Baltimore, MD

Census Place

Add Comparison

2019 Population

593,490

1.49% 1-year decline

US Senator

Ben Cardin

Democratic Party

US Senator

Chris Van Hollen

Democratic Party

2019 Median Age

35.9

1.13% 1-year increase

2019 Poverty Rate

21.2%

2.57% 1-year decrease

2019 Median Household Income

$50,177

1.61% 1-year decline

2019 Median Property Value

$179,100

6.73% 1-year growth

2019 Employed Population

280,352

1.99% 1-year decline

About

In 2019, Baltimore, MD had a population of 593k people with a median age of 35.9 and a median household income of $50,177. Between 2018 and 2019 the population of Baltimore, MD declined from 602,495 to 593,490, a −1.49% decrease and its median household income declined from $51,000 to $50,177, a −1.61% decrease.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Baltimore, MD are Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (61.8%), White (Non-Hispanic) (27.4%), White (Hispanic) (2.94%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (2.65%), and Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (1.68%). 0% of the households in Baltimore, MD speak a non-English language at home as their primary language, and 95.9% of the residents in Baltimore, MD are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Baltimore, MD are Johns Hopkins University (10,006 degrees awarded in 2019), University of Maryland, Baltimore (2,375 degrees), and Loyola University Maryland (1,749 degrees).

In 2019, the median property value in Baltimore, MD was $179,100, and the homeownership rate was 47.6%. Most people in Baltimore, MD drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 30 minutes. The average car ownership in Baltimore, MD was 2 cars per household.

Photo by Patrick Gillespie

United States Maryland Baltimore city, MD Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for Maryland. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in Maryland, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Maryland.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Maryland (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Maryland.

Start Year

Y-Axis

8.45%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between May 2020 and May 2021

As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in Maryland. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Maryland.

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Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Maryland.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of Maryland across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Diversity

Baltimore, MD is home to a population of 593k people, from which 95.9% are citizens. As of 2019, 18.8% of Baltimore, MD residents were born outside of the country (111k people).

In 2019, there were 2.26 times more Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) residents (367k people) in Baltimore, MD than any other race or ethnicity. There were 163k White (Non-Hispanic) and 17.5k White (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Baltimore, MD

Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
367k ± 1.84k
White (Non-Hispanic)
163k ± 1.25k
White (Hispanic)
17.5k ± 3.26k

5.67%

Hispanic Population

33.7k people

5.67% of the people in Baltimore, MD are hispanic (33.7k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Baltimore, MD as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

18.8%

2019 Foreign-Born Population

111k people

8.27%

2018 Foreign-Born Population

49.8k people

As of 2019, 18.8% of Baltimore, MD residents (111k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 34%. In 2018, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Baltimore, MD was 8.27%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Baltimore, MD compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.3

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 0.9

In 2019, the median age of all people in Baltimore, MD was 35.9. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 35, were generally younger than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 39. But people in Baltimore, MD are getting getting older. In 2018, the average age of all Baltimore, MD residents was 36.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for Maryland.

Most Common Origin

El Salvador
119,690 ± 8,409 people
India
67,289 ± 6,333 people
Guatemala
43,589 ± 5,107 people

In 2019, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Maryland was El Salvador, the natal country of 119,690 Maryland residents, followed by India with 67,289 and Guatemala with 43,589.

Citizenship

95.9%

2019 Citizenship

95.5%

2018 Citizenship

As of 2019, 95.9% of Baltimore, MD residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2018, the percentage of US citizens in Baltimore, MD was 95.5%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Baltimore, MD compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
9,158 ± 1,435
Gulf War (2001-)
5,787 ± 1,323
Gulf War (1990s)
3,338 ± 918

Baltimore, MD has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.58 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

Median household income in Baltimore, MD is $50,177. In 2019, the place with the highest Median Household Income in Baltimore, MD was Census Tract 2711.02 with a value of $195,156, followed by Census Tract 2712 and Census Tract 2713, with respective values of $165,443 and $154,313.

Males in Maryland have an average income that is 1.23 times higher than the average income of females, which is $67,109. The income inequality in Maryland (measured using the Gini index) is 0.459, which is lower than than the national average.

The economy of Baltimore, MD employs 280k people. The largest industries in Baltimore, MD are Health Care & Social Assistance (56,420 people), Educational Services (35,873 people), and Retail Trade (25,238 people), and the highest paying industries are Utilities ($78,828), Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($73,464), and Public Administration ($65,142).

Wages

Median Household Income

$50,177

2019 value

± $2,120

−1.61%

1 Year Growth

± 5.27%

Households in Baltimore, MD have a median annual income of $50,177, which is less than the median annual income of $65,712 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $51,000 in 2018, which represents a −1.61% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Baltimore, MD compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Gender in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for Maryland.

$82,507

Average Male Salary in Maryland

± $1,722

$67,109

Average Female Salary in Maryland

± $1,315

In 2019, full-time male employees in Maryland made 1.23 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Maryland by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the Place level, so we are showing data for Maryland.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in Maryland

Asian
$77,471 ± $4,418
White
$72,989 ± $1,494
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
$68,482 ± $39,305

In 2019 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Maryland workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.06 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in Maryland.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Maryland by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Baltimore, MD is from Maryland.

