Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

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US Senator

Todd Young

Republican Party

US Senator

Mike Braun

Republican Party

2022 Median Age

40.4

0% 1-year change

2022 Poverty Rate

13%

2.06% 1-year decrease

2022 Median Household Income

$61,296

7.88% 1-year growth

2022 Median Property Value

$153,400

14.1% 1-year growth

2022 Employed Population

50,471

1.07% 1-year growth

About

In N/A, Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN had a population of N/A people with a median age of 40.4 and a median household income of $61,296. Between N/A and N/A the population of Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN N/A from N/A to N/A, a N/A% N/A and its median household income grew from $56,819 to $61,296, a 7.88% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN are White (Non-Hispanic) (93.4%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (2.06%), Two+ (Hispanic) (1.13%), White (Hispanic) (1.02%), and Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (0.896%).

2.82% of the households in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

99.2% of the residents in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN are Hanover College (300 degrees awarded in 2022).

In 2022, the median property value in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN was $153,400, and the homeownership rate was 73.5%.

Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN borders Hancock & Shelby Counties PUMA, IN, Wayne, Fayette, Rush & Union Counties PUMA, IN, Bartholomew & Jackson Counties--Columbus City PUMA, IN, Dearborn, Franklin, Ripley, Switzerland & Ohio Counties PUMA, IN, Floyd, Harrison & Washington Counties PUMA, IN, Clark County--Jeffersonville City PUMA, IN, KIPDA Area Development District (Northeast) PUMA, KY, and Northern Kentucky Area Development District (Outer) PUMA, KY.

United States Indiana Kentucky

Population & Diversity

Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN is home to a population of N/A people, from which 99.2% are citizens. As of 2022, 1.27% of Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN residents were born outside of the country (1.42k people).

In 2022, there were 45.3 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (104k people) in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN than any other race or ethnicity. There were 2.3k Two+ (Non-Hispanic) and 1.26k Two+ (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN are Spanish (1,862 households), German (246 households), and Yiddish, Pennsylvania Dutch or Other West Germanic Languages (176 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

56,468

Women

50.5%

55,313

Men

49.5%

The resident population of United States in 2022 was 111,781 inhabitants, with 49.5% men, and 50.5% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in the United States.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

99.2%

2022 Citizenship

99.1%

2021 Citizenship

As of 2022, 99.2% of Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.5%. In 2021, the percentage of US citizens in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN was 99.1%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN

White (Non-Hispanic)
104k ± 228
Two+ (Non-Hispanic)
2.3k ± 271
Two+ (Hispanic)
1.26k ± 308

2.72%

Hispanic Population

3.04k people

2.72% of the people in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN are hispanic (3.04k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

Mexico
528 ± 563 people
India
137 ± 287 people
Venezuela
122 ± 271 people

In 2022, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN was Mexico, the natal country of 528 Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN residents, followed by India with 137 and Venezuela with 122.

Foreign-Born Population

1.27%

2022 Foreign-Born Population

1.42k people

1.29%

2021 Foreign-Born Population

1.44k people

As of 2022, 1.27% of Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN residents (1.42k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.6%. In 2021, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN was 1.29%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
1,862 households (1.77%)
German
246 households (0.234%)
Yiddish, Pennsylvania Dutch or Other West Germanic Languages
176 households (0.167%)

2.82% of the households in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 21.7%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2022, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN was Spanish. 1.77% of the households in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
2,259 ± 291
Gulf War (2001-)
1,219 ± 301
Gulf War (1990s)
1,135 ± 252

Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.85 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN employs 50.5k people. The largest industries in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN are Motor vehicles & motor vehicle equipment manufacturing (5,793 people), Elementary & secondary schools (3,082 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (2,773 people), and the highest paying industries are Pharmaceutical & medicine manufacturing ($190,564), Electric power generation, transmission & distribution ($97,109), and Pharmacies & drug stores ($94,399).

Males in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN have an average income that is 1.41 times higher than the average income of females, which is $45,373. The income inequality in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN (measured using the Gini index) is 0.396, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

23,221

Women

47.2%

25,938

Men

52.8%

The workforce of Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN in 2020 was 49,159 people, with 47.2% woman, and 52.8% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

50.5k

2022 Value

1.07%

1 Year growth

± 1.07%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN grew at a rate of 1.07%, from 49.9k employees to 50.5k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN, are Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand (1,912 people), Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (1,500 people), and Miscellaneous production workers, including semiconductor processors (1,404 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Indiana (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Industries

Employment by Industries

50.5k

2022 Value

1.07%

1 Year growth

± 1.07%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN grew at a rate of 1.07%, from 49.9k employees to 50.5k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN, are Motor vehicles & motor vehicle equipment manufacturing (5,793 people), Elementary & secondary schools (3,082 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (2,773 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN, though some of these residents may live in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$48,794

Median earning men ± $2,602

$32,917

Median earning women ± $1,526

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2022 are Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($71,111), Transportation & Warehousing, & Utilities ($59,028), and Manufacturing ($58,094).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2022 are Transportation & Warehousing, & Utilities ($47,588), Manufacturing ($41,709), and Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining ($41,413).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Indiana.

Y-Axis

2.48%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 3.21M people employed in Indiana. This represents a 2.48% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

Right after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during April 2020, a general dip can be seen across industry sectors, resulting in an overall decline in employment by 15.4%.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Indiana.

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Indiana went to Donald J. Trump with 57% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (41%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.95%).

Todd Young and Mike Braun are the senators currently representing the state of Indiana. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Indiana is currently represented by 9 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN. Showing the available data for Indiana.

2020 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (57%)
Republican Party
Joseph R Biden Jr. (41%)
Democratic Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.95%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Indiana went to Donald J. Trump with 57% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (41%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.95%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Indiana for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Senator Elections

US Senators from Indiana

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Indiana.

