Baltimore city, MD

County

Add Comparison

2019 Population

593,490

1.49% 1-year decline

US Senator

Ben Cardin

Democratic Party

US Senator

Chris Van Hollen

Democratic Party

2019 Median Age

35.9

1.13% 1-year increase

2019 Poverty Rate

21.2%

2.57% 1-year decrease

2019 Median Household Income

$50,177

1.61% 1-year decline

2019 Median Property Value

$179,100

6.73% 1-year growth

2019 Employed Population

280,352

1.99% 1-year decline

About

In 2019, Baltimore city, MD had a population of 593k people with a median age of 35.9 and a median household income of $50,177. Between 2018 and 2019 the population of Baltimore city, MD declined from 602,495 to 593,490, a −1.49% decrease and its median household income declined from $51,000 to $50,177, a −1.61% decrease.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Baltimore city, MD are Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (61.8%), White (Non-Hispanic) (27.4%), White (Hispanic) (2.94%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (2.65%), and Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (1.68%). 0% of the households in Baltimore city, MD speak a non-English language at home as their primary language.

95.9% of the residents in Baltimore city, MD are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Baltimore city, MD are Johns Hopkins University (10,092 degrees awarded in 2020), University of Maryland, Baltimore (2,405 degrees), and Loyola University Maryland (1,700 degrees).

In 2019, the median property value in Baltimore city, MD was $179,100, and the homeownership rate was 47.6%. Most people in Baltimore city, MD drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 30 minutes. The average car ownership in Baltimore city, MD was 2 cars per household.

Baltimore city, MD borders Anne Arundel County, MD and Baltimore County, MD.

Photo by Intiaz Rahim

United States Maryland Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD

Diversity

Baltimore city, MD is home to a population of 593k people, from which 95.9% are citizens. As of 2019, 8.36% of Baltimore city, MD residents were born outside of the country (49.6k people).

In 2019, there were 2.26 times more Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) residents (367k people) in Baltimore city, MD than any other race or ethnicity. There were 163k White (Non-Hispanic) and 17.5k White (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Baltimore city, MD

Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
367k ± 1.84k
White (Non-Hispanic)
163k ± 1.25k
White (Hispanic)
17.5k ± 3.26k

5.67%

Hispanic Population

33.7k people

5.67% of the people in Baltimore city, MD are hispanic (33.7k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Baltimore city, MD as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

8.36%

2019 Foreign-Born Population

49.6k people

8.27%

2018 Foreign-Born Population

49.8k people

As of 2019, 8.36% of Baltimore city, MD residents (49.6k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.7%. In 2018, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Baltimore city, MD was 8.27%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Baltimore city, MD compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.3

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 0.9

In 2019, the median age of all people in Baltimore city, MD was 35.9. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 35, were generally younger than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 39. But people in Baltimore city, MD are getting getting older. In 2018, the average age of all Baltimore city, MD residents was 36.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Maryland.

Most Common Origin

El Salvador
119,690 ± 8,409 people
India
67,289 ± 6,333 people
Guatemala
43,589 ± 5,107 people

In 2019, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Maryland was El Salvador, the natal country of 119,690 Maryland residents, followed by India with 67,289 and Guatemala with 43,589.

Citizenship

95.9%

2019 Citizenship

95.5%

2018 Citizenship

As of 2019, 95.9% of Baltimore city, MD residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2018, the percentage of US citizens in Baltimore city, MD was 95.5%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Baltimore city, MD compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
9,158 ± 1,435
Gulf War (2001-)
5,787 ± 1,323
Gulf War (1990s)
3,338 ± 918

Baltimore city, MD has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.58 times greater than any other conflict.

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for Maryland. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in Maryland, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

View Full Dashboard

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Maryland.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Maryland (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

View Full Dashboard

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Maryland.

Y-Axis

8.45%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between May 2020 and May 2021

As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in Maryland. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Maryland.

View Full Dashboard

Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Maryland.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of Maryland across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

View Full Dashboard

Economy

Median household income in Baltimore city, MD is $50,177. In 2019, the tract with the highest Median Household Income in Baltimore city, MD was Census Tract 2711.02 with a value of $195,156, followed by Census Tract 2712 and Census Tract 2713, with respective values of $165,443 and $154,313.

Males in Maryland have an average income that is 1.23 times higher than the average income of females, which is $67,109. The income inequality in Maryland (measured using the Gini index) is 0.459, which is lower than than the national average.

The economy of Baltimore city, MD employs 280k people. The largest industries in Baltimore city, MD are Health Care & Social Assistance (56,420 people), Educational Services (35,873 people), and Retail Trade (25,238 people), and the highest paying industries are Utilities ($78,828), Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($73,464), and Public Administration ($65,142).

Wages

Median Household Income

$50,177

2019 value

± $2,120

−1.61%

1 Year Growth

± 5.27%

Households in Baltimore city, MD have a median annual income of $50,177, which is less than the median annual income of $65,712 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $51,000 in 2018, which represents a −1.61% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Baltimore city, MD compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Sex in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Maryland.