0.459

2019 Wage GINI in Maryland

0.461

2018 Wage GINI in Maryland

In 2019, the income inequality in Maryland was 0.459 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.518% decline from 2018 to 2019, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Maryland was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Maryland in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Maryland across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 2711.02
Census Tract 2712
Census Tract 2713

In 2019, the place with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Baltimore, MD was Census Tract 2711.02 with a value of $195,156, followed by Census Tract 2712 and Census Tract 2713, with respective values of $165,443 and $154,313.

The following map shows all of the places in Baltimore, MD colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Gender

Females 25 - 34

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

21.2% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Baltimore, MD (124k out of 587k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.3%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 55 - 64 and then Females 45 - 54.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

Black
94,057 ± 2,269
White
22,192 ± 1,024
Hispanic
7,071 ± 688

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Baltimore, MD is Black, followed by White and Hispanic.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

280k

2019 Value

± 10,068

−1.99%

1 Year decline

± 4.96%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Baltimore, MD declined at a rate of −1.99%, from 286k employees to 280k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Baltimore, MD, are Management Occupations (30,016 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (25,560 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (24,497 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Baltimore, MD.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Baltimore, MD, by number of employees, are Management Occupations (30,016 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (25,560 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (24,497 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Baltimore, MD has an unusually high number of residents working as Life, Physical, & Social Science Occupations (2.04 times higher than expected), Legal Occupations (1.71 times), and Community & Social Service Occupations (1.52 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Baltimore, MD, by median earnings, are Legal Occupations ($75,240), Management Occupations ($74,505), and Architecture & Engineering Occupations ($73,665).

Industries

Employment by Industries

280k

2019 Value

± 10,068

−1.99%

1 Year decline

± 4.96%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Baltimore, MD declined at a rate of −1.99%, from 286k employees to 280k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Baltimore, MD, are Health Care & Social Assistance (56,420 people), Educational Services (35,873 people), and Retail Trade (25,238 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Baltimore, MD, though some of these residents may live in Baltimore, MD and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Baltimore, MD, by number of employees, are Health Care & Social Assistance (56,420 people), Educational Services (35,873 people), and Retail Trade (25,238 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other places, Baltimore, MD has an unusually high number of Public Administration (1.56 times higher than expected), Health Care & Social Assistance (1.44 times), and Real Estate & Rental & Leasing (1.41 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Baltimore, MD, by median earnings, are Utilities ($78,828), Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($73,464), and Public Administration ($65,142).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Maryland to other states, or from other states to Maryland.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2018, the top outbound Maryland product (by dollars) was Textiles/leather with $25.4B, followed by Mixed freight ($20.9B) and Motorized vehicles ($20.6B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Maryland products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Maryland.

$231B

2018 Value in Maryland

$419B

Projected 2045 Value in Maryland

81.8% growth

In 2018, total outbound Maryland trade was $231B. This is expected to increase 81.8% to $419B by 2045.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Maryland trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Maryland to other states, or from other states to Maryland.

Most Common Trade Partners

Virginia
$24B
Pennsylvania
$23.6B
New York
$9.87B

In 2018, the top outbound Maryland domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Virginia with $24B, followed by Pennsylvania with $23.6B and New York and $9.87B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Maryland shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Baltimore city, MD went to Hillary Rodham Clinton with 84.7% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (10.5%), followed by Other (4.81%). The most partisan county was Prince George's County, MD with 88.1% of the vote going to Hillary Rodham Clinton running for the Democratic Party.

Ben Cardin and Chris Van Hollen are the senators currently representing the state of Maryland. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Maryland is currently represented by 8 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Baltimore, MD. Showing the available data for Baltimore city, MD.

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

2016 Election Results

Hillary Rodham Clinton (84.7%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (10.5%)
Republican Party
Other (4.81%)
Other Party

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Maryland went to Hillary Rodham Clinton with 84.7% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (10.5%), followed by Other (4.81%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Maryland for each registered party from 1976 to 2016.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of Maryland.

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

Hillary Rodham Clinton

Popular Vote for Baltimore city, MD

84.7% for the Democratic Party

Most Partisan Counties in Maryland

Prince George's County, MD
88.1% for Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democratic Party)
Baltimore city, MD
84.7% for Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democratic Party)
Garrett County, MD
76.9% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)

In the 2016 presidential election, the most partisan county in Maryland was Prince George's County, MD with 88.1% of the vote going to Hillary Rodham Clinton running for the Democratic Party.

The following map shows the counties in Maryland colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from Maryland

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Maryland.