Todd Young

Senator from Indiana

Assumed office on January 3, 2017

Mike Braun

Senator from Indiana

Assumed office on January 3, 2019

Todd Young and Mike Braun are the senators currently representing Indiana.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Indiana over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representative Elections

US Representatives from Indiana

Indiana is currently represented by 9 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Indiana have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

Most students graduating from Universities in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN are White (222 and 78.4%), followed by Unknown (30 and 10.6%), Hispanic or Latino (12 and 4.24%), and Black or African American (11 and 3.89%).

The largest universities in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN by number of degrees awarded are Hanover College (300 and NaNk%).

The most popular majors in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN are General Psychology (31 and NaNk%), General Biological Sciences (29 and NaNk%), and General Business (26 and NaNk%).

The median tuition cost in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN for private four year colleges is $40,336.

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

University

Measure

In 2022 in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN, the percentage of applicants admitted was 74.1%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 11.9%. The number of students enrolled in 2022 was 1,124 (48.8% men and 51.2% women).

The line chart shows the evolution of the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

Enrollments by Gender and Races

Universities

In 2022 there were 1,124 students enrolled in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN, 48.8% men and 51.2% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 835 records, of which 54.6% were women and 45.4% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Most Common

General Business
26 degrees awarded
General Psychology
31 degrees awarded
General Biological Sciences
29 degrees awarded

In 2022, the most common concentation for N/A recipients in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN was General Business with 26 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a N/A from schools in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN according to their major.

Universities

Gender

Race

Hanover College

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

300 degrees awarded

In 2022, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was Hanover College with 300 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

University

In 2022, 131 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN, which is 0.775 times less than the 169 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2022 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 222 degrees mean that there were 7.4 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Unknown, with 30 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Universities

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($40,336) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2022.

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($878) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2022.

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($1,200) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2022, 0.924% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.898% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN in 2022 were High School or Equivalent (36.6k), Some college (18k), and Secondary Education (14.9k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN was $153,400 in 2022, which is NaNM times the same as the national average of N/A. Between 2021 and 2022 the median property value increased from $134,500 to $153,400, a 14.1% increase. The homeownership rate in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN is 73.5%, which is approximately the same as the national average of N/A%.

Median household income in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN is $61,296. In N/A, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN was Hamilton County (Central)--Carmel City & Fishers Town (West) PUMA, IN with a value of $118,496, followed by Hamilton County (East)--Noblesville City & Fishers Town (East) PUMA, IN and Boone & Hamilton (Northwest) Counties PUMA, IN, with respective values of $117,749 and $102,896.

Housing

Property

$153,400

Median Property Value 2022

±$4,425

$31,855

Median Property Taxes

±$1,317

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN the largest share of households pay taxes in the < $800 range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

73.5%

Homeownership

2022

67%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2022

In 2022, 73.5% of the housing units in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 72.3%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In N/A, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN was Hamilton County (Central)--Carmel City & Fishers Town (West) PUMA, IN with a value of $118,496, followed by Hamilton County (East)--Noblesville City & Fishers Town (East) PUMA, IN and Boone & Hamilton (Northwest) Counties PUMA, IN, with respective values of $117,749 and $102,896.

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$61,296

Median Household Income

± $3,021

43.3k

Number of Households

± 1,658

In 2022, the median household income of the 43.3k households in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN grew to $61,296 from the previous year's value of $56,819.

The following chart displays the households in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Wage Distribution

0.396

2022 Wage GINI in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN

0.405

2021 Wage GINI in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN

In 2022, the income inequality in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN was 0.396 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 2.38% decline from 2021 to 2022, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2022

Drove Alone (82.2%)
Carpooled (9.48%)
Worked At Home (5.64%)

In 2022, 82.2% of workers in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (9.48%) and those who worked at home (5.64%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

N/A minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN have a N/A commute time (N/A minutes) than the normal US worker (N/A minutes). Additionally, N/A% of the workforce in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

N/A

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN have N/A.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

13% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN (13.9k out of 107k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is approximately the same as the national average of N/A%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 45 - 54 and then Females 55 - 64.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN is false, followed by false and false.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

In N/A, N/A had the highest N/A in the nation, at N/A. N/A has the second highest (N/A), followed by N/A (N/A).

The following map shows the N/A by state over multiple years.

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Health

93.1% of the population of Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN has health coverage, with 50.2% on employee plans, 16.9% on Medicaid, 14.1% on Medicare, 10.5% on non-group plans, and 1.33% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in Indiana see 1500 patients per year on average, which represents a 0.334% increase from the previous year (1495 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1701 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 529 patients per year.

Similarly, primary care physicians in Kentucky see 1551 patients per year on average, which represents a 0.977% increase from the previous year (1536 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1512 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 365 patients per year.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Indiana and Kentucky.

1,500 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Indiana

1,551 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Kentucky

Primary care physicians in Indiana see an average of 1,500 patients per year. This represents a 0.334% increase from the previous year (1,495 patients).

Primary care physicians in Kentucky see an average of 1,551 patients per year. This represents a 0.977% increase from the previous year (1,536 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Indiana and Kentucky in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Health Care Diversity

In 2022, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 23.9% under 18 years, 19.5% between 18 and 34 years, 39.6% between 35 and 64 years, and 17.1% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 48.8% were men and 51.2% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

6.86%

Uninsured

50.2%

Employer Coverage

16.9%

Medicaid

14.1%

Medicare

10.5%

Non-Group

1.33%

Military or VA

Between 2021 and 2022, the percent of uninsured citizens in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN declined by 7.26% from 7.4% to 6.86%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Jefferson, Jennings, Decatur & Scott Counties PUMA, IN changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.