$82,507

Average Male Salary in Maryland

± $1,722

$67,109

Average Female Salary in Maryland

± $1,315

In 2019, full-time male employees in Maryland made 1.23 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the sex-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Maryland by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Maryland.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in Maryland

Asian
$77,471 ± $4,418
White
$72,989 ± $1,494
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
$68,482 ± $39,305

In 2019 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Maryland workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.06 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in Maryland.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Maryland by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Baltimore city, MD is from Maryland.

0.459

2019 Wage GINI in Maryland

0.461

2018 Wage GINI in Maryland

In 2019, the income inequality in Maryland was 0.459 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.518% decline from 2018 to 2019, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Maryland was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Maryland in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Maryland across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 2711.02
Census Tract 2712
Census Tract 2713

In 2019, the tract with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Baltimore city, MD was Census Tract 2711.02 with a value of $195,156, followed by Census Tract 2712 and Census Tract 2713, with respective values of $165,443 and $154,313.

The following map shows all of the tracts in Baltimore city, MD colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Sex

Females 25 - 34

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

21.2% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Baltimore city, MD (124k out of 587k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.3%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 55 - 64 and then Females 45 - 54.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

Black
94,057 ± 2,269
White
22,192 ± 1,024
Hispanic
7,071 ± 688

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Baltimore city, MD is Black, followed by White and Hispanic.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

280k

2019 Value

± 10,068

−1.99%

1 Year decline

± 4.96%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Baltimore city, MD declined at a rate of −1.99%, from 286k employees to 280k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Baltimore city, MD, are Management Occupations (30,016 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (25,560 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (24,497 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Baltimore city, MD.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Baltimore city, MD, by number of employees, are Management Occupations (30,016 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (25,560 people), and Sales & Related Occupations (24,497 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, Baltimore city, MD has an unusually high number of residents working as Life, Physical, & Social Science Occupations (2.04 times higher than expected), Legal Occupations (1.71 times), and Community & Social Service Occupations (1.52 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Baltimore city, MD, by median earnings, are Legal Occupations ($75,240), Management Occupations ($74,505), and Architecture & Engineering Occupations ($73,665).

Industries

Employment by Industries

280k

2019 Value

± 10,068

−1.99%

1 Year decline

± 4.96%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Baltimore city, MD declined at a rate of −1.99%, from 286k employees to 280k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Baltimore city, MD, are Health Care & Social Assistance (56,420 people), Educational Services (35,873 people), and Retail Trade (25,238 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Baltimore city, MD, though some of these residents may live in Baltimore city, MD and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Baltimore city, MD, by number of employees, are Health Care & Social Assistance (56,420 people), Educational Services (35,873 people), and Retail Trade (25,238 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, Baltimore city, MD has an unusually high number of Public Administration (1.56 times higher than expected), Health Care & Social Assistance (1.44 times), and Real Estate & Rental & Leasing (1.41 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Baltimore city, MD, by median earnings, are Utilities ($78,828), Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($73,464), and Public Administration ($65,142).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Maryland to other states, or from other states to Maryland.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2020, the top outbound Maryland product (by dollars) was Motorized vehicles with $29.2B, followed by Mixed freight ($23.2B) and Electronics ($20.6B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Maryland products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Maryland.

$217B

2020 Value in Maryland

$445B

Projected 2050 Value in Maryland

105% growth

In 2020, total outbound Maryland trade was $217B. This is expected to increase 105% to $445B by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Maryland trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Maryland to other states, or from other states to Maryland.

Most Common Trade Partners

Virginia
$21.2B
Pennsylvania
$18.1B
New York
$10.1B

In 2020, the top outbound Maryland domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Virginia with $21.2B, followed by Pennsylvania with $18.1B and New York and $10.1B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Maryland shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Baltimore City, MD went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 87.3% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (10.7%), followed by Other (1.29%). The most partisan county was Prince George's County, MD with 89.3% of the vote going to Joseph R Biden Jr. running for the Democratic Party.

Ben Cardin and Chris Van Hollen are the senators currently representing the state of Maryland. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Maryland is currently represented by 8 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

2020 Election Results

Joseph R Biden Jr. (87.3%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (10.7%)
Republican Party
Other (1.29%)
Green and Other Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Baltimore City, MD went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 87.3% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (10.7%), followed by Other (1.29%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Baltimore City, MD for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of Maryland.

Joseph R Biden Jr.

Popular Vote for Baltimore City, MD

87.3% for the Democratic Party

Most Partisan Counties in Maryland

Prince George's County, MD
89.3% for Joseph R Biden Jr. (Democratic Party)
Baltimore City, MD
87.3% for Joseph R Biden Jr. (Democratic Party)
Montgomery County, MD
78.6% for Joseph R Biden Jr. (Democratic Party)

In the 2020 presidential election, the most partisan county in Maryland was Prince George's County, MD with 89.3% of the vote going to Joseph R Biden Jr. running for the Democratic Party.

The following map shows the counties in Maryland colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from Maryland

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Maryland.