Ben Cardin

Senator from Maryland

Assumed office on January 3, 2007

Chris Van Hollen

Senator from Maryland

Assumed office on January 3, 2017

Ben Cardin and Chris Van Hollen are the senators currently representing Maryland.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Maryland over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from Maryland

Maryland is currently represented by 8 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Maryland have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2019, universities in Baltimore, MD awarded 19,720 degrees. The student population of Baltimore, MD is skewed towards women, with 24,889 male students and 39,665 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Baltimore, MD are White (7,895 and 48.4%), followed by Black or African American (4,046 and 24.8%), Asian (1,897 and 11.6%), and Hispanic or Latino (1,173 and 7.19%).

The largest universities in Baltimore, MD by number of degrees awarded are Johns Hopkins University (10,006 and 50.7%), University of Maryland, Baltimore (2,375 and 12%), and Loyola University Maryland (1,749 and 8.87%).

The most popular majors in Baltimore, MD are Registered Nursing (1,038 and 5.26%), General Education (787 and 3.99%), and General Business Administration & Management (772 and 3.91%).

The median tuition costs in Baltimore, MD are $42,755 for private four year colleges, and $6,246 and $17,662 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Concentrations

Most Common

Social Work
537 degree-majorss awarded
General Education
727 degree-majorss awarded
International Relations & Affairs
569 degree-majorss awarded

In 2018, the most common concentation for Masters Degree recipients in Baltimore, MD was Social Work with 537 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Masters Degree from schools in Baltimore, MD according to their major.

Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Johns Hopkins University
10,006 degrees awarded
University of Maryland, Baltimore
2,375 degrees awarded
Loyola University Maryland
1,749 degrees awarded

$6,246

Median In-State Public

$42,755

Median Private

In 2019, the Baltimore, MD institution with the largest number of graduating students was Johns Hopkins University with 10,006 degrees awarded.

Student Gender for Common Institutions

7,596

Degrees Awarded to Men

12,124

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2019, 7,596 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Baltimore, MD, which is 0.627 times less than the 12,124 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the gender disparity between the top 5 institutions in Baltimore, MD by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
7,895 degrees awarded
Black or African American
4,046 degrees awarded
Asian
1,897 degrees awarded

In 2019 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions in Baltimore, MD was White students. These 7,895 degrees mean that there were 1.95 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 4,046 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Baltimore, MD was $179,100 in 2019, which is 0.745 times smaller than the national average of $240,500. Between 2018 and 2019 the median property value increased from $167,800 to $179,100, a 6.73% increase. The homeownership rate in Baltimore, MD is 47.6%, which is lower than the national average of 64.1%. People in Baltimore, MD have an average commute time of 30 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Baltimore, MD is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$179,100

2019 Median

± $6,268

$167,800

2018 Median

± $4,675

In 2019, the median property value in Baltimore, MD grew to to $179,100 from the previous year's value of $167,800.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Baltimore, MD compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Baltimore, MD the largest share of households have a property value in the $250k - $300k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$50,177

Median Household Income

± $2,120

243k

Number of Households

± 8,705

In 2019, the median household income of the 243k households in Baltimore, MD declined from $50,177 from the previous year's value of $51,000.

The following chart displays the households in Baltimore, MD distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the < $10k range.

Property Taxes

$3k+

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Baltimore, MD distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Baltimore, MD the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

Rent vs Own

47.6%

2019 Homeownership

47.5%

2018 Homeownership

In 2019, 47.6% of the housing units in Baltimore, MD were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 47.5%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is lower than the national average of 64.1%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Baltimore, MD compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

30 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Baltimore, MD have a longer commute time (30 minutes) than the normal US worker (26 minutes). Additionally, 4.68% of the workforce in Baltimore, MD have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Baltimore, MD compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2019

Drove Alone (61.5%)
Public Transit (15.4%)
Carpooled (9.1%)

In 2019, 61.5% of workers in Baltimore, MD drove alone to work, followed by those who used public transit to get to work (15.4%) and those who carpooled to work (9.1%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Baltimore, MD distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Baltimore, MD have 2 cars, followed by 1 car.

Health

94.2% of the population of Baltimore, MD has health coverage, with 41% on employee plans, 29.6% on Medicaid, 11.8% on Medicare, 10.8% on non-group plans, and 0.967% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in Maryland was $8,602 in 2014. This is a 4.27% increase from the previous year ($8,250).

Primary care physicians in Baltimore city, MD see 958 patients per year on average, which represents a 7.08% decrease from the previous year (1031 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1296 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 202 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Dorchester County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (18.9%). Additionally, Somerset County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (41.9%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the country level. Showing data for Baltimore city, MD.

958 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Baltimore city, MD

Primary care physicians in Baltimore city, MD see an average of 958 patients per year. This represents a 7.08% decrease from the previous year (1,031 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Baltimore city, MD in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Maryland.

$8,602

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in Maryland

$4,343

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$7,677

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$12,000

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Maryland (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 4.27%, from $8,250 to $8,602.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

5.81%

Uninsured

41%

Employer Coverage

29.6%

Medicaid

11.8%

Medicare

10.8%

Non-Group

0.967%

Military or VA

Between 2018 and 2019, the percent of uninsured citizens in Baltimore, MD declined by 5.99% from 6.18% to 5.81%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Baltimore, MD changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.