8k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO, are Construction (4,733 people), Elementary & secondary schools (4,714 people), and General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (3,031 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO, though some of these residents may live in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$44,189

Median earning men ± $1,149

$33,346

Median earning women ± $1,048

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2021 are Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($61,500), Transportation & Warehousing, & Utilities ($56,071), and Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining ($53,636).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2021 are Transportation & Warehousing, & Utilities ($45,733), Wholesale Trade ($41,761), and Professional, Scientific, & Management, & Administrative & Waste Management Services ($41,455).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

Y-Axis

2.75%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 155M people employed in Missouri. This represents a 2.75% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Missouri.

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Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Missouri went to Donald J. Trump with 56.8% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (41.4%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.36%).

Josh Hawley and Eric Schmitt are the senators currently representing the state of Missouri. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Missouri is currently represented by 8 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO. Showing the available data for Missouri.

2020 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (56.8%)
Republican Party
Joseph R Biden Jr. (41.4%)
Democratic Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.36%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Missouri went to Donald J. Trump with 56.8% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (41.4%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.36%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Missouri for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Senator Elections

US Senators from Missouri

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Missouri.

Josh Hawley

Senator from Missouri

Assumed office on January 3, 2019

Eric Schmitt

Senator from Missouri

Assumed office on January 3, 2023

Josh Hawley and Eric Schmitt are the senators currently representing Missouri.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Missouri over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representative Elections

US Representatives from Missouri

Missouri is currently represented by 8 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Missouri have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2021, universities in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO awarded 1,925 degrees. The student population of Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO in 2021 is skewed towards men, with 3,263 male students and 2,845 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO are White (1,560 and 82.6%), followed by Black or African American (165 and 8.73%), Unknown (52 and 2.75%), and Hispanic or Latino (44 and 2.33%).

The largest universities in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO by number of degrees awarded are State Technical College of Missouri (736 and 38.2%), William Woods University (670 and 34.8%), and Lincoln University (177940) (312 and 16.2%).

The most popular majors in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO are General Educational Leadership & Administration (201 and 10.4%), General Business Administration & Management (158 and 8.21%), and Superintendency & Educational System Administration (85 and 4.42%).

The median tuition costs in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO are $27,570 for private four year colleges, and $6,720 and $13,710 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

University

Measure

In 2021 in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO, the percentage of applicants admitted was 83.8%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 12.8%. The number of students enrolled in 2021 was 6,108 (53.4% men and 46.6% women).

The line chart shows the evolution of the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

Enrollments by Gender and Races

Universities

In 2021 there were 6,108 students enrolled in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO, 53.4% men and 46.6% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 4,357 records, of which 44.1% were women and 55.9% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Most Common

Heavy Equipment Maintenance Technology
43 degree-majors awarded
Electrician
53 degree-majors awarded
Electrical, Electronic, & Communications Engineering Technology
44 degree-majors awarded

In 2021, the most common concentation for Associates Degree recipients in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO was Heavy Equipment Maintenance Technology with 43 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Associates Degree from schools in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO according to their major.

Universities

Gender

Race

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

State Technical College of Missouri
736 degrees awarded
William Woods University
670 degrees awarded
Lincoln University (177940)
312 degrees awarded

In 2021, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was State Technical College of Missouri with 736 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

University

In 2021, 993 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO, which is 1.07 times more than the 932 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2021 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 1,560 degrees mean that there were 9.45 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 165 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Universities

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($27,570) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2021.

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($1,857) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2021.

Public, 4-year or above ($2,000) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2021, 0.303% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.302% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO in 2021 were High School or Equivalent (39.7k), Some college (25.5k), and Bachelors Degree (20.9k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO was $168,100 in 2021, which is 0.686 times smaller than the national average of $244,900. Between 2020 and 2021 the median property value increased from $162,100 to $168,100, a 3.7% increase. The homeownership rate in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO is 72.3%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 64.6%.

People in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO have an average commute time of 21.1 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Median household income in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO is $64,135. In 2021, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO was St. Louis County (Central) PUMA, MO with a value of $106,593, followed by St. Charles County (South) PUMA, MO and St. Louis County (Central West) PUMA, MO, with respective values of $103,348 and $103,124.

Housing

Property

$168,100

Median Property Value 2021

±$3,264

$40,752

Median Property Taxes

±$1,293

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO the largest share of households pay taxes in the $800 - $1,499 range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

72.3%

Homeownership

2021

66.8%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2021

In 2021, 72.3% of the housing units in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 71.7%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2021, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO was St. Louis County (Central) PUMA, MO with a value of $106,593, followed by St. Charles County (South) PUMA, MO and St. Louis County (Central West) PUMA, MO, with respective values of $103,348 and $103,124.

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$64,135

Median Household Income

± $1,231

56.4k

Number of Households

± 1,682

In 2021, the median household income of the 56.4k households in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO grew to $64,135 from the previous year's value of $60,586.

The following chart displays the households in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Wage Distribution

0.394

2021 Wage GINI in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO

0.384

2020 Wage GINI in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO

In 2021, the income inequality in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO was 0.394 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 2.64% growth from 2020 to 2021, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2021

Drove Alone (81.8%)
Carpooled (9.29%)
Worked At Home (5.63%)

In 2021, 81.8% of workers in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (9.29%) and those who worked at home (5.63%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

21.1 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO have a shorter commute time (21.1 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.8 minutes). Additionally, 1.91% of the workforce in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO have 2 cars.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

9.73% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO (13.7k out of 141k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.6%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 55 - 64 and then Males 6 - 11.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO is White, followed by Black and Two Or More.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Health

91.4% of the population of Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO has health coverage, with 54.9% on employee plans, 9.61% on Medicaid, 13.1% on Medicare, 11.9% on non-group plans, and 1.86% on military or VA plans.

Coverage

Health Care Diversity

In 2021, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 24.9% under 18 years, 19.9% between 18 and 34 years, 38.5% between 35 and 64 years, and 16.7% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 47.9% were men and 52.1% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

8.65%

Uninsured

54.9%

Employer Coverage

9.61%

Medicaid

13.1%

Medicare

11.9%

Non-Group

1.86%

Military or VA

Between 2020 and 2021, the percent of uninsured citizens in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO grew by 3.53% from 8.35% to 8.65%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Cole, Callaway, Moniteau & Osage Counties PUMA, MO changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.