Ben Cardin

Senator from Maryland

Assumed office on January 3, 2007

Chris Van Hollen

Senator from Maryland

Assumed office on January 3, 2017

Ben Cardin and Chris Van Hollen are the senators currently representing Maryland.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Maryland over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from Maryland

Maryland is currently represented by 8 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Maryland have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2020, universities in Baltimore city, MD awarded 19,624 degrees. The student population of Baltimore city, MD is skewed towards women, with 24,598 male students and 39,895 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Baltimore city, MD are White (7,689 and 47.7%), followed by Black or African American (3,881 and 24.1%), Asian (1,994 and 12.4%), and Hispanic or Latino (1,265 and 7.85%).

The largest universities in Baltimore city, MD by number of degrees awarded are Johns Hopkins University (10,092 and 51.4%), University of Maryland, Baltimore (2,405 and 12.3%), and Loyola University Maryland (1,700 and 8.66%).

The most popular majors in Baltimore city, MD are Registered Nursing (918 and 4.68%), General Education (829 and 4.22%), and General Business Administration & Management (791 and 4.03%).

The median tuition costs in Baltimore city, MD are $48,510 for private four year colleges, and $6,246 and $18,737 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Concentrations

Most Common

General Education
788 degree-majorss awarded
International Relations & Affairs
630 degree-majorss awarded
Social Work
565 degree-majorss awarded

In 2020, the most common concentation for Masters Degree recipients in Baltimore city, MD was General Education with 788 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Masters Degree from schools in Baltimore city, MD according to their major.

Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Johns Hopkins University
10,092 degrees awarded
University of Maryland, Baltimore
2,405 degrees awarded
Loyola University Maryland
1,700 degrees awarded

$6,246

Median In-State Public

$48,510

Median Private

In 2020, the Baltimore city, MD institution with the largest number of graduating students was Johns Hopkins University with 10,092 degrees awarded.

Student Sex for Common Institutions

7,468

Degrees Awarded to Men

12,156

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2020, 7,468 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Baltimore city, MD, which is 0.614 times less than the 12,156 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the sex disparity between the institutions in Baltimore city, MD by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
7,689 degrees awarded
Black or African American
3,881 degrees awarded
Asian
1,994 degrees awarded

In 2020 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions in Baltimore city, MD was White students. These 7,689 degrees mean that there were 1.98 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 3,881 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Baltimore city, MD was $179,100 in 2019, which is 0.745 times smaller than the national average of $240,500. Between 2018 and 2019 the median property value increased from $167,800 to $179,100, a 6.73% increase. The homeownership rate in Baltimore city, MD is 47.6%, which is lower than the national average of 64.1%. People in Baltimore city, MD have an average commute time of 30 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Baltimore city, MD is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$179,100

2019 Median

± $6,268

$167,800

2018 Median

± $4,675

In 2019, the median property value in Baltimore city, MD grew to to $179,100 from the previous year's value of $167,800.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Baltimore city, MD compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Baltimore city, MD the largest share of households have a property value in the $250k - $300k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$50,177

Median Household Income

± $2,120

243k

Number of Households

± 8,705

In 2019, the median household income of the 243k households in Baltimore city, MD declined from $50,177 from the previous year's value of $51,000.

The following chart displays the households in Baltimore city, MD distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the < $10k range.

Property Taxes

$3k+

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Baltimore city, MD distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Baltimore city, MD the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

Rent vs Own

47.6%

2019 Homeownership

47.5%

2018 Homeownership

In 2019, 47.6% of the housing units in Baltimore city, MD were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 47.5%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is lower than the national average of 64.1%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Baltimore city, MD compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

30 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Baltimore city, MD have a longer commute time (30 minutes) than the normal US worker (26 minutes). Additionally, 4.68% of the workforce in Baltimore city, MD have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Baltimore city, MD compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2019

Drove Alone (61.5%)
Public Transit (15.4%)
Carpooled (9.1%)

In 2019, 61.5% of workers in Baltimore city, MD drove alone to work, followed by those who used public transit to get to work (15.4%) and those who carpooled to work (9.1%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Baltimore city, MD distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Baltimore city, MD have 2 cars, followed by false.

Health

94.2% of the population of Baltimore city, MD has health coverage, with 41% on employee plans, 29.6% on Medicaid, 11.8% on Medicare, 10.8% on non-group plans, and 0.967% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in Maryland was $8,602 in 2014. This is a 4.27% increase from the previous year ($8,250).

Primary care physicians in Baltimore city, MD see 958 patients per year on average, which represents a 7.08% decrease from the previous year (1031 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1296 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 202 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Dorchester County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (18.9%). Additionally, Somerset County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (41.9%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

958 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Baltimore city, MD

Primary care physicians in Baltimore city, MD see an average of 958 patients per year. This represents a 7.08% decrease from the previous year (1,031 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Baltimore city, MD in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Maryland.

$8,602

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in Maryland

$4,343

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$7,677

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$12,000

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Maryland (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 4.27%, from $8,250 to $8,602.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

5.81%

Uninsured

41%

Employer Coverage

29.6%

Medicaid

11.8%

Medicare

10.8%

Non-Group

0.967%

Military or VA

Between 2018 and 2019, the percent of uninsured citizens in Baltimore city, MD declined by 5.99% from 6.18% to 5.81%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Baltimore city, MD changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.